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Index
A
Academic research, 463, 468, 472, 527, 534, 538
Academic Tutoring and Social Skills Training, 256-257
Adaptability and adaptation, 65, 498
and alcohol abuse, 159, 162, 502
Administration on Children, Youth, and Families (ACYF), 463, 465, 481, 547
Adolescent Alcohol Prevention Trial, 264-265
Adolescents, 4, 39, 40, 229-230, 261-275, 488, 509-510
and alcohol abuse, 99, 481, 548
depression, 66, 166, 169, 261
schizophrenia, 261
smoking prevention, suicide, 4, 95
and violence, 43, 273-274
see also Conduct disorder;
Developmental transitions and psychopathology;
Teenage pregnancy
Adoption studies, 58, 67
alcohol abuse, 155-156
conduct disorder, 502
schizophrenia, 144
Advisory councils and panels, 472, 539
population laboratory proposal, 477, 544
Affective disorders, see Depression and depressive disorders ;
Mood disorders
African-Americans, 97-98, 225, 233, 393
After-care, see Maintenance therapy
Age of onset, 62, 75-80, 117-118, 498, 499-500, 522
conduct disorder, 80-86, 502
depression, 91, 92-93, 116
Aggression, 63, 83, 84, 254-256, 481, 513, 548
and alcohol abuse, 158, 162, 502
and conduct disorder, 175-176, 178, 180
AIDS, 4, 394
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Alcohol abuse, 15, 93-99, 481
age of onset, 78
childhood interventions, 481, 548
and children, 4, 155, 159, 160, 176, 502
classification, 12, 93-95, 99
and control of availability, 159, 162-163, 267-268, 275, 479, 502, 512, 546
and depression, 96, 481, 502, 548
and domestic violence, 481, 548
economic costs, 4-5, 488
markers, 156-157, 162, 502
risk and protective factors, 154-163, 501-502
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA), 27, 427, 464
funding, 438, 440-444, 449, 531
Alcohol Education Project, 265-266
ALERT Drug Prevention, 265
Alternative healing practices, 249, 340-344, 346-347, 348-349
Aluminum, and Alzheimer's disease, 138
Alzheimer's disease (AD), 4, 15, 105-111, 118, 291, 294, 488, 498
age of onset, 107, 111, 131
classification and diagnosis, 106, 108-109
delay of onset, 26, 118, 132-133, 137, 139, 141, 501
risk factors, 129-141, 501
treatment, 109-110, 141
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), 296
American Express Foundation, 449, 530
American Stop Smoking Intervention Trial (ASSIST), 40
Amyloid deposition, 118, 132-133, 134, 139, 141, 501
Annie E. Casey Foundation, 449, 531
Anthropology, 474, 540
Antisocial behavior, 84-86, 171-172, 176-177, 178, 179
Antisocial personality disorder, 82, 84-86, 96
and alcohol abuse, 96, 158, 162, 501-502
Anxiety, 13, 55, 87, 97, 104, 318, 319, 320
Applied behavior analysis, 477, 544
Applied research, 475, 542
Asian-Americans, 161, 394-395, 397, 524
Assertiveness Training Programs, 251
Asymptomatic individuals, 21, 22, 25, 494-495
Attachment, 63-64, 68, 161, 498
Attack rate, 76
Attention deficits, 83, 148
Attributable risk, 62, 75-76, 79-80, 115, 192, 497-498
Attrition and retention, of study participants, 221, 369, 389, 512, 522
Autism, 56-57, 559
B
Basic research, 54, 475, 476, 542, 543
Behaviorally Based Preventive Intervention, 270
Behavioral sciences, 53, 63-64, 67-68, 476, 496, 498, 542
Benchmark estimates, developmental studies, 476, 477, 543, 544, 546
Benefit-cost issues, see Cost-benefit analysis;
Cost effectiveness
Bereavement, see Loss and bereavement
Biochemical markers, 156
Biological factors, 5, 6, 61, 493, 494, 500, 501
alcohol abuse, 155-157
conduct disorder, 171-175, 180
depression, 163-165
interventions, 301, 512
research funding, 476, 478, 543, 545
schizophrenia, 142-149, 501
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Biological sciences, 53, 67, 496, 498
Bipolar disorder, 24, 55, 87
and teen pregnancy, 13
Birth complications, see Pregnancy, and complications
Birth trauma, 59
Birthweight, 65, 182, 183, 225, 234-239, 502
Block grants, and state prevention offices, 472, 539
Boxers, head injuries, 135, 136
Brain injury and head trauma, 49, 59, 479, 546
alcohol-related, 96
and Alzheimer's disease, 135-136, 141
and depression, 165
Bullying, 273, 512
C
Caesarean births (CB), 280-281
Calcium channel blockers, 55, 497
Cambridge-Somerville project, 327
