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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
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Dual-Use Technologies and Export Administration in the Post-Cold War Era

Documents from a Joint Program of the National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences

Office of International Affairs

National Research Council

National Academy Press
Washington, DC
1994

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
×

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council and by the officers of the National Academy of Sciences. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Copyright 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 94-65016

International Standard Book Number 0-309-05031-6

Available in limited quantities from:

Office for Central Europe and Eurasia

National Research Council (FO 2014)

2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.

Washington, DC 20418

Additional copies available for sale from:
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Ave, NW P.O. Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 1-800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in Washington metropolitan area)

B-276

Printed in the United States of America.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
×

COMMITTEE ON DUAL-USE TECHNOLOGIES

ROLAND W. SCHMITT (Chairman), President Emeritus,

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

ALAN G. CHYNOWETH, Vice President for Applied Research (retired),

Bellcore, Inc.

LINCOLN D. FAURER, Lieutenant General (retired),

U.S. Air Force,

President and Chief Executive Officer,

Corporation for Open Systems

SEYMOUR E. GOODMAN, Professor of Management Information Systems and Policy,

College of Business and Public Administration, The University of Arizona

JOHN E. HARVEY, Director,

Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University

ROBERT A. SPRAGUE, Division Staff Engineer,

GE Aircraft Engines

MITCHEL B. WALLERSTEIN, former Deputy Executive Officer,

National Research Council,

currently Deputy Assistant Secretary for Counterproliferation,

U.S. Department of Defense

Staff

PETER K. MACDONALD, Program Specialist,

Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research Council

JOHN J. MODZELEWSKI, Program Officer,

Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research Council

MICHAEL R. STARKENBURG, Technical Editor,

Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research Council

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
×

PREFACE

This publication reports the results of a one-year joint program between the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on dual-use technologies and export control. The goal of the program has been to define a balance between the conflicting demands of controlling the spread of technology for strategically dangerous armaments while encouraging the spread of technology for economic growth and development.

The program, which ran from December 1991 to December 1992, had its origins in the two major reports on U.S. national security export controls* which the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering prepared in 1987 and 1991, respectively, at the request of the U.S. Congress and a number of executive branch agencies. The more recent efforts of the Commonwealth of Independent States to join Western economic and security regimes created the impetus for this current effort.

With the exception of a joint statement of the NAS and the RAS, the views expressed in this document are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of either the NAS or the RAS.

The NAS expresses its appreciation to the Russian Academy of Sciences for its cooperation throughout the program. Special thanks are owed to Major General William Bums (retired), leader of the NAS delegation on its exploratory mission to Moscow; Dr. Roland Schmitt, Chairman of the NAS delegation; Academician Gennadiy Mesyats, Chairman of the Russian delegation; Dr. Mitchel B. Wallerstein, former Deputy Executive Officer, National Research Council, and current Deputy Assistant Secretary for Counterproliferation, U.S. Department of Defense; and Mr. Glenn Schweitzer, former Director, Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research Council and current Director of the International Science and Technology Center in Moscow. Financial support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.

*  

Finding Common Ground: U.S. Export Controls in a Changed Global Environment, 1991, and Balancing the National Interest: U.S. National Security Export Controls and Global Economic Competition, 1987, are available from National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20418

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
×

TABLE OF CONTENTS

*  

All documents presented at the December 1992, May 1992, and December 1991 programs were neither approved nor endorsed by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. The opinions and thoughts presented in these papers are solely those of the authors.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
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Conceptual Approaches to the Problem of Dual-Use Technologies
Dr. Mitchel B. Wallerstein

 

111

   

A Binocular View of the Issues Associated With Dual-Use Technologies: Two is Enough to Have a Fight; It Takes More to Keep the Peace
Dr. Valery Spector and Merrill Walter

 

117

 

 

Papers Presented at the Second National Academy of Sciences-Russian Academy of Sciences Joint Meeting on Dual-Use Technologies, May 26-29, 1992

 

121

   

A Conceptual Approach to Addressing Dual-Use Technologies: A Framework for U.S.-Russian Dialogue
Glenn Schweitzer

 

123

   

Joint Concept of U.S. and Russian Provisions for the Ensurance of Global Stability Under Conditions of the New World Order
General Oleg Rogozin (retired) and Dr. Valery Spector

 

131

   

Basic Trends in the Development of Mechanisms for Controlling the Export of Dual-Use Products
General Remir Stepanov (retired)

 

139

   

Control of Dual-Use Technologies: A Businessman's Recommendation for Preserving the Military and Economic Security of the United States
J.D. Rittenhouse

 

147

   

The Justification for Establishing in Russia a Commission on Non-Proliferation of Potentially Strategically Dangerous Technologies
General Oleg Rogozin (retired)

 

155

   

Main Goals of the Proposed Commissions of the Cabinet of Russian Ministers on the Containment of Potentially Strategically Dangerous Technologies and Weapons
Valery N. Spector

 

161

   

Application of Verification to Dual-Use Technology Export Controls and Related Issues
Dr. John Harvey

 

163

   

Critical Professions and Categories of Scientists and Engineers, Principles of the Professional and Social Motivation of Their Activities, and Rational Employment Under Conditions of Science Conversion in Russia
Dr. Yuriy Vershinin

 

177

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1994. Dual-Use Technologies and Export Control in the Post-Cold War Era. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2270.
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This book arises from a joint NAS-Russian Academy of Sciences program to explore possible new approaches to the control of sensitive dual-use technologies, with respect to expanded trade between Western advanced industrialized countries and the republics of the former Soviet Union as well as to the export trade of the Russian and other CIS republics with countries of proliferation concern.

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