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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
×

VOICE
COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN
HUMANS
AND
MACHINES

David B. Roe and Jay G. Wilpon, Editors

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy Press
Washington D.C. 1994

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
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Page ii

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS * 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. * Washington, D.C. 20418

This volume is based on the National Academy of Sciences' Colloquium on Human-Machine Communication by Voice. The articles appearing in these pages were contributed by speakers at the colloquium and have not been independently reviewed. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Voice communication between humans and machines / David B. Roe and Jay G. Wil pon, editors.
p.   cm.
Based on a colloquium sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-309-04988-1
1. Automatic speech recognition. 2. Man-machine systems.
I. National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
TK7882.S65V62  1994
006.4'54—dc20
94-29114
CIP

Copyright 1994 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
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Page iii

Acknowledgments

The editors would like to thank the many authors who contributed to this book. Without their insights and hard work this book would not have been possible. We also thank Lawrence Rabiner, who inspired and helped organize the NAS-sponsored Colloquium on Human/Machine Communication by Voice. The efforts of Irene Morrongiello, who was instrumental in coordinating every aspect of the manuscript, and Martina Sharp, who made formatting changes to keep the style similar between the diverse contributions of the authors, are gratefully appreciated.

We wish to thank many anonymous reviewers who made generous comments on the chapters.

Finally, this book would not have been possible without the support of our wives, Carol Roe and Sandy Wilpon.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
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Page v

Contents

Dedication

1

Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines— An Introduction

Lawrence R. Rabiner

5

SCIENTIFIC BASES OF HUMAN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION BY VOICE

Scientific Bases of Human-Machine Communication by Voice

Ronald W. Schafer

15

The Role of Voice in Human-Machine Communication

Philip R. Cohen and Sharon L. Oviatt

34

Speech Communication—An Overview

James L. Flanagan

76

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
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Page vi

SPEECH SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGY

 

Computer Speech Synthesis: Its Status and Prospects

Mark Liberman

107

Models of Speech Synthesis

Rolf Carlson

116

Linguistic Aspects of Speech Synthesis

Jonathan Allen

135

SPEECH RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY

 

Speech Recognition Technology: A Critique

Stephen E. Levinson

159

State of the Art in Continuous Speech Recognition

John Makhoul and Richard Schwartz

165

Training and Search Methods for Speech Recognition

Frederick Jelinek

199

NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING TECHNOLOGY

The Roles of Language Processing in a Spoken Language Interface

Lynette Hirschman

217

Models of Natural Language Understanding

Madeleine Bates

238

Integration of Speech with Natural Language Understanding

Robert C. Moore

254

APPLICATIONS OF VOICE-PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY I

A Perspective on Early Commercial Applications of Voice-Processing Technology for Telecommunications and Aids for the Handicapped

Chris Seelbach

275

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
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Page vii

Applications of Voice-Processing Technology in Telecommunications

Jay G. Wilpon

280

Speech Processing for Physical and Sensory Disabilities

Harry Levitt

311

APPLICATIONS OF VOICE-PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY II

Commercial Applications of Speech Interface Technology: An Industry at the Threshold

John A. Oberteuffer

347

Military and Government Applications of Human-Machine Communication by Voice

Clifford J. Weinstein

357

TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT

 

Deployment of Human-Machine Dialogue Systems

David B. Roe

373

What Does Voice-Processing Technology Support Today?

Ryohei Nakatsu and Yoshitake Suzuki

390

User Interfaces for Voice Applications

Candace Kamm

422

TECHNOLOGY IN 2001

 

Speech Technology in the Year 2001

Stephen E. Levinson and Frank Fallside

445

Toward the Ultimate Synthesis/Recognition System

Sadaoki Furui

450

Speech Technology in 2001: New Research Directions

Bishnu S. Atal

467

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
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Page viii

New Trends in Natural Language Processing: Statistical Natural Language Processing

Mitchell Marcus

482

The Future of Voice-Processing Technology in the World of Computers and Communications

Yasuo Kato

505

Author Biographies

515

Index

525

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences. 1994. Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2308.
×

Page ix

VOICE
COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN
HUMANS
AND
MACHINES

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Science fiction has long been populated with conversational computers and robots. Now, speech synthesis and recognition have matured to where a wide range of real-world applications—from serving people with disabilities to boosting the nation's competitiveness—are within our grasp.

Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines takes the first interdisciplinary look at what we know about voice processing, where our technologies stand, and what the future may hold for this fascinating field. The volume integrates theoretical, technical, and practical views from world-class experts at leading research centers around the world, reporting on the scientific bases behind human-machine voice communication, the state of the art in computerization, and progress in user friendliness. It offers an up-to-date treatment of technological progress in key areas: speech synthesis, speech recognition, and natural language understanding.

The book also explores the emergence of the voice processing industry and specific opportunities in telecommunications and other businesses, in military and government operations, and in assistance for the disabled. It outlines, as well, practical issues and research questions that must be resolved if machines are to become fellow problem-solvers along with humans.

Voice Communication Between Humans and Machines provides a comprehensive understanding of the field of voice processing for engineers, researchers, and business executives, as well as speech and hearing specialists, advocates for people with disabilities, faculty and students, and interested individuals.

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