Index
A
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), 27, 68, 84
Adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), 43
Adhesives, 65, 66, 73, 75, 82-83, 102
Aerosols, 38
Agarose, 38
Aircraft and aviation applications, 5, 9, 16, 17, 23, 27, 29, 65, 68, 75, 87, 88, 105, 153
military, 28, 29-30, 31, 88, 101
Albumin, 35
Alloys, see Blends and alloys
Amino acids, 32, 42-43, 44, 132
Antistatic agents, 67
Aramids, 90
Aryl-phosphine-oxide materials, 76
Atomic force microscope (AFM), 150
Automated clinical analyzer (ACA) systems, 37
Automobiles, 5, 9, 23, 26-27, 28, 65, 68, 85, 86, 105
B
Barrier polymers, 92-94
Basic and long-term research, 3, 4, 12, 13, 16
Benzocyclobutene (BCB), 49, 75
Biocompatibility, 33-34, 39, 102
Biocomposites, 44-45
Biodegradation, 25, 39, 83, 114, 132
Bioelastomers, 44
Biological polymers, 1-2, 6, 42-45, 159
characterization of, 140, 141, 150-152
collaborative and interdisciplinary research, 4, 7, 45-46
Biological systems and processes, 2, 6, 32-33, 43, 136-137
see also Biological polymers
Biomimetic materials, 35
Biopolymers, see Biological polymers
Block copolymers, 38, 42, 76, 120, 123-125, 158
Bottles, 23, 25, 67, 72, 93-94, 114
C
Capillary zone electrophoresis, 150
Carbon-based polymers, see Organic polymers
Catalysts and catalysis, 2, 6, 72, 104, 123
CERAMERS, 103
Ceramics, 7, 36, 54, 65, 103, 104
Chain architecture, 2, 9, 42, 43, 44, 117-123, 138
isomerism, 120-123
length, 119-121
sequence control, 120
topology, 117
Characterization of polymers, 6, 72, 73, 139, 152-153
biopolymers, 140, 141, 150-152
microscopy, 2, 6, 43, 143, 146-148
molecular, 139-144
solid-state structure and properties, 140, 141, 146-148
solutions, melts, and elastomers, 140, 141, 144-146
surfaces and interfaces, 140, 141, 148-150
CHEMFETS, 53
Chemical structures and processes, 2, 32, 66, 67, 114, 115
adhesives, 82-83
sensor devices, 52-54
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 24, 28
Chromophores, 59
Coatings, 53, 65, 73, 92, 98-100, 102, 104, 105, 110, 111
Collaborative research, 3-4, 5-6, 7
see also Interdisciplinary studies and research
Commodity polymers, 3, 5, 46, 65, 68, 79, 113
Communications technologies, 2, 5, 32, 46-47, 61, 63, 107
see also terms listed under Electronics
Compact disk (CD) technology, 57-58, 63, 106
Composites, 17, 27, 28, 30, 36, 48, 54, 65, 67, 75, 90, 104
Computation and simulation, 2, 6, 142, 152, 153-155, 162-168
Concrete-plastic, 27
Conducting polymers and synthetic metals, 50-52, 63, 91
Conjugated polymers, 127
Construction, see Housing and construction materials
Contact lenses, 33, 37, 73, 102
Containers, see Packaging and containers
Contraceptive implants, 38
Controlled-release materials, 53, 92
Coordination catalysis, 121
Corrosion-resistance, 30-31
Cross-linking, 37, 44, 67, 127
Crystallinity, 44, 67, 80, 156
see also Liquid crystalline polymers
Cuprophan, 35
Curriculum development and guidelines, 19, 21
Cyanates, 75
D
Defense, see Military and defense applications
Degradation of waste materials, 23, 24, 25
Dental applications, 33, 35-36
Depth profiling, 148-149
Desalinization of water, 95, 96
Dextrans, 38
Dextrin, 82-83
Diagnostic applications, 37-38
printed circuit boards, 46, 47, 48
Diffusion-controlled systems, 38
Dimethacrylates, 36
Diodes, see Light-emitting diodes
Dispersion processing, 110-111
Disposable diagnostic kits, 37-38
Disposal of materials 3, 6-7, 10, 23, 24, 25, 139
see also Recycling
controlled-release, 38-41, 95, 104, 109
E
Education in polymer science, 4, 18-22, 83
see also Universities
Elastomers, 28, 67, 73, 76-78, 82, 85, 102
see also Bioelastomers;
Fluoroelastomers
Electronics, 2, 4, 5, 7, 32, 52
see also Compact disk technology;
Conducting polymers and synthetic metals;
Dielectrics;
Electrophotography;
Integrated circuits;
Light-emitting diodes;
Multichip modules;
Photonics;
Printed circuit boards;
Resist materials;
Semiconductors;
Sensors;
Silicon chips
