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Effects of Past Global Change on Life (1995)

Chapter: REFERENCES

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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1995. Effects of Past Global Change on Life. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4762.
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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1995. Effects of Past Global Change on Life. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4762.
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Page 170
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1995. Effects of Past Global Change on Life. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4762.
×
Page 171
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1995. Effects of Past Global Change on Life. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4762.
×
Page 172
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 1995. Effects of Past Global Change on Life. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4762.
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Page 173

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THE LATE CRETACEOUS AND CENOZOIC HISTORY OF VEGETATION AND CLIMATE AT NORTHERN AND 169 SOUTHERN HIGH LATITUDES: A COMPARISON southward migration of many taxa and permanent disappearance from high latitudes of mesothermal forms. Superimposed on the poleward and equatorward migrations with warming or cooling trends were significant vegetational changes such as the increase of Pinaceae and Salicaceae in high latitudes and development of an evergreen, mixed conifer forest community (including Pinus, Picea, and Tsuga). During the final cooling stages, the taiga forest community developed and, subsequently, the tundra. Possible Future Changes Geological evidence such as that presented here shows that at times of global warmth, plant productivity and carbon sequestering are high in both Arctic and Antarctic regions. Should there be a future increase in mean global temperature, tundra will be replaced by conifer forest, which in continental interiors may well retain an evergreen component. However in coastal settings, where winter temperatures are likely to be ameliorated by the ocean, deciduous conifers and angiosperms are likely to fare better. This has profound implications for future forestry. Understanding the structure and dynamics of polar forests, by using the past natural systems as models, underscores the value of polar paleobotanical studies and provides a blueprint for engineered high latitude ecosystems designed for carbon capture. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This review is largely based on a presentation at a symposium, arranged by the Geophysics Study Committee, at the 1990 annual meeting of Geological Society of America. We appreciate the helpful comments of our reviewers, Drs. Charles J. Smiley and Thomas N. Taylor, and Stephen R. Jacobson for an earlier review. R.A.A gratefully acknowledges support of a National Science Foundation grant (DPP 9019378), and R.A.S. the support of a NERC grant (GR3/7939). REFERENCES Archangelsky, S. (1980). 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What can we expect as global change progresses? Will there be thresholds that trigger sudden shifts in environmental conditions—or that cause catastrophic destruction of life?

Effects of Past Global Change on Life explores what earth scientists are learning about the impact of large-scale environmental changes on ancient life—and how these findings may help us resolve today's environmental controversies.

Leading authorities discuss historical climate trends and what can be learned from the mass extinctions and other critical periods about the rise and fall of plant and animal species in response to global change. The volume develops a picture of how environmental change has closed some evolutionary doors while opening others—including profound effects on the early members of the human family.

An expert panel offers specific recommendations on expanding research and improving investigative tools—and targets historical periods and geological and biological patterns with the most promise of shedding light on future developments.

This readable and informative book will be of special interest to professionals in the earth sciences and the environmental community as well as concerned policymakers.

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