Cardiovascular disease, 34-37, 46-47, 57, 488
Career development awards, 473
Caregivers, 4, 26, 140, 140-141, 152-153, 289-291, 292, 293-294, 479, 481, 546, 548
Alzheimer's disease, 108, 109, 140-141, 294
schizophrenia, 152-153, 154
Caregiver Support Program for Coping with Occupational Stress, 283-284, 291, 292
Carnegie Corporation, 449, 531
Carolina Abecedarian Project, 238-239
Case-control studies, 61, 62, 498
Categorical measures, 381-382
Causal chains and processes, 11, 15, 75, 76, 186-187, 217, 219, 222, 503
genetic studies, 497
multiple disorders, 480, 547
neurological disorders, 54, 496
Cellular mechanisms, 54, 139, 496
and drug therapy, 55, 497
Censoring bias, 77, 111
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), 424, 442
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), 442
Center on Mental Services (CMHS), 442, 464
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 14, 43-44, 48, 427, 438, 457, 463, 465, 469-470, 477, 536, 544
Cerebral palsy, 59, 225
Cerebral ventricular size, 149, 192
Challenge model, 186
Change technologies, 367
Changing Teaching Practices, 262
Child abuse and neglect, 4, 188-190, 191, 402, 488
and alcohol abuse, 481, 548
and conduct disorder, 177-178
and depression, 165
Children, 4, 64, 111-115, 403, 487-488
of alcoholics, 4, 155, 159, 160, 176, 502
depression, 66, 92, 93, 112-113, 114, 320
diagnostic classification, 13, 112, 114-115, 117
interventions, 114-115, 227-229, 241-261, 299-300, 504, 507-509
and schizophrenia, 142-144
and violence, 43
see also Adolescents;
Child abuse and neglect;
Conduct disorder;
Day care;
Developmental transitions and psychopathology;
Preschool programs
Children of Divorce Intervention Program, 251-253
Cholesterol, 34, 46-47
Chronic medical conditions, 64, 175, 182, 502
Classification, see Definitions of prevention;
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders;
Diagnostic criteria and classification;
International Classification of Diseases
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Clearinghouses, 424, 425-426, 463, 473, 527, 528, 540
Clinical depression, see Depression and depressive disorders
Cognitive-behavior therapy, 477, 513, 544
Cognitive deficits, see Intelligence levels;
Neurological deficits
Cohort studies, 61, 62, 116
Collaboration in research, 329, 370-372, 460, 539
interorganizational issues, 370-372, 431, 432
treatment and prevention, 477, 514, 544
Colloquia, 478, 545
Colorado Trust, 449, 531
Community Epidemiological Preventive Intervention: Mastery Learning and Good Behavior Game, 256
Community factors and roles, 48, 59, 183, 184, 301, 344-345, 478, 482, 498, 545, 549
conduct disorder, 178-179, 181
in program research and adoption, 360, 361, 364, 372-373, 399-400, 403-303, 415-418, 427, 429-430, 432-434, 527, 528-529
protective, 501
violence prevention, 43-44
see also Cultural factors
Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT), 40
Community mental health centers, 3
Co-morbidity, 13, 23, 115-116, 182, 469, 498, 513, 533, 534, 536
alcohol abuse, 481, 548
conduct disorder, 83
depression, 87, 91, 481, 548
genetic studies, 497
intervention research, 319-320, 328, 513-514
schizophrenia, 103-104
Comparability of research, 13, 469
Compensatory model, 186
Computer Retrieval of Information and Scientific Projects (CRISP) , 419, 438-440, 449, 454, 529, 530, 532
Conduct disorder, 7, 15, 219, 249, 480, 481, 499, 502, 512, 547, 548
age of onset, 80-86, 502
classification and diagnosis, 12, 80-82, 83-86, 438-440
interventions, 83, 261, 269-270, 300, 323, 512
research trials, 481, 548
risk and protective factors, 57, 171-182, 481, 502, 548
Conferences, 424, 427, 463, 527
Confidentiality, 401-402, 525
Confirmatory trials, 46, 365, 482, 483, 516, 548, 549, 550
Congressional commissions, 470, 537
Conrad N. Hilton [foundation], 449, 531
Consensual norms, 263-266, 300, 301, 512
Consortiums, 48, 473, 540
Continuous measures, 381-382
Continuous performance test, 148
Coordination of programs, 50, 463-466, 468, 469-473, 533-534, 535-540
accounting of intervention funding, 472, 539
proposed national council, 468, 470-472
Core sciences, 53, 67-68, 496-498, 542, 545.
