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OCR for page 151
Index
acceptable daily intake (ADI)
aldicarb, 12
arsenic, 123
p-dichlorobenzene, 27
aldicarb, 9, 10-12
acute effects, 11
ADI, 12
anticholinesterase activity, 10-12
carcinogenicity, 11
chronic effects, 11
human health effects. 10-11
metabolism, 10
mutagenicity, 11, 99
SNARL, 12, 98
teratogenicity, 11
anticholinesterase compounds (see
aldicarb; carbofuran; methomyl)
arrhythmias, cardiac, 75
arsenic, viii. 1, 7, 118-123
carcinogenic risk estimate, 122
essentiality, 121, 123
lung canecr, 118
maximum contaminant level, 121
asbestos, viii, 1, 7. 123-144
amosite, 127,130-131, 142
animal e~cpenments, 141-143
asbestosis, 127
aspect ratio, 125
carcinogenic risk estimate, 126-144
|51
chrysotile, 130-131,137,141, 142
Connecticut, 135-136
Duluth, 124, 134-135
endometrial cancer, 137
exposures, 123, 124-125
lung cancer, 123, 126-127, 129, 137
mesothelioma, 123,125,127, 140-141,
143-144
gastrointestinal cancer, 7, 123, 126-138,
140-141, 144
laryngeal cancer, 127
oral cancer, 127
Puget Sound area, 137-139
renal cancer, 127
San I:rancisco Bay area, 125, 13~137
serpentine rock, 125, 136
atropine
treatment for aldicarb toxicity, 11
treatment for carbofuran toxicity, 13
"blackfoot" disease, 119, 121
blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 35, 47~8
Canadian asbestos workers and GI cancer,
128
cancer
endometrium, 137
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1 52 INDEX
gastrointestinal tract, 7, 123, 126-144
kidney, 127
lung, 118, 123, 126-127, 129, 137
larynx, 127
mesothelioma, 123, 125, 127, 140-141,
143-144
oral cavity, 127
skin. 118-122
(see also carcinogenic risk estimates;
carcinogenicity; and individual
compounds)
carbofuran, 9, 12-15
acute effects. 14
anticholinesterase activity, 12-14
carcinogenicity, 15
chronic effects, 14
human health effects, 13-14
metabolism, 13
mutagenicity, 14-15, 99
SNARL, 15
teratogenicity, 15
carbon tetrachloride, 9, 15-18
acute effects, 16- 17
carcinogenicity, 17
chronic effects, 17
human health effects, 16
metabolism, 16
mutagenicity, 17, 99
teratogenicity, 17-18
, .
carclnogenesls
somatic mutation theory, 5
carcinogenic risk estimates, vii, 2
arsenic, 122
asbestos, 126-145
chlorobenzene, 21-22, 98
hexachlorobenzene, 55-56, 98
1,1,1 -trichloroethane, 77-78, 98
trichloroethylene, 83-84, 98
vinyl chloride, 89-90
(see ado cancer; carcinogenicity)
. . .
carc~nogen~c~ty
aldicarb, 11
arsenic, 118-123
asbestos, 125-141
carbofuran, 15
carbon tetrachloride, 17
chlorobenzene, 20-21
o-dichlorobenzene, 24
p-dichlorobenzene, 27
1,2-dichloroethane, 31
1,1-dichloroethvlene, 37-39
1,2-dichloroethylene, 43
dichloromethane. 45
dinoseb, 48
hexachlorobenzene. 54-56
methomyl. 59
picloram. 62
risk assessment procedures, 4
rotenone, 68-69
sufficient evidence for, 3-4
tetrachloroethylene, 73
1,1.1 -trichloroethane. 76-77
trichloroethylene. 82-83
uranium, 94-95
vinyl chloride. 88-89
(see also cancer; carcinogenic risk
estimates; models, mathematical;
tumor incidence data)
cardiac arrhy~hmias. 75
cardiovascular d~ sfunctions. 119
chlorinated ethylenes (see 1,1 -
dichloroethylene; tetrachJoroethylene;
trichloroethylene)
chlorobenzene. 9, 18-22
acute effects, 19-20
carcinogenic risk estimates, 21-22. 98
carcinogenicity, 20-21
chronic effects, 20
human heatth effects. 19
metabolism, 18- 19
mutagenicity, 20. 99
SNARL, 22.98
teratogenicit>, 22
TLV, 20
tumor incidence, 21
chronic toxicity, 97-98
aldicarb, 12
