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OCR for page 48
Could ~1~
it cb~apler presents {or each oftbeseve~st~dy cou~ie~sade$c~pli~on
ofecono!m~ic expedencein recbsnldec~des and1be~sults ofour~an~lysis~sof
e~ oft expe~d~ence off Wild de ~ s, ~1 mirages, find Stand
second bibs.
Bols~an~a~!i~s~cu~e~lly ~e~cbesl~of1be seven cou~riesin ours. pie,
Dim 1.987 gross ~81!~0~ pout {GNP)perc~p~i~ of~$1,050 (David Blank,
~1989b)~.~Cbm~p ~ d wi~moslotbersub~Ssibansn/{dc~ncoun~ies~Bsol$~na
~liesl~i~le off ~gfic~ul~urefor IS income. In 1987 agd~c~Qlmrz~accou~n~d for
only 3: percent of g~$s domestic orod=1 {ODPT~. id (~l~cludi~n~ man
. , , ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
er~le~ac1io~)eccoub$es~for57 pe~cen~l~$andserv~icesfor40 percent Ever.
so 7~0 pe~cenlof ~e~l~aborforce wasempl~oyed:in ag~cicul~lu~ei.n 1~980(9Vod~d
Bank,1989b). Tbc m An ag~cul1:ar~ prodb~l~ssreliv~e~stock,sorghum.~malzo'
and Cool crops (Cenl~2 In~teI.J~igo~ce Agency. 1939~.
)4~.~i~^ ARMS ate m For
indus~i~lac~viC~ ~ccoundng for50~pe~=e~lof ~ OP~.n 1988 (CeStri11~1el
ligence A~g~nc~ 19!89).
produces and ex~po~s copper and nickel.
Both is 1be only county in our s-~napJe 1ba1 bus displayed strong
and consistent ~o~tb tbrou.~b the last thee decades (see Figure 5-~1 for
cb~ngesia G~I%Ppercapi~).
~0
~ s~uc~ueofBo~aoa~ econ(~ny
OCR for page 49
Cushy ~
bag caged. drasli!cal~l~y over this faded.
h~ Rely an o~duct:~on of cages and cam.
~0
1n Ace 1960s, Me economy ages
^ ^ In. in 19~6~7 We SO
^ ~ ~ 1
19~82 (~ill~and ~ok~ge~ 1989) The sba~ of GOP accounted for by Hindu
try {~bicb includes mat arose Mom 19 peeve in 196~5 lo 37 pp~e~1 id
1987 (mold Balk, 1989b). Overt revenues based off miners Also
inc ~pidl~ ng Ram Pen of Mover ~evcnuein
1~1~ ~ #~ ~ 1~1~ ~ ~ ~
Fluc~lu~ationsin. Reprice of diamonds ~= ~nimpor~1~s~ou~e offer
u~ionsi~n~tbes~i~comc of Bol~s~ana~ Bec~use~oftb~bi~ib degree otbe~1e~
g~neity of~di~onds~n~osl~d~dp~ce~ser~si~sp~Y~ailablC according an
index offers Sue fordi~onds.~d~.~mond pice~s~ro~s~r~pidly between
1~8 1~. ~~ ~.~ ~ my
between 1982 Add 198! One Big and \li%~hL 19890. awe skying at
Bots~ana's groan ails tbc Grsl years~of Me 19~8~0s;` ~o~c ~i~lb~1he sbaro
Hi- ^
increase in per capita ~ in 1~:, elects these movements fin d~i~ond
paces.
The policies Ace governme~n~tof Botswana bas~fbllo~ed since diamond
~ s . .,
mining began bee been aimed ~ Odin ~ buildup of duet and: stib~iIizing
. ills Y~tb~i ~(l~s89)s ~d 1ba1 doing tillers ~ exc~plionall~y
blab diamond pricks. 1be g!overnme~1 saved a s~ubsmn~ti~ potion of He
~ind~l~1 hi. in Movement Endues (in ~c ~ off MOB asperses)
lager! @~ -i!nc~as~n~ cx~nditu~s. Likev!i.se, abed diamond prices Eli in
.e~d~y 19~80s,goven~nenl~pendi1~cres ~nolg~au~y filed. ! dais
1~y?eotpolicy bu~rs.con~sumers~om sboc~ks~d~ue~-lodb~ngesin cam modify
pacers.
