Measuring Poverty: A New Approach

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Measuring Poverty: A New Approach (1995)
Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education (CBASSE)

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. "2 POVERTY THRESHOLDS." Measuring Poverty: A New Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1995.

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Measuring Poverty: A New Approach

TABLE 2-5 Examples of Poverty Thresholds for Four-Person Families Set by Various Methods for Years Around 1980 and 1990, in Constant 1992 Dollars

Type and Source of Threshold	Thresholds Set for Years Around 1980	Thresholds Set for Years Around 1990
Expert Budget Thresholds
Official (Orshansky 1963 threshold indexed by CPI-U)	14,228	14,228
Orshansky 1963 threshold indexed by CPI-U-X1	13,082	13,082
Orshansky food multiplier developed from CEX data	16,163 (1980)	20,659 (1991)
Ruggles housing multiplier	21,331 (1980)	21,640 (1992)
Weinberg/Lamas food/housing multiplier—25th percentile	N.A.	20,267 (1989)
Weinberg/Lamas food/housing multiplier—35th percentile	N.A.	21,790 (1989)
BLS lower level budget	19,587 (1981)	N.A.
Renwick budget^a	N.A.	17,600 (1992)
Schwarz and Volgy budget	N.A.	18,983 (1990)
Relative Thresholds
Vaughan one-half median before-tax four-person family income	20,715 (1980)	22,308 (1992)
Vaughan one-half median after-tax four-person family income	16,629 (1980)	18,018 (1992)
Expert Committee on Family Budget Revisions social minimum	15,584 (1979)	19,987 (1991)^b
Subjective Thresholds
Vaughan "poverty"	15,895 (1980)	17,703 (1989)
General Social Survey "poverty"	N.A.	17,228 (1993)
Colasanto et al.	12,160 (1981)	N.A.
Danziger et al.^c	24,680 (1980)	N.A.
De Vos and Garner^d	32,530 (1982)	N.A.
SOURCE: See Tables 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, and text. NOTE: All thresholds are after-tax unless otherwise noted; dates in parentheses are the year for which the threshold was developed; all amounts are expressed in constant 1992 dollars using the CPI-U (except the second one, as noted). ^a Renwick threshold calculated as weighted average of thresholds for two-adult/two-child families with one earner and two earners. (Weighting assumes that 75% of two-adult/two-child families have two earners and that one-third of those pay for day care.) ^b Calculated as one-half average (rather than median) expenditures of four-person consumer units. ^c Survey question did not specify whether respondents were to indicate minimum income level before or after-taxes. ^d Survey question asked respondents to indicate minimum income level before-taxes.