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Copyright 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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COMMITTEE ON DUAL-USE TECHNOLOGIES
ROLAND W. SCHMITT (Chairman), President Emeritus,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
ALAN G. CHYNOWETH, Vice President for Applied Research (retired),
Bellcore, Inc.
LINCOLN D. FAURER, Lieutenant General (retired),
U.S. Air Force,
President and Chief Executive Officer,
Corporation for Open Systems
SEYMOUR E. GOODMAN, Professor of Management Information Systems and Policy,
College of Business and Public Administration, The University of Arizona
JOHN E. HARVEY, Director,
Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University
ROBERT A. SPRAGUE, Division Staff Engineer,
GE Aircraft Engines
MITCHEL B. WALLERSTEIN, former Deputy Executive Officer,
National Research Council,
currently Deputy Assistant Secretary for Counterproliferation,
U.S. Department of Defense
Staff
PETER K. MACDONALD, Program Specialist,
Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research Council
JOHN J. MODZELEWSKI, Program Officer,
Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research Council
MICHAEL R. STARKENBURG, Technical Editor,
Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research Council
PREFACE
This publication reports the results of a one-year joint program between the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on dual-use technologies and export control. The goal of the program has been to define a balance between the conflicting demands of controlling the spread of technology for strategically dangerous armaments while encouraging the spread of technology for economic growth and development.
The program, which ran from December 1991 to December 1992, had its origins in the two major reports on U.S. national security export controls* which the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering prepared in 1987 and 1991, respectively, at the request of the U.S. Congress and a number of executive branch agencies. The more recent efforts of the Commonwealth of Independent States to join Western economic and security regimes created the impetus for this current effort.
With the exception of a joint statement of the NAS and the RAS, the views expressed in this document are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of either the NAS or the RAS.
The NAS expresses its appreciation to the Russian Academy of Sciences for its cooperation throughout the program. Special thanks are owed to Major General William Bums (retired), leader of the NAS delegation on its exploratory mission to Moscow; Dr. Roland Schmitt, Chairman of the NAS delegation; Academician Gennadiy Mesyats, Chairman of the Russian delegation; Dr. Mitchel B. Wallerstein, former Deputy Executive Officer, National Research Council, and current Deputy Assistant Secretary for Counterproliferation, U.S. Department of Defense; and Mr. Glenn Schweitzer, former Director, Office for Central Europe and Eurasia, National Research Council and current Director of the International Science and Technology Center in Moscow. Financial support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Case Studies |
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Economic Incentives, Conversion, and Dual-Use Technologies: The Case of Russia |
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