see also Behavioral sciences;
Biological sciences;
Developmental transitions and psychopathology;
Epidemiology and epidemiologists;
Genetics and genetic factors;
Neuroscience
Cost-benefit analysis, 50, 405, 525, 526
Cost effectiveness, 301, 329, 367, 405-408, 482, 512, 525-526, 549
health promotion, 335, 348, 515
immunization, 233
indicated interventions, 21, 25, 495
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JOBS project, 291
selective interventions, 21, 25, 494
universal interventions, 21, 25, 368, 494
Costs and expenditures, see Block grants, and state prevention offices;
Cost effectiveness;
Economic costs of mental illness;
Fellowships and stipends;
Funding of research;
Health insurance;
Medical costs;
Productivity losses
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 138
Crime, 178-179, 526
Cross-sectional studies, 77, 116, 498
Cultural factors, 48, 68, 249, 327, 377, 407, 498
health promotion, 335, 337-339, 341-344, 346, 515
and researcher competence, 327, 384, 391-397, 482, 523-524, 549
Cycle of research, 15, 16, 360-373, 415, 482, 515-517, 518-519, 549
D
Day care, 241-248 passim, 480, 547
Definitions of prevention, 19-22, 24, 468, 493-494
Gordon system, 20-22, 23, 25, 493, 494
and program accounting, 472, 539
and research conduct, 13-14, 27-28, 361, 437-438, 468, 477, 482, 535
variation in, 13-14, 469, 492, 534
see also Diagnostic criteria and classification
Delay of onset, 26
Delinquency, 84, 179, 190, 438, 512
Dementia, see Alzheimer's disease
Dementia pugilistica, 135
Demonstration projects, 46, 478, 483, 531, 545, 550
Department of Defense, 457, 463, 465, 467, 472, 477, 481, 482, 534, 538, 544, 548, 549
Department of Education, 463, 465, 467, 472, 477, 481, 482, 534, 538, 544, 548, 549
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 463, 467, 472, 480, 534, 536-537, 538, 547
funding, 449, 450, 531
national health objectives, 14
see also Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration;
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
National Institute of Mental Health;
National Institutes of Health;
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Department of Housing and Urban Development, 468, 472, 534
Department of Justice, 465, 467, 472, 477, 481, 482, 534, 538, 544, 548, 549
Department of Labor, 467, 472, 534, 538
Depression and depressive disorders, 15, 86-93
age of onset, 91, 92-93, 116
children, 66, 92, 93, 112-113, 114, 320
classification, 87, 88-90, 92-93, 115
developmental approaches, 65-66, 92
interventions, 87, 91-92, 286-289, 291, 300, 318, 320, 322, 502, 512
postpartum, 65-66, 280-281
and poverty, 165, 167, 168, 286, 502
related disability, 5, 87
risk and protective factors, 57, 63, 64, 68, 163-171, 502
transient, 13
Developmental transitions and psychopathology, 62, 64-68, 73, 75-76, 116-117, 476, 498, 542, 546
and adaptation, 498
and depression, 166
epidemiological studies, 114-115, 116-117, 476-477, 500, 543-544
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genetic factors, 56
interventions, 216, 222-223, 224, 275-276, 298-299, 300, 504
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), 12, 13, 75, 382
Diagnostic criteria and classification, 11-13, 22, 75-77, 361, 382, 492
conduct disorder, 12, 80-82, 83-86, 438-440
depression, 87, 88-90, 92-93, 115
and developmental transitions, 476, 500, 543
reliability, 12
validity, 12, 75, 114
and variation in prevalence estimates, 4, 75
see also Precursor signs and symptoms;
Prodrome
Disability, 19, 20, 493
Disruptive behavior, 150-151, 317, 320, 513
Dissemination of research, 7, 328, 415-416, 419-427, 432-434, 473, 516, 527-528, 539-540
Alzheimer's disease, 138
funding, 475, 539-540, 541
population laboratory proposal, 477, 544
service program evaluations, 473, 539
specialized prevention research centers, 482, 549
Divorce and separation, 278-279, 479, 546
and children, 251-254
and depression, 87, 165, 168, 502
Documentation and manuals, 220, 222, 326, 389-391, 424, 512, 520, 522-523, 527, 528
Domestic violence, 177
and firearms, 44
Down's syndrome (DS), 59, 131-132
Drug abuse, 4-5, 12, 13, 87
and alcohol abuse, 97, 481, 488
childhood interventions, 261, 262-269, 270, 274-275, 512
and conduct disorder, 83, 84, 176-177
and schizophrenia, 103, 152
Drug therapy, 55, 322-323, 497
for alcohol abuse, 99
for Alzheimer's disease, 109-110, 139-140, 141, 501
for schizophrenia, 104, 322-323
Duke University Family Support Program, 293-294
Duplication of research, 469, 535-536
Dysthymia, 86, 87, 92, 320
E
Early childhood education, 241-246, 512
Early Intervention for Preterm Infants study, 236
Eastern spirituality and meditation, 342-343
Ecological model, 235, 301
Economic costs of mental illness, 4-5
Alzheimer's disease, 105, 107
conduct disorder, 83
depression, 87, 481, 548
schizophrenia, 102, 103
Education, schools of, 474, 541
Educational attainment, and Alzheimer's disease, 136-137, 141
Educational performance and failure, 58, 84, 184, 191, 479, 480, 546
and alcoholism, 158
and conduct disorder, 174-175, 181, 219, 512
interventions, 238-239, 249, 256-259, 260, 262
school reorganization, 257-259, 270-273
Effectiveness, 315, 372
Efficacy, 315, 372
Electrophysiological markers, 149, 156, 162
Emotional disturbances, 57
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Environmental factors, 6, 61, 67, 186
Alzheimer's disease, 138, 501
and genetics, 57-59, 67-68, 368-369, 497
in interventions, 324-325
Epidemiological studies, 61-62, 68, 497-498
children's mental health, 13, 117, 476, 478, 500, 543, 545
conduct disorder, 502
funding, 478, 543, 545
intervention evaluations, 517
precursor signs and symptoms, 118, 499
Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, 3-4, 74-75
age of onset data, 62, 74, 75, 77, 498
Epidemiology and epidemiologists, 60-62, 67, 459, 461,473, 474, 497, 533, 540, 542.
