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Biographical Memoirs
Biographical Memoirs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
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Biographical Memoirs
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Biographical Memoirs
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Biographical Memoirs
VOLUME 67
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1995
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Biographical Memoirs
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER0-309-05238-6
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER0077-2933
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER5-26629
Available fromNATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Biographical Memoirs
CONTENTS
PREFACE
vii
ROBERT KYLE BURNS BY JAMES MURRAY
3
WILLIAM B. CASTLE BY JAMES H. JANDL
15
PRESTON CLOUD BY JOHN C. CROWELL
43
ANDRÉ FRÉDÉRIC COURAND BY EWALD R. WEIBEL
65
JACOB PIETER DEN HARTOG BY STEPHEN H. CRANDALL
101
PAUL HUGH EMMETT BY WALTER S. KOSKI
119
KURT OTTO FRIEDRICHS BY CATHLEEN SYNGE MORAWETZ
131
HERBERT SPENCER GASSER BY MERRILL W. CHASE AND CARLTON C. HUNT
147
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Biographical Memoirs
DAVID ROCKWELL GODDARD BY RALPH O. ERICKSON
179
CHARLES ROY HAUSER BY CHARLES K. BRADSHER
201
CLARENCE LEONARD (KELLY) JOHNSON BY BEN R. RICH
221
HAROLD LESTER JOHNSON BY GERARD H. DE VAUCOULEURS
243
TJALLING CHARLES KOOPMANS BY HERBERT E. SCARF
263
ROWLAND PETTIT BY JOHN C. GILBERT
293
ALFRED C. REDFIELD BY ROGER REVELLE
315
JOHN MILTON ROBERTS BY WARD H. GOODENOUGH
331
ERNEST ROBERT SEARS BY RALPH RILEY
345
BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER BY HOWARD RACHLIN
363
LEE IRVIN SMITH BY VIRGIL BOEKELHEIDE
379
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Biographical Memoirs
PREFACE
On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good.
The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject's work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America—an important part of our nation's contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world.
PETER H. RAVEN
Home Secretary
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Biographical Memoirs
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