Electron spin resonance, 43
Electron tomography, 146-147
Electrotransport systems, 39
Emulsion polymerization, 111
End-group structure, 123-125
Energy consumption and savings, 2, 5, 10, 23, 24, 26-29, 63, 114
Energy devices and equipment, 29
Engineering plastics, 3, 5, 32, 65, 68-69, 114
Environmental applications and issues, 3, 7, 10, 22-26, 95, 109,111, 113
government policies, 6, 7, 99-100
see also Incineration;
Recycling
Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubbers, 78
Exports, see Trade and trade balances
Extrusion processes, 67, 72, 105, 107, 112
F
Fabrics, see Clothing;
Textiles and fabrics
Factory-built structures, see Prefabricated structures
Federal research funding, 3, 4, 10
see also National laboratories
Ferroelectric polymers, 54, 104
Fibers, 5, 48, 65, 66, 67, 72, 78-81, 90, 105
international competitiveness, 17
see also Textiles and fabrics
Films, 6, 17, 51, 53, 54, 59, 65, 67, 72, 78, 92, 103, 105, 107,159
see also Barrier polymers
Flammability resistance, 75-76, 107
Flocculants, 111
Fluorescent imaging, 144
Fluoropolymers, 33, 46, 47, 54, 102, 130
"Folding problem," 152
Force-field simulation, 163-165
Foreign corporations, 16-17
Foreign expenditures for research, 3, 12
Fracture mechanics, 114
Free radical polymerization, 121, 122
Fuel cells, 28
Funding for research and development, 1, 2, 3-4, 5, 6, 11-16
government sources, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11
industry sources, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12-16, 57
and international competitiveness, 3, 10, 12, 16, 17
G
Gel electrophoresis, 150
Gel spinning, 72
Gelation, 73
Genetic engineering, 34, 120, 132
Geometrical isomers, 120-121
Glass and glass fibers, 17, 23, 37, 47, 48, 67, 75, 89, 104
see also Fiber optics
Global competition, see International competitiveness
Government policies and legislation, 3, 5, 10
Government research support, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11
see also National laboratories
H
Health applications, see Medical applications
High-density polyethylene (HDPE), 70, 72, 108
Homopolymers, 42
Household furnishings, 26, 27, 65, 105
Housing and construction materials, 5, 10, 26, 27, 88-89
see also Household furnishings
Hydrogel, 37
Hydrophones, 54
Hyperbranched macromolecules, 117
I
Implants and prostheses, 3, 9, 33, 34-37, 102
for controlled drug delivery, 38, 39, 63
Imports, see Trade and trade balances
Industry
collaboration with universities, 4, 5, 12, 14, 22
research facilities and groups, 3, 5, 10, 12, 16
research support and priorities, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12-16, 57
see also Manufacturing and production technologies;
Processing methods
Informational polymers, 33, 42-43
Information technology applications, 5, 32, 46-47, 63, 153
see also Compact disk technology;
Conducting polymers and synthetic metals;
Dielectrics;
Electronics;
Electrophotography;
Holography;
Light-emitting diodes;
Photonics;
Resist materials;
Sensors
Injection molding, 105-107, 137
Inorganic polymers, 2, 9, 100-104, 133-137
network-forming, 135-136
Insulators, 29, 46, 48, 49-50, 65, 102
Interdisciplinary studies and research, 6, 32, 138, 152-153
see also Collaborative research
International competitiveness, 1, 2-3, 10, 16-17, 63, 65, 153
and research funding, 3, 10, 12, 16, 17
Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs), 50-51
K
Kevlar, 10, 29, 89, 108, 109, 161
L
Laboratories, see National laboratories
Lateral force microscope (LFM), 150
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), 3, 59, 61, 63
Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), 72, 117
Liquid crystalline polymers, 27, 45, 63, 67, 77, 79, 80, 89-92, 104
theory, 156-157
see also Pattern formation;
Photolithography;
Resist materials
Long-term research, see Basic and long-term research
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 70, 71, 72
Lyotropic polymers, 89-90