see also Epidemiological studies
Ethical issues, 22, 326-327, 397-405, 429-430, 482, 524-525, 549
gene therapy, 60
Ethnic groups, see Racial and ethnic groups
Etiology, see Causal chains and processes;
Risk factors
Evaluations, see Documentation and manuals;
Methodological problems and standards;
Service programs evaluation
Exchange of knowledge, see Collaboration in research;
Dissemination of research
Executive Office of the President, 471, 537, 538
Eye movement, schizophrenia marker, 127-128, 147, 500
F
Facilitators, 528-529
Family Bereavement Program, 253-254
Family Development Research Program, 239
Family relations and parenting, 6, 58, 182-183, 184-185, 186, 187, 299, 325, 328, 339-340, 478, 479, 501, 503, 545, 546
and alcohol abuse, 4, 155, 159, 160, 161, 162, 502
and conduct disorder, 83-84, 173-174, 176-178, 179, 180, 481, 512, 548
and depression, 26, 65-66, 91, 168, 169-171, 260-261, 502
preservation programs, 250-251, 259
and schizophrenia, 104, 142, 143, 150, 153, 501
training programs, 232-251 passim, 259, 480, 547
see also Caregivers;
Child abuse and neglect
Federal government
agency activities, 448-449, 467-468, 529-530, 534
aid to states, 472, 539
see also Advisory councils and panels;
Coordination of programs;
Funding of research;
Interagency cooperation;
names of specific agencies and programs
Fellowships and stipends, 457, 473-474, 475, 533, 540, 542
Fetal alcohol syndrome, 96
Field trials, 370-372, 399-400, 482, 483, 516, 549, 550
Firearms, 44-45, 95
Flush reactions, 161
Ford Foundation, 449, 530
Forums, 478, 545
Foster care, 4, 191
Funding of research, 13-14, 437-454, 468, 476, 483, 529-531, 535, 543, 549-550
academic, 474, 538
Alzheimer's disease, 138
competition for, 13, 546
data retrieval systems, 529
epidemiological studies, 478, 543, 545
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linkage to publication record, 473, 474, 539-540, 541, 549
and prevention definition, 13-14, 437, 477, 529
program coordination, 464-465, 469, 471, 474-475, 536, 541-542
risk factors, 476, 478, 545
specialized prevention research centers, 474, 479, 480, 483, 541, 546-547, 549-550
training programs, 456-458, 461, 464, 473-475, 532, 534, 541-542
treatment interventions, 477
G
Gangs, 179
Gaps in research, 469, 536
Gender, 61, 68, 182, 377, 477, 498, 543
and alcohol abuse, 97
and Alzheimer's disease, 97, 131
and conduct disorder, 82, 84, 173
and depression, 66, 87
and schizophrenia, 104
Generalization techniques, 324-325
Gene therapy, 60, 497
Genetic counseling, 59-60, 497
Genetics and genetic factors, 5, 55-60, 61, 67, 68, 182, 191, 476, 493, 497, 542
alcohol abuse, 57, 68, 155-156, 161-162, 501-502
Alzheimer's disease, 110, 118, 130-135, 501
conduct disorder, 171-172
depression, 163-164
environmental interaction, 57-59, 67-68, 368-369, 497
schizophrenia, 142-145, 153-154, 501
Gordon classification system, 20-22, 23, 25, 493, 494
Grants, 473, 474, 479-480, 481, 540, 541, 546
Group norms, 159, 160, 162, 263-266, 502
H
Haddon Matrix, 42
Hazard function, 388, 390-391, 522
Head trauma, see Brain injury and head trauma
Health care delivery and use, 63, 68
alcohol abuse, 99
and depression, 92, 167, 286, 288
Health insurance, 473, 539
Health maintenance organizations, 63
Health promotion, 26-27
alternative practices, 249, 340-344, 346-347, 348-349
inventories, 478, 515, 545
programs, 333-335, 339-349, 495, 514-515
Healthy Communities Initiative, 345
Healthy People 2000, 14
Healthy Start in Hawaii, 239-240
Helmets, 135, 479, 546
Helplessness, 165, 168, 502
Henry Kaiser Family Foundation, 449, 531
High-risk groups, see Developmental transitions and psychopathology;
Indicated preventive interventions;
Risk factors;
Selective preventive interventions
High/Scope Preschool Curriculum Comparison Study, 245
Hispanics, 98, 233, 393, 394, 396
HIV/AIDS, 4, 394
Hmong refugees, 395, 524
Homebuilders Program, 250-251
Homelessness, 97
Home visitation, 234-246 passim, 248, 281-282, 300, 324, 480, 504, 524, 547
Homicide, 43, 44, 95, 168
Hopelessness, 165, 502
Hopis, 393
Houston Parent-Child Developmental Centers, 242-243
Huntington's disease, 77
Hyperactivity, 83, 174, 179
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I
I Can Problem Solve: An Interpersonal Cognitive Problem-Solving (ICPS) Program, 246-248, 258, 340
Identifying factors, see Markers
Immunization, 19, 232-234, 479, 480, 488, 512, 546, 547
Impulse control, 241
Incidence, 20, 60, 76, 112-113, 117
see also Epidemiological studies;
names of specific disorders
Indicated preventive interventions, 21-22, 23, 25-26, 29, 118, 193, 219, 493, 494-495, 535
federal accounting of, 472, 539
research on, 479, 546
schizophrenia, 154, 501
Infant Health and Development Program, 236-237, 372, 427, 480, 547
Infants, 63-64, 187, 191
interventions, 223, 225-226, 232-241, 504, 506
and postpartum depression, 66
Infectious disease model, 19
Influenza, and schizophrenia, 146
Informed consent, 402-404, 525
Infrastructure, 468, 529, 534.
