NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

This project was supported by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG05-85ER 13326, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NAGW-3282, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-9100088, and the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. PHY-8921799 and PHY-9222966. Partial support for this project was provided by the Basic Science Fund of the National Academy of Sciences, whose contributors include AT&T Bell Laboratories, Atlantic Richfield Foundation, BP America, Inc., Dow Chemical Company, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, IBM Corporation, Merck and Company, Inc., Monsanto Company, and Shell Oil Companies Foundation.

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Cover: Scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA) image of magnetic domains in a patterned permalloy memory array. (Courtesy of J. Unguris, D.T. Pierce, and R.J. Celotta, National Institute of Standards and Technology.)