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Environmental Medicine: Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education
E
Committee and Staff Biographies
DAVID P.RALL, M.D., Ph.D., (Chairman) is the former Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. He received his M.D. and Ph.D. in Pharmacology from Northwestern University. He served as pharmacologist and later chief of the Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology at the National Cancer Institute, and as Adjunct Professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He has authored and co-authored over 170 published papers relating to comparative pharmacology, cancer chemotherapy, blood-brain barrier, blood CSF barrier, pesticide toxicology, and drug research and regulation. He is a member of the Institute of Medicine, the Society of Toxicology, the American Association of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, the American Association for Cancer Research, and the Society for Occupational and Environmental Health. He is also a recipient of the Society for Toxicology’s Arnold J. Lehman Award.
M.BROWNELL ANDERSON, M.Ed., is Assistant Vice President of Educational Programs for the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Division of Educational Policy. Ms. Anderson is responsible for the design, implementation, and maintenance of a database of curriculum and evaluation activities in all 143 medical schools in North America. She is also the Executive Secretariat of the Group on Educational Affairs and the Research in Medical Education Conference Planning Committee; the Project Director of Assessing Change in Medical Education, a Charles E.Culpeper Foundation Grant; a Faculty Member for the AAMC’s Generalist Education Workshop and Curriculum
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Change—Introduction to Problem-Based Learning Workshop; and Executive Secretariat for the Society of Medical College Directors of Continuing Medical Education.
ELIZABETH L.BOWEN, M.D., Ed.D., is an Assistant Professor of Family Medicine and Medical Education at Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Bowen is also the past president of Physicians for Social Responsibility—the American Chapter of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War—for which she has traveled across the globe promoting world health and world peace. In 1992, Dr. Bowen was selected to travel to the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro as a presenter and medical consultant for the United States. In recognition of her achievements and dedication, the students of Morehouse School of Medicine elected her “Teacher of the Year—1992.”
L.THOMPSON BOWLES, M.D., Ph.D., is President of the National Board of Medical Examiners. Dr. Bowles previously served as Vice President for Medical Affairs, Executive Dean, and Professor of Surgery at the George Washington University Medical Center. Dr. Bowles has also been actively involved in examining the status of medical curricula in the United States and the need for flexibility and change to meet the growing needs of the future through numerous publications and presentations. Dr. Bowles is a member of the Institute of Medicine
EDDY A.BRESNITZ, M.D., M.S., is Chairman and Professor of Community and Preventive Medicine and Director of the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine at the Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University School of Medicine. Dr. Bresnitz is an NHLBI Preventive Pulmonary Academic Awardee (PPAA) and Chair of the PPAA Curriculum Subcommittee. Dr. Bresnitz is a consultant to the ATSDR and serves on the Postgraduate Education Committee of the American Thoracic Society. In addition to research interest in surveillance of environmental and occupational diseases, he has research interests in faculty development in implementing innovations in medical education. He has received a Lindback Foundation Award for Teaching.
MARK R.CULLEN, M.D., is Director of the Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program and Professor of Medicine and Public Health at the Yale University School of Medicine. His research interests include lead, asbestos, isocyanates, multiple chemical sensitivities, and, more generally, the application of biomarkers of effects in epidemiologic studies. Co-author of a major clinical text in OEM, Dr. Cullen is an Academic Awardee in OEM and is a consultant to several major unions, corporations, and governmental agencies.
RICHARD J.JACKSON, M.D., M.P.H., is Chief of the Division of Communicable Disease Control in the California State Department of Health Services. Dr. Jackson
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previously served as the Chief of the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Branch for the California Environmental Protection Agency. Dr. Jackson has also served as an expert advisor to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Childhood Lead Poisoning and for ATSDR on the Training for Primary Care Physicians on Toxicologic Hazards. Dr. Jackson has also written extensively and given congressional testimony on such issues as pesticides in children’s diets, risk assessment, and the environmental hazards and impacts on children and reproductive health.
KARL T.KELSEY, M.D., M.O.H., is an Associate Professor of Occupational Medicine in the Occupational Health Program, and an Associate Professor of Radiobiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Kelsey has been the principal investigator for the Department of Energy and NIEHS for several projects on ionizing radiation in nuclear medicine and the susceptibility to genetic damage from Butadiene. His other research interests include the use of laboratory methods in epidemiologic research for the study of occupational and environmental mutagen exposures in humans, DNA damage, and cancer risk.