o-dichlorobenzene, 24
p-dichlorobenzene, 26-27
1,1-dichloroethylene, 39-40
dinoseb, 49
methomyl, S9-60
picloram, 62-63
rotenone, 70
uranium, 96-97
Connecticut, GI cancers and asbestos
exposure, 135-136
cube powder, 66-67. 69
cytochrome P450, role in metabolism of
carbon tetrachloride, 16, 17
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Index 153
ehlorobenzene, 20
1,2-diehloroethane, 29
1,2-diehloroethylene, 41
diehloromethane, 44
hexaehlorobenzene, 52
1,1,1 -triehloroethane, 75-76
triehloroethylene, 79, 82
vinyl chloride, 86
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and
mutagenicity, 5, 15
derris root (see rotenone)
diabetes
carbon tetraehloride toxicity, 17
uranium treatment effects, 93
diehloroaeetic acid, 41, 80
o-diehlorobenzene, 9, 22-27
acute effcets, 23-24
eareinogenieity, 24
chronic effects, 24
human health effects, 23
metabolism, 23
mutagenicity, 24, 99
SNARL, 24-25, 98
teratogenieity, 24
p-diehlorobenzene, 9, 25-27
acute effects, 26
ADI, 27
eareinogenieity, 27
chronic effects, 26-27
human health effects, 26
metabolism, 25-26
mutagenicity, 27, 99
SNARL, 27, 98
teratogenieity, 27
1,2-diehloroethane, 9, 28-32
eareinogenieity, 31
human health effects, 30
metabolism, 28-30
mutagenicity, 30-31, 99
teratogenieity, 31
1,1,1 -triehloroethane and, 28
Vinyl chloride, 28
diehloroethanol, 41
1,1-diehloroethylene, 9, 32-40
acute effcets, 34-35
eareinogenieity, 37-39
chronic effcets, 35-36
human health effects, 33-34
hepatotoxieity, 34-35, 40
mean daily consumption, 40
metabolism, 32-33
mutagenicity, 36-37, 99
SNARL, 39-40, 98
teratogenieity, 39
nv 32
1,2-diehloroethylene, 9, 40-43
acute effcets, 41-42
eareinogenieity, 43
chronic effcets, 42
human health effcets, 41
metabolism, 40-41
mutagenicity, 42-43, 99
SNARL. 98
teratogenieity, 43
dichloromethane, 9, 43-46
eareinogenieity 45
human health effects, 44
metabolism, 43-44
mutagenicity, 44-45, 99
teratogenieity, 45-46
nv 44
dinoseb, 9, 46-49
acute effcets, 47
careinogenieity, 48
chronic effcets, 47-48
human health effects, 47
metabolism, 46-47
mutagenicity, 48, 99
SNARL, 49, 98
teratogenieity, 49, 98
DNA (see deoxyribonuleie acid)
Duluth, Minnesota, asbestos in water
supply, 124, 134-135
Environmental Protection Agency
Ambient Water Quality Criteria
Document, 139
arsenic drinking water standard,
120-122
asbestos in drinking water survey, 124
Carcinogen Assessment Group, 122
Safe Drinking Water Act, ',ii
epidemiologieal studies
arsenic, 1, 7, 118-123
asbestos and Gl eaneer, 123, 126-141
(see ado human health effcets under
individual chen~icals)
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54 INDEX
Fairbanks, Alaska, arsenic levels in
drinking waler, 120-121
Furadan O~ ca~uran)
ga~esdnal (G1) caners and asbestos
exposure, 7, 123, 126-144
health Is in humans
aldi=~, 10-11
Ionic, 118-123
asbestos, 123- 144
cajun, 13- 14
capon tel~chloride, 16
chlorobenzene, 19
o-dichiorobenzene, 23
p-dichlom~n~ne. 26
1,2-di~l~hane, 30
1,1-di~l~hy~ne, 33-~
1,2-di~l~hylene, 41
dichlo~hane,
ding, 47
hexachlorobenzene, S1-52
methomyl, 57
p~l~, 61
rotenona,
1~mchlo~thylene,
1,1,1 -trichlor~thane,
thchlo~thylene, 80-81
viny1 chloride, 86
uranium, 93
health ^us in ~her s~cies
aldi=~, 11
carb~uran, 14-15
ce~on teuachlodde, 16-18
chlombenzene, 19-22
o-dichlorobenzene, ~-24
p-dichlombenzene, 26-27
1,2-di~l~-e, 30-31
1,1-dichlo~thylene, 34-39
1,2-dichlo~thylene 41-43
dichlommetbane, =-46
dino~b, 47-49
hexachlombenzene, 52-56
methomyl, 58-59