see also Coordination of programs;
Funding of research;
Training of researchers
Injury prevention, 41-46, 479, 546
and alcohol abuse, 481, 548
Institutional review boards, 524-525
Insurance, see Health insurance
Intelligence levels, 61, 182, 183, 184, 186, 502
and alcohol abuse, 157
and conduct disorder, 174-175
and depression, 167
see also Mental retardation
Interagency cooperation, 48, 463, 533, 535-536, 537
research conferences, 424, 427, 463, 473, 528, 540
specialized prevention research centers, 482, 548-549
see also Coordination of programs
Interdisciplinary research, 401, 432, 455, 458-459, 460, 461, 496
International Classification of Diseases, 13, 382
Internships, 460, 533
Interpersonal transactions, 63
Interrupted time series trials, 374-375
Intervention Campaign Against Bully-Victim Problems, 273
Interventions, see Indicated preventive interventions;
Michigan Prevention Research Center;
Selective preventive interventions;
Universal preventive interventions
J
J.M. Foundation, 449, 531
JOBS Project for the Unemployed, 284-286, 291
Job stress and satisfaction, 282-286
and depression, 168, 502
John Henry effect, 375
K
Knowledge base expansion, 432-433, 475-478, 492-493, 496, 515-516, 534, 542-545
core sciences, 496-498, 542, 545
exchange process, 415-427, 526-529
see also Applied research;
Basic research;
Coordination of programs;
Dissemination of research;
Funding of research
L
Labelling, 26, 326-327, 512
Language skills training, 56, 241, 513
Latchkey children, 258-259
Latent Structural Equation Modeling, 385
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Learning disorders, 83, 168, 502
Lifetime risk and prevalence, 3, 29, 60, 487, 494, 534
alcohol abuse, 99
depression, 92
schizophrenia, 104
Lilly Endowment, Inc., 449, 531
Lithium, 87, 147
Liver damage, alcohol-related, 96
Local governments, 50
Longitudinal studies, 61
age of onset, 62, 77, 500
developmental transitions, 64, 65, 476-477, 543-544
randomized trials, 521-522
Loss and bereavement, 87, 165-166, 168, 253-254, 292, 294-297, 477, 479, 502, 546
Low birthweight, 65, 182, 183, 225, 234-239, 502
Low income, see Poverty and low income
Low IQ, see Intelligence levels
M
Maintenance therapy, 23-24, 325, 493
for depression, 91
Major depressive disorder, 55, 86-87, 93, 112-113, 320, 480, 481, 512, 547, 548
Manuals, see Documentation and manuals
Markers, 127-128, 192, 500-503
alcohol abuse, 156-157, 162, 502
electrophysiological, 149, 156, 162
schizophrenia, 127-128, 144-145, 147-149, 192, 500
Marriage and marital difficulty, 25, 84, 166, 168, 177, 182, 191, 276-279, 477, 543
Mass media, 35, 47-48, 318-319
and violence, 43
Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), 449, 451-453, 457, 465, 477, 480, 544, 547
Maturation, see Developmental transitions and psychopathology
Measles, 233
Medical costs, 14
alcohol abuse, 99
Alzheimer's disease, 107-108
of depression, 87
health promotion, 514-515
schizophrenia, 103
Medical schools, 474, 541
Meditation, 342-343
Meningitis, 233
Mental health promotion, see Health promotion
Mental retardation, 59, 225, 479, 546
Mentoring programs, for researchers, 461-462, 473, 540
Methodological problems and standards, 218, 220-221, 299, 326, 359-360, 373-389, 434, 505, 512-513, 515-516, 517, 520-522, 545
age of onset data, 77-80, 111-113
Mexican-Americans, 92, 98, 288-289
Meyer Memorial Trust, 449, 531
Michigan Prevention Research Center, 423
Mid-career researchers, 461, 463, 473, 474, 480, 540-541
Midwestern Prevention Project, 266-267
Mini-mental Status Exam, 111
Minority groups, see Racial and ethnic groups
Model community programs, 417-418, 527, 533
Modular treatment approach, 321-322
Molecular biology, 55, 496-497
Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Study, 255-256
Mood disorders, 86, 92, 168, 169-171, see also Bipolar disorder;
Depression and depressive disorders
Mother-Child Home Program of Verbal Interaction Project, 243-244
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Mothers, and infants, 63-64, 232, 279-282, 504
and alcohol abuse, 96
and postpartum depression, 66
see also Pregnancy, and complications
Multidomain risk factors, 299, 504-505
Multimodal interventions, 322-323
Multiple disorders developmental, 480-481, 547
N
National Association of Prevention Professionals and Advocates, 454
National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, 424
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 41
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 439, 477, 480, 544, 547
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 14, 463, 469, 472, 477, 481, 482, 536, 539, 544, 547, 548
funding, 439, 444, 445, 447, 456-457, 531, 532
see also Epidemiologic Catchment Area study;
Prevention Intervention Research Centers;
Prevention Research Branches
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 463, 472, 477, 482, 539, 544, 548
funding, 456-457, 531, 532
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 463, 472, 477, 482, 539, 544, 548
funding, 444-446, 447, 456-457, 531, 532
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 54, 438, 440, 464
National Mental Health Association, 454
National Prevention Coalition, 424
National Science Foundation (NSF), 54
National scientific council (proposed), 475, 535, 537-539, 541
training needs evaluation, 474, 541
Native Americans and Native Alaskans, 98, 341-342, 394-396, 524
Navajo, 338-339, 384, 395-396, 524
Neighborhoods, 178-179, 478, 545
Neurological deficits, 182
