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The Children's Vaccine Initiative: Achieving the Vision
TABLE 4-10 R&D Expenditures and Sales of All U.S. Pharmaceuticals and of the Biologics Component
Year
R&D Expenditures
Sales
Total R&D/Total Sales (percent)
Biologics R&D/Biologics Sales (percent)
Pharmaceuticals (millions of $)
Biologics (millions of $)
Biologics Component (percent)
Pharmaceuticals (millions of $)
Biologics (millions of $)
Biologics Component (percent)
1973
644
25.7
4.0
5,122
138.3
2.7
12.57
18.58
1974
726
32.7
4.5
5,657
152.7
2.7
12.83
21.41
1975
829
24.9
3.0
6,412
160.3
2.5
12.92
15.53
1976
903
28.0
3.1
7,117
121.0
1.7
12.69
23.14
1977
984
30.5
3.1
7,705
169.5
2.2
12.77
17.99
1978
1,089
34.9
3.2
8,424
235.9
2.8
12.93
14.79
1979
1,243
31.0
2.5
9,240
240.2
2.6
13.45
12.91
1980
1,455
45.1
3.1
11,091
244.0
2.2
13.12
18.48
1981
1,765
42.3
2.4
13,000
468.0
3.6
13.58
9.04
1982
2,158
49.6
2.3
15,394
538.8
3.5
14.02
9.21
1983
2,538
53.3
2.1
16,565
15.32
1984
2,843
1985
3,234
84.1
2.6
21,205
15.25
1986
3,721
85.6
2.3
24,032
15.48
1987
4,342
121.6
2.8
27,019
16.07
1988
5,051
207.1
4.1
29,692
17.01
1989
5,824
273.7
4.7
33,469
17.40
1990
6,446
1991
7,276
NOTE: All data are for members of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association. R&D expenditures are for company-financed R&D for ethical pharmaceuticals and biologics for human use. Biologics include bacterial and viral vaccines, antigens, antitoxins, toxoids, and allogenic extracts as well as sera, plasma, and other blood derivatives for human use.
a Sales of biologics are unavailable for 1983 to present.
SOURCE: PMA Survey of Members, Annual Survey Report; Timothy Brogan, personal communication, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, 1992.