~ ~ alas lisle ev~i~de~c<~on 1be~sdis~buti~on of income ins Bols~na. Me
iambus =cebel~een1besbareof ~eliborfo=etba1 4gri~cultu!~ employs !i8~d
Me sb ~ of GOP ilp~od~c~s suggests dbal~inc ~ ~!m~y~be~neg~all~y daisy
labeled. Ho~e~ver,cen~1 possum m~te~xpendi~lures~on education,bc~.,
~d.soci~ seFY~ice~sbaY~e~inCeas~drapi~dl~y!sisc~s1~972s!~(\Vod~d~B~nk~19~S~9b).
Porexs~plc,~e abet of~o$~s~=ion~prodg<1 ~loc~d~m p~blic~be~al~
ox=~di~= rose Cam 2.02 =rc~nl ill 1~2 all 2 ~8~0~ Eat in 19~87. Coupled
. . ^ it.. all ^ ~^ ^ -a in.. ~ ^ ~ a ~ - ,
tbis!pe~od.1be~inc~ased share imp~I~i~es~la~ge~i~cre4scs in boalfb~xpendi~
u~s~pe~, person. Furtbe~no~,s~insce ~sead~y~1980~s~.tbe~governm~lbas
rug al ~ e~scile~f~od ssecud~1y!pn0g~Us Maims go i~nsulale~rsral blouses
golds ~ the ace oidrought as Cellar generally ~ improve
Be nu~=i~lion~otpoor ~nd.cb~ldren. Tbbse pieces o!fev~idencosugges11bat
n~ll~ivi~n~ sl~nda~dsbaverisen. Ho~ever,anyconcl-usions about blot Deli
venous gaps age doing await more comp~re~bon~sive i~n~fb~nalio~n on He
d!iS1[ibuliOn o~fbo~tb pd.va~ incpmesand gover~me~ntexpendl~lures.
lain sum Mary, dbo economic data indicate steady increases in average
OCR for page 50
EM HEM ~ S~~ ~^
Bots~as~. ~1bsou~b it is ala clear ~betber rung and
urban livings standards are growing als~i~milarrales.
~ e ~ cents of~minerils
tba1 Botswana exports brave experienced some Early extreme ~uc1~1ions
over He p~stdecade.prod~uc~i~n~ Cuctuationsib ~ DO However 1b6~gov~em:
mon1 appears to bevy managed booms~nd blush so as no~m~i~nimi~ze tb~it
.^ . ., .
em sects on. .lvl~ng stag ash Is.
plan abet rollmops, me an~y~ze tbe~efRols~of~movemen~ in G OP per
^
Spit on de~mog~spb~ic 0~1com~e~s~in Bots~ane.
able fib sober econ~0mic~i~ndi~c-alors.
Our o~pl~ysi~s is ~so~resthc~d to
the total s leaf children and of Doreen from the Dem~ograph~i~c~and
Health Survey (D H~S)~taken~in 19~88 becau~sse~dala on udban:~uralsre~sidencp
~ece~ssary forouraniTy~si~s ~ere~notcollocted.} )ioneove~ because B01swin~a
his not expedenced~ prolonged or severs D~uct~l!~ons fin livid s~ndi~dk
~ ~ ~-
rela~onships between G DP par Apia and the demograpb~ic o~u~o~mes age
likely to be found.
Botswana is one of1be fact sub~S~abs~an Picas pop~dl~ions that brave
sub~st~1 p~ognessin demog~r~pb~i~c~1~nsili~0n~n recent decades The
imp at mousy ram dial tb~e mid~lSsSOssi~s~tbouBb~1lo hove been~sl~o~ as 30
O~1~ 1e/~
the tale 1980~$ Ads 4~.9 c~bild~n per Bomb (Coben. 199~37.
gown ~ in flake age at! mileage in comp~i~son Pith the ~S1 of subs
SAID Alcoa (van de Mile, 19933, even though me e$ti~m~ of me hi.)