HOWARD M.KIPEN, M.D., M.P.H., is an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental and Community Medicine and Director of the Division of Occupational Medicine at the Environmental/Occupational Health Sciences Institute of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. His research on sensitivities to low level chemical exposures is supported by the NIEHS. Dr. Kipen has worked extensively on educating physicians and the community on environmental and occupational risks through numerous articles, in addition to making presentations across the country on the role of the environment on health. He serves numerous federal advisory committees, is President of the Occupational and Environmental Medical Association of New Jersey, and is on the board of Directors of the Center for Safety in the Arts. Dr. Kipen is also an Academic Awardee in Environmental and Occupational Medicine from NIEHS.
SHARON L.MORRIS is Director of Continuing Education at the School of Public Health and Community Medicine and a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Environmental Health at the University of Washington. Ms. Morris is also the Director of the Hazardous Substance Continuing Education program at the Department and has conducted research to evaluate the effectiveneness of health and safety training of construction painters. Her other interests include occupational safety and health policy and political issues. Ms. Morris is currently on leave from the University to serve as a Special Assistant to the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in Washington, D.C.
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KATHLEEN M.REST, Ph.D., M.P.A., is an Assistant Professor in the Occupational Health Program in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center and an Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Massachusetts School of Public Health. Dr. Rest has extensive experience in curriculum and faculty development in occupational and environmental medicine, having directed one of the first federally funded programs in this area for primary care physicians. She is the recipient of a University of Massachusetts grant for innovation in medical education and is a founding member of the Boston-based Consortium for Environmental Education in Medicine (CEEM). She served as a consultant on the IOM report on the Role of the Primary Care Physician in Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Dr. Rest’s research interests focus on policy issues in occupational and environmental health.
DONALD E.WILSON, M.D., M.A.C.P., is Dean of the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Dr. Wilson has served as Chairman of the National Digestive Diseases Advisory Board of the National Institute of Health; Chairman of the Food and Drug Administration’s Gastrointestinal Drugs Advisory Committee; and Chairman of the Advisory Council of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research for DHHS. In 1993, Dr. Wilson was chosen as one of the six Association of Academic Health Centers’ Scholars in Administration and Health Policy. Dr. Wilson is a member of the Residency Review Committee for Internal Medicine of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education and the U.S. Department of Education Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Accreditation. He is a master of the American College of Physicians and a member of the Institute of Medicine.
LIAISON TO THE COMMITTEE
EULA BINGHAM, Ph.D., is Professor of Environmental Health in the College of Medicine at the University of Cincinnati. Dr. Bingham also serves as a trustee for the Natural Resources Defense Council and the Greater Cincinnati Occupational Health Clinic. She is also Director of the Ohio Hazardous Substance Institute and is a member of the Institute of Medicine. Her research interests are in environmental health, occupational safety and health, and chemical carcinogenesis. Dr. Bingham has served in numerous public-sector positions including: Department of Labor (Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health, National Institute for Safety and Health study section), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Food and Drug Advisory Commission, Environmental Health Advisory Commission), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Science Advisory Board). Dr. Bingham has also served as a member of several committees and boards for the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, and Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bingham is a recipient of the Rockefeller
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Foundation Public Service Award and the American Public Health Association Alice Hamilton Award.
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE STAFF
ANDREW M.POPE, Ph.D., is a Senior Staff Officer and Study Director in the Institute of Medicine’s Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. His interests focus on the human health effects of environmental and occupational exposures, with expertise in physiology, toxicology, and epidemiology. As a Research Fellow in the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dr. Pope’s research focused on the neuroendocrine and reproductive effects of various environmental substances in food-producing animals. During his tenure at the National Academy of Sciences, and since 1989 at the Institute of Medicine, Dr. Pope has directed and edited numerous reports on environmental and occupational issues, such as: biologic markers in reproductive toxicology, neurotoxicology, indoor allergens, injury control, disability prevention, environmental medicine in medical school education, and environmental health in nursing education, practice, and research.
CARRIE E.INGALLS, B.A., is a Project Assistant in the Institute of Medicine’s Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. She is currently working on studies examining the role of environmental health education in medical school with the Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine and in nursing education with the Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice. Having graduated from the University of Richmond in 1993 with a degree in International Studies concentrating on politics, diplomacy, and health, Ms. Ingalls is finishing her M.P.H. at the George Washington University in Health Policy and Programs.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
environmental medicine