pklomm, 61-62
mtenone, ~-69
t~chlo~thylene, ~-~
1,1,1 -trichlo~thane, ~-78
thchlo~thylene, 81-~
vinyl chlodde, 86-~
uranium, 94-96
hepalotoxicity
=-n t~mch~, 16- 18
~l~n~ed ~hy~nes, 71
chlorobenzene, 19, 22
~-dichlorobenzene, 26-27
1,1-di~e, ~-36,
1,1,1 -trichlor~thane, 76
td~lo~thylene, 81
hexachlombenzene, 9, 49-56
acule ~us, 52
carcin~enic Msk e~imale, 55-56. 98
ca~in~nid~, ~-55
chronic e~s, 52-53
human heakh effec1s, 51-52
metabolism, 50-51
m~i-, ~, ~
po~hyrinogenic eHecls, S2-53, 56
SNA^, 98
1e~enid~, 56, 98
tumor incidence, 54-55
Lake Superior, asbestos in drinking water,
124, 125, 134-135
~ne County, Oregon, arsenic in drinking
water, 120
liquid peroxidation (LPO), carbon
etrachloride eSu, 16-18
~ndon asbeslos workers and GI cancer,
128
lung cancer
asenicoxposure, 118
asbe~os exposure, 123, 126-127, 129,
137
me~hehoma, "be~os-0ber~ndu~d, 123,
1~, 127, 140-141, 143-144
metabolism
aldi~, 10
carbefuran, 13
~, 16
chlorobenzene, 18-19
o-di~lomben~ne, 23
p-dichlombenzene, 25-26
1,2-di~io~ane, 28-30
1,1-di~hyl~e, 32-33
1,2-di~l~-ene, ~1
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Index 155
dichloromethane, 43-44
dinoseb, 46-47
hexachlorobenzene, 50-S1
in humans compared to laboratory
animals, 3
methomyl, 57
picloram, 60
rotenone, 64
tetrachloroethylene, 71
1,1,1·trichloroethane, 74-75
trichloroethylene, 79-80
uranium, 92-93
vinyl chloride, 8~-86
methom~l, 9, 57-60
acute effects. 57
anticholinesterase activity, S1
carcinogenicity. 59
chronic effects. 58
human health effects, 57
metabolism, 57
mutagenicity, 58-59, 99
SNARL, 59.98
teratogenicity, 59
methyl chloroform (see
1,1, 1 -triehloroethane)
models, mathematical, viii
additive model for asbestos exposure,
126-127, 144
GI cancer from asbestos ingestion, 7,
127-134
linear dose-effcet model for asbestos
exposure, 128-130
multiplicative model for asbestos
exposure, 126-127, 143-144
"one-hit"model for arsenic exposure,
122
multistage model for ehlorobenzene
exposure, 21
multistage model for 1,1,1-
triehloroethane exposure, 77
monoehloroethylene (see vinyl chloride)
mutagenicity
aldiearb, 11, 99
earbofuran, 14-15, 99
carbon tetraehloride, 17, 99
ehlorobenzene, 20, 99
o-diehlorobenzene, 24, 99
p-diehlorobenzene, 27, 99
1,2-diehloroethane, 30-31, 99
1,1-diehloroethylene, 36-37, 99
1,2-diehloroethylene. 42-43, 99
dichloromethane, 44-45, 99
dinoseb, 48. 99
hexachlorobenzene. 54, 99
methomyl, 58-59, 99
pieloram, 61, 99
rotenone, 67-68, 99
short-term tests, 5-6
tetraehloroethylene, 72-73, 99
1,1,l-triehloroethane, 76, 99
trichloroethylene, 81-82. 99
uranium. 96, 99
vin~l chloride. 86-87, 99
I`IADPH (see nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate)
lSeu Jersey asbestos workers
GI cancer. 128
lung cancer, 127
Neu York asbestos workers and GI cancer,
128
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate, 30, 75
numerical risk assessments (see
eareinogenic risk estimates)
picloram, 9, 60-63
acute effcets, 61
eareinogenieity, 62
ehronie effcets, 61
human health effcets, 61
metabolism, 60
mutagenicity, 61, 99
SNARL, 62-63, 98
teratogenieity, 62
polyethylene exposure, 52
porphyrinogenicity, hexachlorobenzene,
52-53, 56
protein synthesis inhibition, by
o-diehlorobenzene, 24
Puget Sound area, asbestos in drinking
water, 137-139
ribonueleie aeid (RNA) inhibition, by
o-diehlorobenzene, 24
risk assessments (see carcinogenic risk
estimates)
RNA (see ribonucleic acid)
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156 INDEX