and conduct disorder, 174-175, 481, 548
and schizophrenia, 148-149, 151, 153
Neuroscience, 53-55, 67, 476, 496-497, 540
postdoctoral trainees, 474
Nursing, 455, 459, 461, 474, 532, 540
schools of, 474, 541
Nursing homes
Alzheimer's patients, 107-108, 109
depression among residents, 4, 92-93, 488
O
Office of Disease Prevention, NIH, 469, 536
Office of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, DHHS, 427, 465, 470, 537
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), 470, 471, 537, 538
Office of Substance Abuse Prevention (OSAP), 440, 444
Office of Technology Assessment, 470, 537
Older and elderly persons depression, 4, 91, 92-93, 300, 488, 512
home visitation, 300, 504
interventions, 231, 292-297, 300, 504, 511, 541
see also Alzheimer's disease
Out-of-home placement, 249-251
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P
Panic disorder, 97, 116, 318, 322, 323
Parent-Child Interaction Training, 244-245
Parents, see Family relations and parenting;
Mothers, and infants
Path models, 58
Pediatrics, 459, 474, 540
Peer- and Professionally-Led Groups to Support Family Caregivers, 289-291
Peer relations, 59, 84, 159, 176, 179, 180, 478, 479, 544, 546
Peer-reviewed journals, 419-424, 482, 522, 527, 549
Peer-reviewed research projects, 465, 473, 480, 540, 547
Perceived Personal Control (PPC) Preventive Intervention for a Caesarean Birth Population, 280, 292
Perry Preschool Program, 245-246, 379, 407-408, 480, 526, 547
Personality, 61, 158-159, 503
Personnel and staffing, 454, 532-533
program coordination, 469, 471, 536, 538, 539
see also Training of researchers
Pew Charitable Trusts, 449, 531
Pharmacology, see Drug therapy
Phenylketonuria, 57, 134
Phobia, 319, 320
Physical health and disorders, 5, 6, 11, 14, 63, 182, 479, 488, 546
and alcohol abuse, 96, 481, 548
and conduct disorder, 172, 175
and depression, 164, 168, 481, 502, 548
researchers, 455, 461, 473, 533
and risk reduction model, 6, 495
universal interventions, 33-46, 496
Physician Payment Review Commission (PPRC), 470, 537
Piggybacking of research projects, 469, 535
Pilot studies, 365, 482, 516, 548, 549
Point prevalence, 60
Population laboratory (proposed), 476-477, 543-544
funding, 478, 545
Positive Youth Development Program, 263
Postdoctoral training, 460-461, 473-474, 533, 540-541
Postpartum depression, 65-66, 280-281
Post-traumatic stress disorder, 43
Poverty and low income, 58, 182, 183, 242, 479, 541, 546
and alcohol abuse, 159
and conduct disorder, 178-179, 481, 548
and depression, 165, 167, 168, 286, 502
and immunization, 233
and schizophrenia, 149-150
Power calculations, 389, 522
Practicums, 459, 460, 533
Precursor signs and symptoms, 65, 76-77, 115, 116, 117, 118, 317, 320, 477, 499-500, 543
and children, 112, 128
conduct disorder, 175-176
Pregnancy, and complications, 59
and Alzheimer's disease, 136
and schizophrenia, 145-146, 153, 225
see also Low birthweight
Premature births, 65, 182, 234-239
Prenatal and perinatal care, 225, 232, 234-235, 479, 480, 512, 546, 547
Prenatal/Early Infancy Project, 190, 234-235, 281-282, 428, 480, 547
Preschool programs, 241-248, 480, 512, 547
Presidential commissions, 537
Prevalence, 3-4, 20, 60, 61, 62, 487, 497, 498, 534
among children and adolescents, 4, 487-488
see also Epidemiological studies;
Lifetime risk and prevalence;
names of specific disorders
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Prevention, see Definitions of prevention
Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP): An Empirically Based Preventive Intervention Program for Couples, 277-278
Prevention Intervention Research Centers (PIRCs)
funding, 444, 445, 447, 483, 550
publication of results, 422-424, 527
training components, 462, 474, 541
Prevention research, 27-28
Prevention Research Branches (PRBs), 427, 438n, 444-447, 456, 457, 527, 531
Preventive intervention research cycle, 15, 16, 359-409 passim
Preventive/Intervention Research Program, 361
Primary prevention, see Definitions of prevention
Private foundations, 449, 503, 530-531, 534, 538, 539
and research coordination, 463-464, 468, 472
Prodrome, 76-77, 80, 115, 117, 118, 477, 498, 499, 543
alcohol abuse, 99
and intervention, 317-319, 328, 513
schizophrenia, 105
Productivity losses, 4
and depression, 87, 481, 548
Program Development Evaluation, 271
Projecto Bienestar: An Intervention for Preventing Depression in Hispanic Immigrant Women in the Community, 288-289, 291, 396
Promotion, see Health promotion programs
Prospective Payment Assessment Commission (PROPAC), 470, 537
Prospective studies, see Longitudinal studies
Protective factors, 6, 20, 65, 127, 128, 129, 183-185, 192, 217, 219-220, 317, 364-365, 479, 485, 500-503, 546
alcohol abuse, 159-162
Alzheimer's disease, 136-137
conduct disorder, 180-181
depression, 165, 167-168
interaction models, 185-187, 191
and multiple disorders, 192, 480, 547
research support, 476, 478, 543, 545
see also Cultural factors
Protective model, 186
Psychiatry, 459, 474, 476, 540, 542
Psychoactive Substance Abuse and Dependence, see Alcohol abuse
Psychology, 455, 459, 474, 533, 540
Psychopharmacology, 477, 544
Psychosocial factors, 6, 191, 276, 500
alcohol abuse, 157-161, 501-502
Alzheimer's disease, 136-138
conduct disorder, 175-179
depression, 165-168
high-risk groups, 494
protective, 335, 501
research funding, 476, 478, 543
schizophrenia, 149-152, 501
Publication, see Dissemination of research;
Peer-reviewed journals
Public education and outreach, 318-319, 513.
