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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment (1994)
Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (BEST)

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. "Appendix J: A Tiered Modeling Approach for Assessing the Risks Due to Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants." Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1994.

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538
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Page 538

Table Of Contents

DISCLAIMER

537

FIGURES

539

TABLES

539

1.0

Introduction

540

 

1.1

 

Background and Purpose

540

 

1.2

 

Risk Assessment in Title III

541

 

1.3

 

Overview of Document

544

 

1.4

 

General Modeling Requirements

545

2.0

   

Tier I Analyses

549

 

2.1

 

Introduction

549

 

2.2

 

Long-term Modeling

549

   

2.2.1

Maximum Annual Concentration Estimation

550

   

2.2.2

Cancer Risk Assessment

552

   

2.2.3

Chronic Noncancer Risk Assessment

553

 

2.3

 

Short-term Modeling

554

   

2.3.1

Maximum Hourly Concentration Estimation

554

   

2.3.2

Acute Hazard Index Assessment

557

3.0

   

Tier 2 Analyses

558

 

3.1

 

Introduction

558

 

3.2

 

Long-term Modeling

558

   

3.2.1

Maximum Annual Concentration Estimation

558

   

3.2.2

Cancer Risk Assessment

560

   

3.2.3

Chronic Noncancer Risk Assessment

561

 

3.3

 

Short-term Modeling

562

   

3.3.1

Maximum Hourly Concentration Estimation

562

   

3.3.2

Acute Hazard Index Assessment

563

4.0

   

Tier 3 Analyses

564

 

4.1

 

Introduction

564

 

4.2

 

Long-term Modeling

564

   

4.2.1

Maximum Annual Concentration Estimation

565

   

4.2.2

Cancer Risk Assessment

567

   

4.2.3

Chronic Noncancer Risk Assessment

568

 

4.3

 

Short-term Modeling

569

   

4.3.1

Maximum Hourly Concentration Estimation

570

   

4.3.2

Acute Hazard Index Assessment

572

5.0

   

Additional Detailed Analyses

575

6.0

   

Summary of Differences Between Modeling Tiers

576

     

References

577

Appendix A - Electronic Bulletin Board Access Information

579

Appendix B - Regional Meteorologists/Modeling Contacts

580

Page
538
Front Matter (R1-R16)
Executive Summary (1-15)
1 Introduction (16-22)
Part I Current Approaches to Risk Assessment: 2 Risk Assessment and its Social and Regulatory Contexts (23-42)
3 Exposure Assessment (43-55)
4 Assessment of Toxicity (56-67)
5 Risk Characterization (68-78)
Part II Strategies for Improving Risk Assessment: 6 Default Options (79-105)
7 Models, Methods, and Data (106-143)
8 Data Needs (144-159)
9 Uncertainty (160-187)
10 Variability (188-223)
11 Aggregation (224-242)
Part III Implementation of Findings: 12 Implementation (243-268)
References (269-286)
Appendix A: Risk Assessment Methodologies: EPA (287-350)
Appendix B: EPA Memorandum from Henry Habicht (351-374)
Appendix C: Calculation and Modeling of Exposure (375-382)
Appendix D: Working Paper for Considering Draft Revisions to the U.S. EPA Guidelines for Cancer Risk Assessment (383-448)
Appendix E: Use of Pharmacokinetics to Extrapolate from Animal Data to Humans (449-452)
Appendix F: Uncertainty Analysis of Health Risk Estimates (453-478)
Appendix G: Improvement in Human Health Risk Assessment Utilizing Site- and Chemical-Specific Information: A Case Study (479-502)
Appendix H-1: Some Definitional Concerns About Variability (503-504)
Appendix H-2: Individual Susceptibility Factors (505-514)
Appendix I: Aggregation (515-536)
Appendix J: A Tiered Modeling Approach for Assessing the Risks Due to Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants (537-582)
Appendix K: Science Advisory Board Memorandum on the Integrated Risk Information System and EPA Response (583-590)
Appendix L: Development of Data Used in Risk Assessment (591-598)
Appendix M: Charge to the Committee (599-600)
Appendix N-1: The Case for (601-628)
Appendix N-2: Making Full Use of Scientific Information in Risk Assessment (629-640)
Index (641-652)