aged gage of maimed Cam me 19~8 ~Demog~bic and Hbi1~ S~urv~y is
at'
We decline in ~1 and child modality as es$ima~d in OF analysis is
shoots in ~d 3-~1 E ~e~o~ality Mob cb=ts me devious in me log
~d esti~d risks ~1 Sulked mom ~ Poisson Recession -~1:~ included its
ex~pla~alo) ales the Ore coiled Acid dummy Fable Web
calendar yew A~l~ougb ~pa~ is note smooth.. me decline in ma idly is
clew and onus Isis indicts gag it Has indeed si~iOcanl (see able ~5-
1~. hew Beg no statistically s~ign~i~cant ye-1-ye vacations Roland 1ho
1~ 1<,~
Pu~e:~ord, given the steady economic game in ~Bots~ana ill recen~t
decades, Be absence of gay e~c1 of 1be loam of GDP per cavity on
i~n~n~1 and child May once the time trend is Ken ink conside~ti-, is
age Abe cold :mor:ilily =~ly$~is. Intel on ma ~motber'$ l~n~tb off Sided kiln Su~nl
Splice is Id and far able mediate ad ~rt1111y analysis i~n~ation on tbc Coma' ~si-
dence al ~ 12.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
tab implies
not ~n~ <~ ~e i-2)
~7
vats ~( ~ ~
~s~~ ~ v,
grow and in sum, am both subslan~1i~11y g~ateF than 1~0 the cuff tab me
use in distinguis~bing significance. Ibid ~s-uli~d~s Snot mean ~ ~c secu-
~1= Dine in morality bus ~no~1 beets iS~sOC~ia1od ~i~ Me Lose in GDP in
:recenl decades. It implies merely Hat ibex ye~lS^ye~ vacations amend the
Band of He logjam of GDP per coin brave not been related lo He yew
. , , .
todays v~atl~o~ns in ma ally.
Figure i~ 1 also Ebbs He deviations of He 1~ odds of m~i~ng, based
on ~ model wig He of woman and d~!mmy vocables ~r Cob Blend. ye=;
ail indices got He as of mange have docli~d splice ~1975:. He ISIS
dial Table i-1 cloned a don Hand fin tbe~ log of ~/ manage far the
entice peak Ham 1960 ~ 198~7 Ed Mica to signi~c=1 Don Lund
tab gland ~o~e~e~ Ace results in ~g 3~7 suggest lb
~ i If:
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( =~: ~d data ~; 6~0l^0o ~= 30q ~; s~el^ao
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Bogota
T:~.:me~ Period off Demonic Ou~o~s.
Child Par Pied S=ond
Y~Ii~y ~gage Bag Bag
.~
ala tsar
~ = ~.~*< .~* .16 ~.~*#
\6 v=~.ati0 ~,~! I** , ~,~
. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
^~ of aide .70 a* ! ~its* Is**
\~# ~S ~S
gilded lp~,l0~1 - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- -
~0 ~. S! -A 4.3 ~s 4~,3!68 ~3,227
all Society dialysis, <~< ~ child is a,! ~ of ^il
=~ ~~e ~_~1^
Economic Experl~ence
Ghan\ is clas~si~e~d~# ~ loo coun#,~/i~ ~a ~1987 GAP per
e~i!la Of ~$~S9Os ~ d Bang T9i89b). Its ~onom!y figs abased lame* son
ri~cuJ~lu~, ~bibb accounted ~r il~pem~n1of gaffs domestic prodac$~s~i~b
19~S7 Brian cidn~#s~1 dip 3s4 alit !°! all Sum- countess Me SS9
plod 5~# peters otS (e labor awe in 19~8~0 world Bum, ~19~9b).~
main agricultural pI~1S am cocoa, cue, Drool capes. maize; ~so~bum,
milled Id groundnuts~Es~=e major upon crop is cocoa, ~bicb~ss~c~, Bar
57 peat of the vault of lOl~ emus in 19S82s19~84 (Mao 2^3)~. Mike
,
. .
role Of cocoa is sassed in mob of IRE econ~i~E lima on Obina,~as~s al
. .~ as ~ .
bag em~l~oVed a~sub~lanti~il~sbare bf~Sbe~popul~bon add bas been 21~1~rl~s ~
~. ~. ~
^ ~, _ .