see also Universal preventive interventions
Public health, 459, 474, 540
intervention classification, 7, 19-20
schools of, 474, 541
Q
Quality assurance, 429
Quasi-experimental trials, 374-375
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R
Racial and ethnic groups, 61, 68, 377, 477, 498, 523-524, 543
alcohol abuse, 97-98, 161
Alzheimer's disease, 111
depression, 92, 167, 286-289
and immunization, 233
prenatal care, 225
see also Cultural factors
Randomized controlled trials, 15, 221, 373-374, 380, 385-399, 479, 504, 506-511, 512, 517, 520, 521-522, 545
developmental interventions, 480, 547
Recurrence, 23, 24
Regression models, 522
Rehabilitation, 24
Relapse, 19, 24, 493
alcohol abuse, 99
schizophrenia, 104
Relative risk, 62, 192, 497
Reliability, 383, 384
Religion, 342
Replication trials, 365, 482, 483, 516, 549, 550
Research, see Coordination of programs;
Cycle of research;
Dissemination of research;
Epidemiological studies;
Funding of research;
Interdisciplinary research;
Methodological problems and standards;
Peer-reviewed research projects;
Research trials;
Training of researchers;
names of specific program areas
Research knowledge exchange centers, 432-433
Research trials, 6, 316, 326, 361, 365-372, 478, 482, 495, 516, 517
developmental psychopathology, 477, 479, 480-481, 520, 543-544, 547
dissemination of results, 473, 539-540
follow-up, 299, 375-376, 380, 513, 520
methodological issues, 359-360, 373-389, 515-516
outcome criteria, 222, 359, 378-384, 479, 513, 521
prenatal care, 232
scaleup, 299, 483, 531, 550
selective interventions, 479
training for, 473
see also Samples and sampling
Resilience, 65, 128, 184, 185, 192, 501, 502-503
and social competence, 299-300, 512
Retention,
see Attrition and retention, of study participants
Retrospective recall, 77, 80, 190
Risk factors, 6-7, 11, 20, 65, 127-129, 191-193, 217, 219-220, 317, 493, 495, 500-503
for children and youth, 182-191, 223, 476, 502-503, 543
and developmental transitions, 116, 117-118, 192, 223, 476, 500
interaction models, 185-187, 191
multiple disorders, 182-185, 192, 480
see also Attributable risk;
Cultural factors;
Epidemiological studies;
Genetics and genetic factors;
Relative risk;
Risk reduction model;
Risk research;
names of specific disorders
Risk reduction model, 6-7, 26, 45-50, 215, 366, 479, 495-496, 503, 546
in treatment, 513
Risk research, 476, 478, 495, 542, 543
mid-career transitions, 461,473, 533
see also Epidemiological studies
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 449, 531
RO1 projects, 473, 482, 540, 549
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S
Safety standards, 479, 546
Salutogenesis, 337-338
Samples and sampling, 117, 376-378, 479, 498-499, 520-521, 522
bias, 389, 390, 522
San Francisco Depression Prevention Research Project: A Randomized Trial with Medical Outpatients, 286-288, 291
Schizophrenia, 15, 55, 87, 99-105, 182, 522
age of onset, 104-105
and alcohol abuse, 96
classification, 99-102, 105
interventions, 104, 317-318, 322-323, 501
markers, 127-128, 144-145, 147-149, 192, 500
risk factors, 63, 141-154, 501
School Development Program, 257-258
Schools, see Academic research;
Educational performance and failure;
Preschool programs
School Transitional Environment Project (STEP), 271-273
Seat belts, 41-42, 135, 479, 546
Seattle Social Development Project, 257, 262
Secondary prevention, see Definitions of prevention
Selective preventive interventions, 21, 23, 25, 26, 193, 219, 493, 494, 535
developmental, 480
federal accounting of, 472, 539
research on, 479, 546
and schizophrenia, 501
Self-efficacy, 64, 68, 165, 168, 502
Self-esteem, 68, 498
and depression, 165, 168, 502
promotion of, 240, 336-337, 344-345, 495
Self-injurious behavior, 317, 513
Seminars, 473, 540
Sensitive periods, 67, 75-76, 117-118, 324, 498, 500
Serotonin, 54-55
Service program evaluations, see also Documentation and manuals;
Methodological problems and standards
Service programs evaluation, 417-418, 427-429, 468, 478, 482, 516, 545
feedback to researchers, 48-49, 360-361, 368, 415-416, 429-430, 528
interorganizational issues, 370-372, 431, 432
outcome criteria, 292, 378-385, 405, 418, 478, 545
Sex, see Gender
Sexual assault, 165
Sexual behaviors, in abused children, 190
Shyness, 158, 162, 175-176
Siblings, 58, 177, 184, 503
Siting of interventions, 324
Smoking, 34, 38-41, 49, 64
and alcohol abuse, 97
and Alzheimer's disease, 137-138, 141