M
Manufacturing and production technologies, 3, 5, 6, 10, 65-66, 115
environmental and health issues, 3, 7, 10, 23, 24
inorganic polymers, 100-104
structural polymers, 66-92
see also Processing methods
Mechanical properties and processes, 6, 46, 51, 66, 114, 147, 161-162
blends and alloys, 84-86
elastomers, 77-78
Medical applications, 2, 4, 5, 6, 33-34, 35, 37, 39, 54, 63, 102, 104, 114
see also Dental applications;
Diagnostic
applications;
Drugs;
Implants and prostheses
extrusion, 67, 72, 105, 107, 112
molding, 105-107
solid-state forming, 108
Membranes, 38, 92, 94-98, 102, 104
international competitiveness, 95
Merrifield-type synthesis, 43
Metallocenes, 72
see also Conducting polymers and synthetic metals
Microbial synthesis, 131-132
Microelectronics and micromachinery, 54, 55, 63
Microporous materials, 35, 40, 95, 104
Microspheres, 38
Military and defense applications, 2, 5, 10, 29-31, 105
Modeling, 6, 73, 153-155, 162-168
processing methods, 6, 105, 110, 112-113, 115, 153
Molding and molding materials, 17, 67, 72, 105-107, 112, 137
Molecular structures and processes, 1, 6, 9-10, 33, 42, 43, 65, 66, 72
and processing, 106, 107, 109, 112-113
characterization of, 139-144
elastomers, 78
see also Chain architecture;
End-group structures
Monomers, 2, 9, 39, 42, 49, 62, 137
Monte Carlo statistical methods, 165-166
Multichip modules (MCMs), 47, 49
N
National defense, see Military and defense applications
National laboratories, 3, 5, 10, 152
Natural polymers, see Biological polymers
Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), 146
Nematogenic polymers, 90-91
Neuronal tissue, 34
Neutron scattering, 144
NICALON, 103
Nitrile, 82
Nitrosoureas, 39
NOMEX, 108
Nonaqueous dispersion (NAD), 110, 111
Nondestructive testing, 61, 83
Nonlinear polymers, 58-59, 104
Nonprofit organizations
Novolac, 47
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, 73, 142-143, 150
Nucleating agents, 67
Nylon acrylamide, 38
O
Ocular materials and implants, 33, 34, 37, 38
Optical technologies, 46, 58-59, 91, 104
see also Compact disk technology;
Electrophotography;
Fiber optics;
Holography;
Photonics
''Optical tweezers," 43
Organic polymers, 2, 9, 23, 47, 50-51, 100
Organometallic macromolecules, 133, 134, 136
ORMOCERS, 103
P
Packaging and containers, 5, 24, 27, 33, 46, 65, 67-68, 72, 84, 92-94, 114, 132
Paint, see Coatings
Pattern formation, 55-56
Petroleum derivatives, 9, 23, 65, 114
Phosphorylcholines, 35
Photodegradation, 25
Photoduplication, 59-61
Poled polymeric systems, 59
Pollution, see Disposal of materials;
Environmental applications and issues
Polyacetals, 50, 51, 68, 75, 127
Polyamides, 33, 51, 69, 82, 85, 100
Polyanhydrides, 38
Polyaryl sulfones, 106
Polybenzimidazoles, 108
Polyborazines, 136
Poly(butylene terephthalate), 27, 85
Polycarbonate, 27, 33, 57-58, 67, 68, 69, 84, 85, 96, 106
Polycarbosilanes, 136
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), 96, 102
Polyesters, 25, 33, 47, 67-68, 73, 75, 79, 82, 84, 89, 94, 100, 109
Poly(ether urethanes), 38
Polyethylene, 2, 10, 46, 51, 67, 69-70, 82, 84, 93, 100, 125, 130
medical applications, 33, 35, 37
Poly(ethylene oxide), 100
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), 27, 35, 59, 67, 68, 94, 107,114
Polyfuran, 51
Poly-HEMA hydrogel, 37
Polyheteroaromatic vinylenes, 51
Polyimides, 49, 75, 82, 96, 130
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 150
Polymerization, development of new methods for, 132
Polymer Recycling Consortium, 25
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), 35, 37, 55, 57, 86, 100, 103
Polynucleic acids, 43
Polyols, 123-125
Polyoxymethylene, 100
Poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide), 109
Polypeptides, 32, 38, 43, 100, 120
Poly(phenylene oxide), 27, 84, 85
Poly(phenylene sulfide), 69, 75
Poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV), 51, 52, 59, 127
Polyphosphazenes, 78, 102, 104, 133, 134
