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Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
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OCR for page 243
Glossary
Advection Usually horizons Art of air or water, as a current.
Anticline A fold or arch of stratified rock whose layers bend
downward from the crest and whose core contains strati
graphically older rocks.
Baroclinicity A condition in which surfaces of equal pressure are in
clined to surfaces of equal density.
Ben~os The organisms that live in or on Be bottom of water
bodies. Hence Antic.
Brookian A local term indicating geological age applied to nor
~ern Alaska.
Cambrian The earliest period of the Paleozoic era, thought to have
covered Be span of time between 570 and 500 million
years ago.
Made up of fragments of pre-ex~sting rocks.
Coriolis force Apparent force due to Earths rotation Hat deflects mo
ving objects to He right in the northern hemisphere and
to He left in He southern hemisphere. The magnitude of
force increases as one moves toward He poles.
243
OCR for page 244
244 OCS DECISIONS: ALASKA
Cretaceous The final period of Me Mesozoic era (after He Jurassic
and before the Tertiary period of He Cenozoic era),
drought to have covered He time span between 135 and
65 million years ago.
Cryology The study of snow and ice.
Danian The lowest (oldest) division of He Tertiary period.
Deformation A general term for He processes of folding, faulting,
shearing, compression, or extension of a material such
as a rock or sea ice.
Devonian
A period of He Paleozoic era (after He Silurian and
before He Mississippian), Nought to have covered He
span of time between 400 and 345 million years ago.
Eocene An epoch of He early Tertiary period, after He Pale
ocene and before He Oligocene.
Foredeep A deep depression in He ocean bottom fronting a
mountainous land area.
Frazi! ice
Ice chisels or granules sometimes resembling slush that
are formed in supercooled turbulent water. When these
ice crystals float to He surface, Hey form a layer of
fine-grained, granular ice.
Geostrophic Resulting from a balance between He pressure gradient
force and He Coriolis force (as in He geostrophic windy.
Graben
A depressed segment of He Earn' s crust bounded on at
least two sides by faults and generally of greater length
Han width.
Halocline A location in He water column where there is a
usually sharp vertical gradient in salinity.
OCR for page 245
GLOSSARY 245
Hydrography The science of describing the waters of the Earth's
surface comprising the study and mapping of their forms
and physical features; i.e., the contours of the sea
bottom, shallows, winds, tides, and currents.
Lead A long narrow open water opening passing through a
region of sea ice navigable by surface vessels and air
breathing mammals. It is often said that the difference
between a crack and a lead is that one can row a boat
down a lead.
Littoral Of, relating to, on, or near a shore, especially of the
sea.
Maestrichtian
Marine
boundary layer
Miocene
Oligocene
Of, pertaining to, or designating the uppermost division
of the Upper Cretaceous in Europe. It immediately
underlies the Danian stage.
The region of the atmosphere over He sea where heat,
moisture, and momentum are exchanged by turbulent
transfer between the sea surface and the air. The layer' s
depth varies, typicalRy from a few hundred to a thousand
meters.
An epoch of the Tertiary period, after the Oligocene and
before the Pliocene.
An epoch of the Tertiary period after He Eocene and
before He Miocene.
Orographic Of or relating to mountains, especially wig respect to
dleir location, distribution, and accompanying phenom
ena (e.g., orographic lifting of air).
Pelagic Of, relating to, or living in the open sea or in midwater;
not associated with the benthos.
Pleistocene An epoch of the Quaternary period, after He Pliocene of
He Tertiary and before He Holocene.
OCR for page 246
246 OCS DECISIONS: ALASKA
Pliocene An epoch of tile Tertiary period, after the Miocene and
before He Pleistocene
Polynya A large area of open water or atypically thin ice in a
location Rat is surrounded by sea ice and where
climatologically sea ice should occur. The term is
commonly applied to a persistent feature.
Reservoir rock A subsurface volume of porous and permeable rock in
which of! or gas has accumulated.
Rift A long, narrow continental trough bounded by normal
faults.
Silurian A period of Be Paleozoic era, thought to have covered
We span of time between 440 and 400 million years ago.
Slump The sliding down of a mass of sediment shordy after its
deposition on an underwater slope, especially He
downsiope flow of soft unconsolidated marine sediments
at He head or along He side of a submarine canyon.
Source rock The geological formation in which oil and gas originate.
Stradgraphic A chronological succession of sedimentary rocks from
sequence older below to younger above, essentially without inter
ruption.
Subsea Completion of an of! well win the wellhead at the sea
completion floor.
Synthetic A technique in which numerical procedures are used to
Aperture generate high-resolution radar images. For the proce
Radar cure to work, the radar move at a known rate (e.g., on
an airplane or satellite) over He terrain to be imaged.
Taxon A group of organisms classified according to presumed
(pi. taxa) evolutionary relationship. Examples of taxa include phy
lum, family, genus, species.
OCR for page 247
GLOSSARY 247
Tectonic Of or relating to deformation of Me Earths crust, We
forces involved in or producing such deformation, and
He resuldng rock structures and external forms.
Tertiary The first period of Be Cenozoic era, Fought to have
covered the span of dine between 65 and 2 million years
ago.
Transgression The spread of the sea over land areas; any change that
brings offshore, deep-water environments to areas
occupied by nearshore, shallow-water conditions, or that
shifts He boundary between marine and nonmarine de
position outward from He center of a marine basin.
OCR for page 248
Representative terms from entire chapter:
sea ice