rotenone, 9, 63-70
acute effects, 64-65
carcinogenicity, 68-69
chronic effects, 66-67
human health effects, 64
metabolism, 64
mutagenicity, 67-68, 99
SNARL, 70, 98
subchronic effects, 65-66
teratogenicity, 69, 98
Safe Drinking Water Act, 1974
(PL 93-523), vii, 149
1977 Amendments, vii, 149
San Francisco Bay area, California,
asbestos in drinking water, 125,
136-137
Seattle, Washington, asbestos in drinking
water, 125
(see also Puget Sound area)
skin cancers, arsenic exposure, 1 18-122
SNARL (see suggested no-adverse-response
level)
somatic mutation theory of carcinogenesis,
s
suggested no-adverse-response level
acute, Yiii, 2
aldicarb, 12, 98
chronic, ~riii, 1-3, 97, 98
o-dichlorobenzene, 24-25, 98
p-dichlorobenzene, 27, 98
1,1-dichloroethylene, 39-40, 98
dinoseb, 49, 98
methomyl, 59-60, 98
picloram, 62-63, 98
rotenone, 70, 98
1,1,1-trichloroethane, 78
t~chloroethylene, 8S, 98
uncertainty factors used in calculations,
2
uranium, 96-97, 98
Sultan River, asbestos in drinking water,
137
Taiwan, arsenic levels in drinking water,
1 19-122
teratogen, definition, 6
teratogenicity
aldicarb, 11
carbofuran, 15
carbon tetrachloride, 17-18
chlorobenzene, 22
o-dichlorobenzene, 24
p-dichlorobenzene, 27
1,2-dichloroethane, 31
1,1-dichloroethylene, 39
1,2-dichloroethylene, 43
dichloromethane, 45-46
dinoseb, 48-49
hexachlorobenzene, 56
methomyl, 59
picloram, 62
rotenone, 69
tests for, 6-7
tetrachloroethylene, 73
1,1,1-trichloroethane, 18
tuchloroethylene, 84-85
uranium, 96
vinyl chloride, 89-90
tetrachloroethylene, 9. 70-74
acute effects, 72
carcinogenicity, 73
chronic effects, 72
human health effects, 72
metabolism, 71
mutagenicity, 72-73, 99
teratogenicity, 73
threshold limit value (TLV)
carbon monoxide, 44
chlorobenzene, 20
1,1-dichloroethylene, 32
toluene diisocyanate, o-dichlorobenzene
used in manufacture, 22
2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid, metabolite of
1,1,1-trichloroethane, 74
1,1,1-trichloroethane, 9, 28, 32, 74-78
acute effects, 75-76
carcinogenic risk estimate, 77-78, 98
carcinogenicity, 76-78
chronic effects, 76
1,2-dichloroethane, 28
human health effects, 75
metabolism, 74-75
mutagenicity, 76, 99
SNARL, 78, 98
teratogenicity, 78
tumor incidence, 77
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Index 157
2,2,2-trichloroethanol, metabolite of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, 74
trichloroethylene, 9, 79-85
acute effects, 81
carcinogenic risk estimate, 83-84, 98
carcinogenicity, 82-83
chronic effects, 81
human health effects, 80-81
metabolism, 71, 79-80
mutagenicity, 81-82, 99
SNARL, 85
teratogenicity, 84-85
tumor incidence, 83
tumor incidence data, 2
chlorobenzene, 21
1,2-dichloroethane, 31
1,1-dichloroethylene, 37-38
hexachlorobenzene, S4-55
1, 1,1-trichloroethane, 77
trichloroethylene, 83
(see also carcinogenicity)
uranium, 9, 90-97
acute effects, 94
chronic effects, 94-95
human health effects, 93
metabolism, 92-93
mutagenicity, 96, 99
SNARL, 96-97, 98
teratogenicity, 96
U.S. asbestos workers and GI cancer, 128
Utah, arsenic in drinking water, 120-121
vinyl chloride, 9, 85-90
acute effects, 86
carcinogenicity, 88-89
chronic effects, 86
chronic exposure, 33-34
1,2-dichloroethane, 28
human health effects, 86
metabolism, 85-86
mutagenicity, 86-87, 99
teratogenicity, 89-90
vinylidene chloride (see
1, 1 -dichloroethylene)
Washington State, asbestos in drinking
water, 137-139
OCR for page 158
Representative terms from entire chapter:
drinking water
