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phylogenic lineage, 97-98
Anticodon, origins, 26 , 37
Archaea, 15-16
Archaebacteria
characteristics, 11-12
classification, 11 , 21-22
in eubacteria-eukaryotic-prokaryotic lineage, 4 , 12-16
genome sequence, 18 , 21
ribozymology, 4-5
RNA polymerase subunits, 20
Arthropods
late Precambrian form, 102-103
phylogenetic lineage, 95 , 96-97
Asexual reproduction, 53
Atmospheric conditions
in Cambrian explosion, 102
primordial cyanobacteria, 55-56
B
Background selection, 276 , 277-282
Bacteria
chloroplast-mitochondria lineage in, 9
as prokaryotes, 6
reproductive rate, 251
See also E. coli
Bacteriophages
P1. See Framework P1 map
Qß , replication strategy, 28-29 , 30 , 33-34
Balanced selection, 196-197 , 199
Bilaterians
body plan evolution, 101
Vendian, 95 , 97 , 98-99
Biometrical science, iv
Bipedalism, 173-175
Bottleneck effect, 188-189 , 197-201 , 206
in human evolution, 203 , 204
Brachiopods, 98
Bradytelic evolution, 43
Simpson on, 53 , 131-132
Brome mosaic virus, 29
Burgess Shale
cnidarians in, 90
middle Cambrian diversity in, 91
C
Cambrian Period, 85
acritarch evolution, 69-80
annelids, 97-98
boundaries of explosion, 88-89 , 91
environmental factors in explosion, 102
gene expression in explosion, 103
metazoan body plans, 87 , 93
metazoan diversity before explosion, 85 , 99
metazoan faunas, 89-91
skeletal fossils, 90-91
Candelabra model, 202-203
Cauliflower mosaic virus, 33
CCA terminus, 3 , 28 , 31 , 35-37
Cell-type number, 92-93
Cenancestor
definition, 6
in eukaryote-prokaryote lineage, 10-11
genome structure, 18
Iwabe rooting, 13-15 , 16-20
macromolecular synthesis in, 25-26
obstacles to understanding, 20-22
Cephalopods, body plan, 98
Chance events, 251 , 267-268
Chloroplast
amino acid replacement in, 223-227
codon use, 220 , 229
complexity of genome evolution in, 229-231
eukaryote-prokaryote lineage, 7 , 9 , 21
in eukaryotic cell, 215
genome conservation, 216-217
genome structure, 213 , 215 , 216
genomic deletion events, 217-219
intron evolution, patterns of, 228-229
mutation patterns, 217-220
noncoding DNA in, 217-220 , 229
nucleotide substitution rate, 221-223
protein coding genes in, 220-223
pseudogenes, 217
research role, 230
