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KIYOSHI MUTO
1 903-1 989
BY JOSEPH PENZIEN AND GEORGE W. HOUSNER
K]YOSHI MUTO, professor emeritus of the University of Tokyo,
world-renowned teacher, researcher, and practitioner in the
field of architectural engineering, died on March 12,1989, at the
age of eighty-six.
In recognition of his leadership role and many unique contri-
butions in the field of earthquake engineering, he was elected
foreign associate of the National Academy of Engineering in
1978.
Professor Muto was born on January 29, 1903, in Ibaraki
Prefecture, Japan. Upon graduation from the Tokyo Imperial
University (former name of the University of Tokyo) in 1925, he
joined its faculty in the Department of Architecture, where he
advanced rapidly to the rank of professor at the age of thirty-two.
Having been greatly influenced by Japan's Great Kanto earth-
quake of 1923, he devoted thirty-eightyears (from 1925 to 1963)
as a member of the faculty developing and teaching the prin-
ciples and procedures of earthquake resistant design, including
the internationally known D-method used by engineers in many
seismic regions of the world. Recognizing the importance of
experimental verification of structural performance, he was
instrumental in the development of a two-thousand-ton testing
machine in 195X; and, to advance dynamic analysis capability, he
developed a seismic response analyzer in 1960. Professor Muto
served in various administrative roles while at the university,
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MEMORIAL TRIBUTES
including trustee of the University Senate (1958-1960) en c]
dean of the Facult,v of Engineering (1960-19624. His former
students, in turn, became eminent engineers and professors of
engineering, so his influence has extenclec3 to the third and
fourth generations.
Upon his retirement from the University of Tokyo in 1963,
Professor Muto became executive vice-president of the Kajima
Corporation, a position he held until 1977; and, in 1965, he
established the Muto Institute of Structural Mechanics, Inc.,
serving as its president until his death in 1989. While affiliated
with these firms, he continued his earlier leadership role in the
development of seismic resistant designs. His special studies on
the nonlinear seismic response of high-rise buildings in the early
1960s led to the acceptance and construction of many such
structures in Japan, the first of which was the Kasumigaseki
Building in downtown Tokyo. With his continuing guidance
during this period of development, Japan's building standarcls
on structural design and analysis were rapidly moclernizecl; and,
with his invention and introduction of the reinforced concrete
slittecI-shear-wall construction, the seismic performance of such
structures was greatly enhanced. In acidition to his many out-
stancling contributions to the development of seismic-resistant
high-rise building construction in Japan, Professor Muto made
similar contributions to the development of its nuclear power
plant construction through improving design en cl analysis meth-
odologies and verifying performance by experimental means.
Today the citizens of Japan are quite confident that such struc-
tures of modern design will perform satisfactorily during future
earthquakes. Much of this confidence is the result of Professor
Muto's many contributions in earthquake engineering.
During his entire career, Professor Muto contributed greatly
to the advancement of architectural and civil engineering through
his participation in professional society activities, including
technical committees, seminars, symposia, and national and
international conferences. As a leader of such activities, he
served as a member of the Science Council of Japan and as
president of the Architectural Institute of Japan, 1955-1957,
Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineer-
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KYOSHI MUTO
141
ing, 1956-1958, Japan Concrete Institute, 1965-1967, Interna-
tional Association for Earthquake Engineering, 1963-1965, and
the Japan Federation of Engineering Societies, 1975-1977. He
also made major contributions through his numerous publica-
tions, including his five-book series entitled TheAseasmicDesign of
Structures, Maruzen Co., Ltd. and through the U.S. patents
Composites Building Structure and Walls, 3,736,712, June 5,
1974; Supporting Structure for Pressure Vessel for Nuclear
Reactors, 3,841,593, October 15,1974; and Process for Reinforc-
ing Reinforced Concrete Post, 4,071,966, February 7, 1978.
His awards and honors include his membership in the Japan
Academy; Imperial Prize from the Japan Academy, 1964; Com-
menclation by the Minister of State for Science and Technology,
1968; Medal with Purple Ribbon, 1968; International Award
of Merit in Structural Engineering from the International Asso-
ciation of Bridge and Structural Engineering, 1976; Order
of Culture, 1983; and Grand Cordon of the Order of Sacred
l reasure.
In the conduct of research and development work at the Muto
Institute of Structural Mechanics, Inc., Professor Muto gave
major responsibility to very talented young engineers who con-
sidered it an honor to work for him. He personally supervised
their work, clemanding and receiving the highest levels of per-
formance. Whenever they prepared papers and slides for confer-
ence presentations, he would closely check every detail, requir-
ing modifications until totally satisfied. Preconference rehears-
als would then be carried out and, at the conferences, he would
usually sit in the center front row to observe their final perfor-
mances; thus, they were more worrier! about satisfying Professor
Muto than the attendees in general. He, of course, awarcled
them for their fine performances; they, in return, revered him
for his guidance.
Although Professor Muto was extremely busy with his profes-
sional activities, he found time for a variety of hobbies that he
enjoyed immensely. In his early years as a university student, he
developed a strong interest in sports, playing catcher on the
baseball team and skiing on skis designee! and made by himself.
Later, golf became his favorite sport, playing until the age of
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MEMORIAL TRIBUTES
seventy-eight on many courses around the world, including
Pebble Beach and Spy Glass Hills in the United States. During
these years, he also loved to watch professional baseball games
and Sumo wrestling at the stadiums and on television. His other
hobbies included growing his own orchids, which he did until his
hothouse burned down, and working with the inner mecha-
nisms of cameras.
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
earthquake engineering