.~.. ~
MESS ~$~o~n~E~ln~S~ti~lgu{~:~ ~ps::~e3P;n~0C~a~:a: 306li~ i: fig
s~!d*rdS~sE~eas~ed~by Beg ~g~oss~sdome~sti~c~od~l~per c~p!ita~E~bet~ed~n
period can~be~broken. ~ousghly.in~o ~ mood of slag and uneven e~o~tb
tb~ougb ~1974. gad tube ~ collapse in Tab ~ m 1974
19~80s They ~ !~ through 1~!~ ma k 1hp begonia Of ~< stifle opening
~D~!ng~tbi~s pe~d~od,the~Chan~n economy ~aschirac~ hzed~by 4~g~s-
s~i~vei~mpo~-s~ubs~titu~tion policie~s.ex~sl~se gove~rn~mentintervend~on;s~i~n~mia
kets~for bath apd~cu~ltu ~ Capons and cons~m~e:r goods, Add a ledge
sign of #~pdbbc~ sector Sue coanuy instilled a p~ogn~, of import ~sticdoEs
Bill We ably l96O$-s ends #( she in MOP ~ mango, much of Ibid
gas condLc~d by aside cuss. expanded rapidly, mom 1.5 Icing in
~1957 to 1~0.0 peace: in ~1966, Its we She ~ m~u~ludng~ coc-
duc~d by she e~le~r:ise~s.
Real produce:r~ph~e~s for cocoa ded~l~i~ned~pe
Teen 1~61 Add 1964~and cocoa output and expc~ls~ll on ~i~tb~!~m~i:d~
1960s. The decli~e~inih~e cocoasectoF arid conseo~uentresdactionsi~h elbow
~venues,re$ul~d-~n db~e~litge~st balance OI p4y~e~nts dC11Cll ~$1pCp lgagpC~n-
dence~. lb~isi~mb~celedio res~ict~ion~sin~i~mpor~ of C~p!i~1 goodsE,~bicb
~ere~necess~rv fbrtbe ceilinged ero~tb of the m~n~uf~cludng shalom and
Tbe milky coup of1~6~m~iked that bell of a period of gob
for Oban~tb~ persisted _ s~ghfbe eadyE~1.97~0s. Aide tbC recovery was a
3~r ma Flailed Options of Gb~na's omit cx~d~nc~. ~c ~Ki:ll~ick (HAS)
~ (19S9).
e
:~y ~
solved boom in ~ world cocoa prices in ~1968 and 1969' ~lJo~
en
:o
193 1~9iS
~ Icon
i~9S~8. shot in In
I. ~ ~g~omic~ I ~p~grSm~ ~ OIL ash Ail !! acne Aim ~!~ Is ~ ~<
g~ -~#
c0:~y ~
smuggling lo nei~bbod~ dune)
es~limiled~se~c~1s of movemen~in
pauper princes on ~emcebi~c o~u~ome$ may ~ seri~ousIy Mused.
Cbi~I~d. shiv i-mved $ubs~=ti~1y in ~p 195SQs, 1960$, -!s~1970s:$
but in abut eady 198sOs little! p!mg~s~s Deems lo bee beers ad ~sss:lbl~y
some vets occurred Bills.
^^ ~ a-- as ^ ~^ ~ ^^ ^ ,
~ . , ~ ,
!l~pprp Is some 1~nalca~on,s!~o~vo~
^ .
fist ip t~ so IS T~~ s ~#llDg {~ mO~sl~ly ~T0sU=^s. ~ Is DUCT asks ~p~ ~
chafe is coven ~!th 8. ~ of =~+s~ as /~^m~;s~ ~%~^~2~lc ;=
he edgy 19~80s' as ou~tlised above. Tbe~ ace ~ Usage Teen ~^
~ ~ 1nc~s<~ sow age Age Best. gun 1~ ~ !ls9~5i3~ tag !~sinQu~lates~ mew
ages at maize ~S~lO9d~41~2p~2~ yegrs~(vin~d<~ici,~!~ 993 Bibs Mel
bane decJ!ip~d~ slighlly,~bp~!~ city ~ai)~s~hi~h~by~!~i)~opg~ s~-d~s~.
esli.matod: am: ~i~lity ~1~ Of ~6s.4~s!chlI-n~per Coma! in the second buff
. .