lung cancer risk, 62
Smoking, Tobacco, and Cancer Program (STCP), 39-40
Social competence and functioning, 184, 249, 479, 502
promotion and enhancement, 56, 246-248, 251-256, 258-259, 260, 263, 299-300, 317, 480, 495, 512, 513, 547
and schizophrenia, 151
Social learning theory, 57
Social relationships and support, 63, 68, 282-283, 498, 503
Social Relations Intervention Program, 254-255
Social sciences, 63-64, 455, 459, 474, 533, 540,
see also Behavioral sciences
Social Skills Training, 254
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Social work, 455, 459, 461, 474, 533, 540
schools of, 474, 541
Society for Prevention Research, 454
Specialized prevention research centers, 482, 503, 546-547, 548-549
depression, 481, 548, 549
developmental interventions, 480
funding, 474, 479, 480, 483, 541, 546-547, 549-550
training components, 473, 474, 540
Spousal maltreatment, 177, 481, 548
Staffing, see Personnel and staffing;
Training of researchers
Stanford Five-City Project, 34, 36-37
Stanford Three-Community Study, 34-36
State governments, 534
prevention offices, 472, 539
and program coordination, 50, 427, 432, 463, 468, 472, 538
Statistical analysis, 78-79, 385-389
Stigmatization, 7, 317, 322, 327, 513, 524
Stipends, see Fellowships and stipends
Stress and related disorders, 63, 68, 186, 498
alcohol abuse, 159, 162
among caregivers, 4, 26, 140, 140-141, 152-153, 289-291, 292,293-294, 479, 481, 546, 548
coping, 64, 336-337, 503
depression, 87, 165, 166, 168, 502
schizophrenia, 501
work-related, 282-286
Substance abuse, see Alcohol abuse;
Drug abuse
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA) , 427, 440, 442, 463, 464, 481, 547
population laboratory proposal, 477, 544
Success for All, 259
Suicide, 4, 44, 95, 393
and depression, 87, 91, 93, 481, 548
and schizophrenia, 103
Survival analysis, 386-388, 390-391, 522
Sweat lodges, 341-342
Symptomatology, 498.
see also Diagnostic criteria and classification;
Precursor signs and symptoms;
Prodrome
T
Tactile/Kinesthetic Stimulation, 235-236
Targeted interventions, see Indicated preventive interventions;
Selective preventive interventions
Teenage pregnancy, 13, 66, 225
Temperament, 57, 61, 167, 173-174, 182, 184, 502
Terminology, see Definitions of prevention;
Diagnostic criteria and classification
Tertiary prevention, see Definitions of prevention
THEOS, 296-297
Thyroid disorders, 136
Time line, of prevention research, 8-11, 489-492
Timing and duration of intervention, 323-325
Traffic safety, 41-42, 95
Training of researchers, 454-463, 468, 473-474, 532-533, 540-541
faculty support, 474, 533
institutional programs, 456-458, 460, 462-463, 474, 532, 541
mid-career transitions, 461, 463, 473, 474, 540-541
minorities, 457, 474, 541
postdoctoral, 460-461, 473-474, 533, 540-541
in service program evaluation, 454-455, 473, 475, 532
Transformative health movement, 337
Transient symptoms, 13
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Trauma, and depression, 165-166, 168, 502.
see also Brain injury and head trauma
Treatment, 22-23, 493, 497
effectiveness, 498
receipt of, 5, 488
research, 315-329, 477, 513-514, 544-545
see also Drug therapy;
names of specific disorders
Trials, see Research trials
Twin studies, 57-58, 67
alcohol abuse, 155
Alzheimer's disease, 130-131
conduct disorder, 502
schizophrenia, 142, 144, 154
U
Unemployment, 84, 282, 284-286, 546
and depression, 87, 165, 502
Universal preventive interventions, 20-21, 24-25, 26, 28-29, 192-193, 368, 479, 493-494, 535, 546
adverse effects, 326-327
federal accounting of, 472, 539
parenting skills, 249
physical disorders, 33-46, 496
research on, 377-378, 389, 520-521
and schizophrenia, 501
Universities, see Academic research
University of Colorado Separation and Divorce Program, 278-279
U.S. Government, see under Federal government
User-friendliness, 430
V
Validity, 383-384
Violence, 41, 43-45, 49-50, 84, 165, 273-274
Violence Prevention Project, 274
Vulnerability traits, 61, 128, 500
W
Welfare, 183
White House Conferences, 470, 537
Widowhood, see Loss and bereavement
Widow-to-Widow: A Mutual Help Program for the Widowed, 295-296, 297
William T. Grant Foundation, 449, 530-531
Winter births, 146
W.K. Kellogg Foundation, 345, 449, 531
Women, and depression, 65-66, 87, 166, 167, 168, 280-281, 502
World Health Organization Healthy Cities Project, 26-27, 345
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
conduct disorder
