Investing in the National Research Initiative: An Update of the Competitive Grants Program in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (1994)

Dale E. Bauman (chairman) is professor of nutritional biochemistry in the Department of Animal Science at Cornell University. He received his undergraduate and masters' degrees from Michigan State University and his Ph.D. in nutrition-biochemistry from the University of Illinois. Prior to his appointment at Cornell University, he was a faculty member of the Department of Dairy Science at the University of Illinois. His research areas include regulation of nutrient use in bovine lactation, growth, and pregnancy and bovine mammary gland biology. Bauman and his colleagues crystallized the concept of homeorhesis, the process of long-term regulation of nutrient use during a particular physiological state such as lactation. He has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1988.

Philip H. Abelson was, from 1962 to 1984, the editor of Science and since 1984 has been Science's deputy editor for science and engineering. Abelson has B.S. and M.S. degrees from Washington State University and a Ph.D. degree in nuclear physics from the University of California at Berkeley. He was affiliated with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California, from 1946 to 1978. Among his principal scientific achievements, he was the first American to identify products of uranium fission (1939); co-discovered, with E. M. McMillan, neptunium (1940); developed the liquid thermal diffusion process to separate uranium isotopes (1942–1944); and produced a series of studies on the fate of organic chemicals in geological settings leading to petroleum and natural gas formulations (1960–1970). He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1959.

John M. Antle is a professor in the Department of Agricultural Economies and Economics at Montana State University. His research areas and teaching fields include environmental and natural resource issues in agriculture, econometric analysis of agricultural production, international economics, and economic development. He joined the university as an associate professor in 1987. From 1989 to 1990 he served as a senior economist on the President's Council of Economic Advisers, where he was responsible for agricultural, trade, and environmental policy. He received his B.S. degree at Albion College and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in economics from the University of Chicago.

William B. Delauder became the eighth president of Delaware State University in 1987. Prior to assuming this post, he served as dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. His B.S. degree is from Morgan State College and his Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry from Wayne State University. He conducted research in physical biochemistry at the Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire du C.N.R.S. in France as a postdoctoral fellow from 1969 to 1971. His research on the physical properties of macromolecular systems and on the fluorescence properties of proteins has been published in leading scientific journals. In 1990 he was appointed to the National Advisory Council of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health.

Susan K. Harlander is the director of dairy foods research and development at Land O'Lakes, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota. She holds an M.S. degree in microbiology and a Ph.D. degree in food science from the University of Minnesota. Harlander was on the faculty at the University of Minnesota from 1985 to 1992 when she left to join Land O'Lakes, Inc. Harlander initiated and coordinated the First International Symposium on Biotechnology in the Food Processing Industry in 1985. In Washington, she serves as a member of the Science and Education Advisory Committee (1992–1994) and the Agricultural Biotechnology Research Advisory Committee (1992–1994) for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Richard R. Harwood has held the C. S. Mott Foundation Chair of Sustainable Agriculture at Michigan State University's Department of Crop and Soil Sciences since 1990. From 1985 to 1990 he was director of the Asian Program for Winrock International, Morrilton, Arkansas. Major accomplishments include conceptualizing and implementing the International Rice Research Institute's cropping systems program, which focused on farmer-collaborative research, and developing research methodologies including the "land equivalent ratio" for evaluating intercrop systems. He received his M.Sc. and his Ph.D. degrees in plant breeding from Michigan State University. His areas of expertise in-

clude small-farm agricultural systems in the humid tropics and methods for biological integration of agronomic systems.

T. Kent Kirk is director of the Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Technology of the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL), Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), in Madison, Wisconsin; USDA professor in the Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and adjunct professor in the Department of Wood and Paper Science, North Carolina State University. Kirk's current research includes the biochemistry and physiology of wood decomposition by fungi and the industrial application of fungi and enzymes. Kirk's B.S. degree in forestry is. from Louisiana Polytechnic Institute; M.S. and Ph.D. (biochemistry and plant pathology) degrees are from North Carolina State University. In 1988, Kirk was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

James R. Moseley is director of agricultural services and regulations at Purdue University and is Indiana's lead administrative authority for agricultural and regulatory functions located at Purdue University and for other organizations and programs that impact on the jurisdiction of this office. Moseley served for 2 years as assistant secretary of agriculture for natural resources and the environment, directing policies and supervising activities and programs of the U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. He also served as adviser to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1989–1990) concerning environmental issues directly affecting the agricultural industry. Moseley received a B.S. degree in horticulture from Purdue University. After graduation he began a farming operation that is now a grain and hog enterprise.

Norman R. Scott is vice president for research and advanced studies at Cornell University, responsible for the coordination of all research, including the oversight of patents, technology marketing, grants, and contracts. He received a B.S.A.E. degree with honors from Washington State University and a Ph.D. degree from Cornell University. He has been a member of the Cornell faculty since 1962 in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. Recent projects have included electronic applications in agriculture. Scott was elected technical vice-president of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers in 1989 for a 3-year term and is currently president (1993–1994). He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1990.

George E. Seidel, Jr., is a professor of physiology at Colorado State University. He joined the Department of Physiology in 1971 as assistant professor. From 1986 to 1987, he was a visiting scientist at the Whitehead Institute working in molecular biology; from 1978 to 1979 he was visiting associate professor in the Biology Department at Yale University working in develop-

mental biology. Before joining the faculty of Colorado State University, he was trained, as a research fellow, in electron microscopy in the Anatomy Department at Harvard Medical School (1970–1971). His B.S. degree is from The Pennsylvania State University and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in reproductive physiology are from Cornell University. Seidel was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1992.

Christopher R. Somerville is the director of the Department of Plant Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Stanford, California, and a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Stanford University. From 1982 until 1993 he was a faculty member in the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory. He earned his M.Sc. and his Ph.D. in genetics from the University of Alberta. His primary area of research is physiological genetics and biochemistry of lipid metabolism and membrane biogenesis in higher plants and molecular genetics of Arabidopsis. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1991.

Patricia B. Swan is vice provost for research and advanced studies and dean of the graduate college at Iowa State University (ISU) with administrative oversight of all graduate and research programs and technology transfer programs. She served as the U.S. Department of Agriculture's nutrition program coordinator for science and education (1979 to 1980) and program manager for competitive grants (1985 to 1986). Swan's research interests include nutrient metabolism, animal models for human genetic disease, and the history of research on nutritional biochemistry in the United States. Her B.S. degree is from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro and M.S. (nutrition) and Ph.D. (biochemistry and nutrition) degrees are from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

John R. Welser is vice president of the Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Research Divisions, and vice president of Animal Health Research and Biologics, for The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan. He has served on the faculties of Purdue University (1964 to 1970) and the University of Georgia (1970 to 1975). In 1975, he became the dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University and served in that capacity until 1983 when he joined The Upjohn Company. Welser received B.S., D.V.M., and M.S. (surgery and medicine) degrees from Michigan State University and a Ph.D. degree (veterinary anatomy and endocrinology) from Purdue University.

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