. ~ , ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
of ~ ~!
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=~ ~ ~ 6~w^~:~S~
~sc~ Sal A pesos Eyed ~ align
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and He And in me u~ or low samples, bul ~= ants limb 1bC :.
Eager go, tease v^~on~s ~<~ ~s~igni#~c~#y~la~d got ~p economic
Ides included in glut ~ilys~ls (gee Ably 5-5).
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[GA~`D:A
limb ~ AGE per
. ~ ~ ~
considered in oaf study (Ed Blanks 1~489b~)~. mole Wilbur countries coins
sagged bag, Pagoda h~is-!~e~perie~nced ~ increase 1< He Victim Donut
generated ~ a
r~ gem
72~9
c Ersl~balisof Me ~198sOs~ was Mixed. In
~19~8sl,~ panda. Ad ~= seconom~ic~ come ~p~~!tbat~ included ~ de~-
val~u~i~on, remove of many pace cools, ~d~ inc~es!~ib~ prodders Poesy.
Real~ucer process ~r diode and~tottob~ere~i~bcr<~=esd m~o=~tb~nlne,
_ ~
~ !E~\p0~ qSU3ntitieS~!~ imp! ~::~g ~pOQ!S~. ~ IS!
discuss ill ~ Outvote Am ~di^[e~!S!~S~OU{00~S!~!~ i~co~eds Quite ~di~re~
Amp swags I !~ncome!s~ Dung figs god.
evidence indicates ~ Me economy gas in rec~ove~ ill He Rely Lagos. ~ lb
~1~!9!8~4,. ~tbe~CcOnomic~!c~oye)~ !p,Og~:~g~ ! en Plea Arid ~ls9~85~!~e~! HIS
a cutups a! ~llo~pis by giving anew its -lie file Ion Was bog
Ii~ig~g~!~ Ads ~cb~ged~!!!~l~Sen ~ ~1~98~1
abet Nest sentiments of 1be Emulation.
. -: ^ : ::
coma and corona. ~i!iS!uts~e~i~ttp~3ti~e~co~nomic~!~nVironmen1 belayed
~ cast ,~
me ~ of ~ Todd pricers ~s~d~o!!!~is~!~ot~!~!!!!~ol!~ !~ ~e!sc!~! Coo.
sb~o~ld,~inss~e~> sync ~ ~e g~meas~re~ ~!~li!~ stamens; Bait
mse~u~ment~ dog ifs ~ n8r IBM At I 1~01~!~ aloe abet sea. note~1~
~ ~ ~: it. ~
~ ^ - - - ~
abase the scruple Size gas smilli:n the casesof modality
~aslacking on residence ~ age 12in tbc cases of mania and fardl:71y, we
mere not able go do the aneIys~is separably for urban Drug samples ifs
Uganda made l~ild!e progress in educing cb~i~ld modality ill 1be ~1970s
-- -^- gem fined above Seven
~ as- ~
and 19S80S (~i11, 1993), had the 101~ film rate
chi.J.d~,n~per yeoman in tbeloe l980~s (Cohen, lo.
Of ~onacn~may brave increased by ~ fag months in fbe lo fag decades,
accordions to some evidence tvan de ~Ville.1993j:.
The age at manicure
~d. upward id mo~il~.ty over Be 1970-1987 period.
as oboe in 1ib)se i~28,ind~icate ~ sl~iSb1 but~signi5!cant
5-17 No
-
demonsu~es dds ~nd A<~n 1970 10 fee cad v 1980s. but succes~ tb~
. ~
_ . . . a,
survive may bavei~mp!rovedi~nlhe~mid-1980s lucre IS no sl~nl1lcan~tyear~
lo~year via on around the find. The recuts of the ~n~ysi$ including
economic variables age mixed. As An in Tubule 3~29* EX O had ne~atlve
^
positive el deco
real World pace of colon (W PCOT) bad
770
ICON ^~S ~ I
Tbe~l!og odds of m e age declined sighiC~c~ntly~ftom ~l960~sto~19~87~.bu
In
Tic it Vibes had no ~c~ (able ~ 5-30) ~
~ Si~i~I~!y, ~ along Odds aloof C~^t~bi~b~ Shoed ~ ~s~i~nib~1~ ~do~!