Polypropylene, 35, 67, 68, 82, 86, 93, 125, 130
Polysilanes, 102-103, 133, 134-135
Polysilazanes, 136
Polysiloxanes, 78, 100, 102, 104, 133, 135
Polystyrene, 38, 67, 76-77, 84, 85, 86, 100
Polysulfide elastomers, 35
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene), 35, 54, 110
Poly(trimethylsilyl propyne), 92
Polyurethanes, 33, 34, 35, 73, 124
Poly(vinyl chloride), 25, 35, 67, 86, 93, 100, 121
Poly(vinylidene fluoride), 54, 121
Powder dispersion, 110-111
Precollege education, 21
Prefabricated structures, 26, 27
Pressure-sensitive adhesives, 82
Primary education, 21
Printed circuits boards (PCBs), 46, 47, 48
Processing methods, 18, 66, 91, 104-105
computer-assisted design, 6, 112
dispersion, 110-111
environmental issues, 7, 23, 109, 110
fibers, 80-81
films, membranes, and coatings, 92-100, 110
and international competition, 17
melt, 105-108
modeling, 6, 105, 110, 112-113, 115, 153
reactive, 137
research needs, 6, 72, 73, 75, 105-106, 110
solution, 108-110
Prostheses, see Implants and prostheses
Pumps, for controlled drug delivery, 38
R
Raman spectroscopy, 143-144
Rayon, 108
Reaction injection molding (RIM), 137
Recreational applications, 9, 31, 65
Resist materials, 54-57, 63, 121
Rheology, 100, 106, 107, 112, 113, 115, 144
liquids, 160-161
Ribosome assemblies, 43
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), 69, 119, 125
RNA (ribonucleic acid), 33, 42, 43, 150
Rotational molding, 72
Rotaxanes, 117
Rubber products, 5, 35, 65, 66, 75, 78, 82, 90, 111
see also Elastomers
S
Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), 146, 147, 151
Semiconductors, 49, 50, 53-55, 56, 57
Silane, 36
Silicate cement, 36
Silicones, 2, 9, 17, 34, 57, 82, 100, 101, 133
medical applications, 33, 34, 35
rubbers, 35
Simulation, see Computation and simulation;
Modeling
Skin grafts and replacement, 34, 102
Sol-gel processing, 135-136
Solution processing, 108-110, 155
Spandex, 73
Specialty polymers, 2, 3, 5, 46-47, 57, 108
international competitiveness, 17, 65
Spectra, 29
Stabilizers, 67
Starch-based polymers, 2, 25-26, 83
Steel substitutes, 27, 28, 30, 88, 104, 109
Structural polymers, 5, 42, 66, 66-67, 114
see also Adhesives;
Blends and alloys;
Elastomers;
Fibers;
Liquid crystalline polymers;
Plastics
Surface forces apparatus (SFA), 149
Surfaces and interfaces, 60, 114, 158, 159
and biological processes, 34, 38
blends and alloys, 84-85
Surlyn, 37
Synthesis control and development, 6, 18, 116-117, 132-133, 138-139
chain architecture, 117-123, 138
conjugated polymers, 127
end-group structure, 123-125
polymerization, 132
inorganic polymers, 133-137
reactive processing, 137
supramolecular chemistry, 137-138
surface modification, 129-131
thermal stability, 125, 127, 128
Synthetic rubber, see Elastomers
T
Tactile sensors, 54
TCNQ, 50
Telechelic polymers, 123-125
Textbook development, 19
Textiles and fabrics, 5, 10, 23, 67, 105
see also Clothing
Theory, 2, 6, 18, 153-155, 167-168
dynamics and properties, 159-162
states of matter, 155-159
Thermal properties, 6, 47, 49, 51, 54, 108
Thermoplastics, 60, 65, 67-73, 105
Thermotropic polymers, 89, 90, 106
Titansiloxane, 103
Top surface imaging, 56-57
Trade and trade balances, 2, 3, 5, 9, 16, 113
see also International competitiveness
Transdermal drug delivery, 38, 39, 40
Transmission electron microscope (TEM), 146
Transportation and transportation equipment, 2, 5, 10, 26-29
U
Ultrasonic transducers, 54
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and imaging, 46, 56, 60, 143
Undergraduate education, 18
Universities, 3, 4, 8, 10, 18-19
collaboration with industry, 4, 5, 12, 14, 22
research budgets and funding, 10, 12, 14
V
Vascular grafts and prostheses, 33, 34, 35
Vinyl pyrrolidone, 37
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 98
Vulcanizates, 73
W
Water purification and desalinization, 95, 96, 111, 115
X
X-ray radiation and imaging, 56, 144-146, 147, 148, 150
Xanthum gum, 30
Z
Ziegler catalysts, 78