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732
=~ ~~ ~ I
TABLE 3~28 ~C1S of Time ~dod ~ Demogr~bic Ounces, Uganda
a.
eased
^ as Ha.
Ceiled ~# : Firs Squad
~ ~ ~it Diane ~! ~Sian Blah,
^~ ~01 - 02 ! ~.01 ~01
~'a
~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ * ~ Q 1
go vendor .2~3 #age ~!~ .01~* 43
N^~ version . ~.3~7 ~ ~.:~1~0 .75
D01 ~ toad ~ I
`. I,
~ OFF
Cbil~n 16,074 - a: ~- ~
cant -ad
TABLE 5~30~ ~ Icy By Economic Vales
7~
~ Jag ~
TOP EM ~COP IT
by 1~
0 ~/ ~ ~0~06 ~. ~Ha. 1 3 ~ 05
1 ~ ~ ~0~.~08 !0.1~ ~0.12 ~0~. ~.10
2 ~!~.14 ~03 0.12 0~.03 ~ 03
Sum of
< ~ .
~ ~.85 ~!~ ~.31 ~ ~.2~8 ~ ~,35 .5~8
Sum of ~
CC ' ! ~
~'# ~# ~ ~
art: ~ ADS ~0 S ~ Also ~ :~ Cow i! ~ up,. !~ it: s~dom~s~ ~= ~~
age. ~ 1~2 1~9!87; ~E~.~s I q_~i^~l~952~1~987!;~!!~ Ha, ~ of :~ iota ~ 1!96}
1~987~;~ ICE, #1~ toddy ^~ of. 1~962~1~987:!~i!~WPC#, ~1~ ~-d! ~ Of Id.
1~1~.
~ * i~lc~e$ ~ ~-v~c ~ < ~.10; *= Is If a<: ,~
TABS i~31 Ears of Comic Valleys on First Bags, Uganda
WB ~EM
~) ~1:
~1
- -
C=^icn
pa 1~
0 0~41 0 26* ~.030 020~.14
1 }1 1 ~{13
2 o.e ~.~1 of.of~^
Sum of
0~61 0.31 /~/~0
~val=~)~
C=
~ zeal .08 ~.03 ~.85~.97.
Sum of
C=~CiCn
03**~ .* .75 .73 .77
BOTH: Age of Coma gad year a~ compiled. ~GDP, ~1 g~$$ ~$tiC ~t
chin 1962^1987; =Q, cx~ quantum index. ~1962~1987: Ha. ~ ~ the index, 1962*
1987; In, ~ Told page of coma. 1962~1987; Wow, ~ gore Price of cage
1S~19~.
~ * I a -value ~ < .10; ** ~$ a p-~1~c ~ < .05.
7~ =~ ~= ~ I:
TABLB 5~32 ~ EO)~1S~ of Economic V~diblesob Second Bibs, Uganda ~
BP EM
~ ~T ~ta1
C^~:ieol$
I ~ ~ ~~
~1 ~
east
TO
-
by ~1~
O ~ I.* ~ .17 ~0~. ~0x03 0.~06
1 =~.53* ~O.OS /~1 0 02 0.15
2 1.25*~* 0.3~2* ~ ~,s20 ~.03 ~.16
Sum of
~e: eggs ~ at: YE
.~~ 1
~ =~ .~i .~06* .52~ .96 63
so_
C~C~1S
iS ZERO .~** .23 ,32,97
.79
_. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-
-S _osdc ~s~~ China. ~196231~987~;~ B. en Bum
ages of Elm Big. 1~-~1~987~eC~, - -
=~1 Bald Deco of cute. 19~1987.
~ ~ radices a ~1= ~ < ~.1~0; ~! mans a ~c ~ < .~.
1197; an,
~d~sE~pd~e~ofo~c,1962~9S7~rC0{
