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Appendix I
Report From Mr. Melvin Barmat, Jansky/Barmat Telecommunications, Inc.
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TABLE 1
Comments on Potential Use
of Frequency Bands for a
New GPS Signal
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Table 1 Table of Potential Spectrum for New GPS Carrier
Band (MHz)
Disposition/Comment
Discussion
960-1215
May be Possible. Needs consultation with aeronautical interests.
This 255 MHz bandwidth is allocated on a worldwide basis to Aeronautical Radionavigation services. A wide number of civil and military aeronautical systems employ this band including DME, TACAN, JTIDS, TCAS, Mode-S, IFF, etc. However, the use of some of these systems may become obsolete because of widespread employment of GPS. Thus, bandwidth may become available in the future. Moreover, since a C/A code GPS-L4 would only need a few MHz of bandwidth, it would seem in the self-interest of the aeronautical community to make such a small amount of spectrum available.
1215-1240
Good Possibility. Needs further study, including GPS interaction and interference effects of radar
Worldwide allocation to Radiolocation and Radionavigation-Satellite services The GPS-L2 signal is located in this band at 1227.6 MHz. Since the P-code occupies ±10 MHz, the bands 1215-1217.6 MHz or 1237.6-1240 MHz may be available for the GPS-L4 signal. If 1 or 2 MHz of additional spectrum is needed, it may be available in one of the adjacent bands. However, the transmission and reception of two adjacent frequency signals (L2 and L4) often gives rise to intermodulation interference problems. Further study is obviously needed.
In addition, it may be possible to operate a C/A-code signal and a P-code signal co-frequency at 1227.6 MHz (L2), as it is done at 1575.42 MHz (GPS-L1).
In the U.S., the Radiolocation services are for U.S. government long-range air surveillance radars. Worldwide usage needs investigation.
Use of this band has the advantage of not requiring an allocation change via the ITU.
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1240-1260
Good Possibility. Needs detailed study including effect of radar on GPS signal.
Worldwide allocations to Radiolocation and Radionavigation-Satellite. The latter covers the L2 channel for Glonass. agreed to move Glonass frequencies down from their current band over the next several years. Thus, it is probable that several MHz at the high end of this band will be cleared out and could be used for GPS L4. However, the use of the co-frequency Radiolocation allocation needs further study to verify sharing potential. In the U.S. this band is assigned to DOD for radars and use may be extensive. However, it is encouraging to note that the band has been acceptable for Glonass L2. An advantage of this band for GPS L4 is that no new ITU allocation would be necessary. NASA uses this band on a secondary basis for earth-exploration satellites.
However, the Russian gov't has
1260-1300
Possible. Needs study, including radar effects.
Worldwide allocation to Radiolocation (radar). In the U.S., this band is assigned to DOD. Secondary amateur satellite service operates Earth-space in this band and could cause localized interference that would be difficult to uncover.
1300-1350
Low Possibility. Needs study, including radar effects.
This band is allocated worldwide to Aeronautical Radionavigation and is used for surveillance radars in air traffic control (ATC) in the U.S. Transponders on the aircraft are used for identification. It is believed this same use is worldwide. In U.S. and elsewhere, ATC surveillance radars may be partially replaced by Mode S systems in the future. Thus, in the long term it may be possible that several MHz of this band could be set aside for GPS L4.
There is a footnote asking administrations to protect the band 1330-1400 MHz for Radioastronomy. Space station emissions are noted to be particularly harmful to these observations.
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1350-1400
Questionable. Would need much study.
The band has a worldwide allocation for Radiolocation. The band is used for long range surveillance radars by the DOD and for air traffic control. There is also a Radioastronomy footnote, noted above (RR 718), and the fact that passive space research is conducted in 13701400 MHz (RR 720) would make this a difficult band for NAS to endorse. The U.S.G. is turning control of 13901400 MHz over to non-government use but notes problem of Radioastronomy. Also, the fixed and mobile allocations in Region 1 are potential sources of harmful interference to GPS-L4. Note that GPS L3 at 1381 MHz is in this band but its use is subject to restrictions.
1400-1427
Not Feasible
Primary allocations to Radioastronomy and Space Research (passive) make this band not feasible.
1427-1429
1429-1452
Probably not feasible Needs study.
Mobile and Fixed services are allocated worldwide in these bands. One of the ground rules established in this study is to not attempt to place a GPS receiver on a mobile vehicle where a co-frequency transmitter was possible. However, the U.S.G. will turn over control of 1427-1432 MHz to non-government use in about five years, although some government use will be grandfathered! Note that the adjacent band is allocated on a Primary basis to Radioastronomy.
1452-1492
Not Feasible
The current application of this band to the Broadcasting, Broadcasting-Satellite and Mobile services make this band not feasible for GPS-L4.
1492-1525
Not Feasible
The band is allocated to Mobile services worldwide and to Mobile Satellite (space-Earth) in Region 2. Either allocation would rule out its use for GPS-L4.
1525-1530 1530-1533
1533-1535
1535-1544
1544-1545
Not Feasible
Worldwide allocation to Mobile Satellite (space-Earth). These satellite transmissions would cause unacceptable interference to an L4 GPS receiver in the band.
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MHz
1530 - 1545
Allocation to Services
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
1530 - 1533
1530 - 1533
SPACE OPERATION
SPACE OPERATION (space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
MARITIME MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MARITIME MOBILE- SATELLITE
LAND MOBILE-SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
LAND MOBILE-
Earth Exploration-Satellite
SATELLITE
Fixed
(space-to-Earth)
Mobile 723
Earth Exploration-Satellite
Fixed
Mobile except
aeronautical mobile
722 723B 726A 726D
722 726A 726C 726D
1533 - 1535
1533- 1535
SPACE OPERATION
(space-to-Earth)
SPACE OPERATION (space-to-Earth)
MARITIME MOBILE-SATELLITE
MARITIME MOBILE- SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
Earth Exploration-Satellite
Earth Exploration-Satellite
Fixed
Fixed
Mobile except
Mobile 723
aeronautical mobile
Land Mobile-Satellite (space-to-Earth) 726B
Land Mobile-Satellite
(space-to-Earth) 726B
722 723B 726A 726D
722 726A 726C 726D
1535 - 1544
MARITIME MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
Land Mobile-Satellite (space-to-Earth) 726B
722 726A 726C 726D 727
1544 - 1545
MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
722 726D 727 727A
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MHz
1545 - 1613.8
Allocation to Services
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
1545 - 1555
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE-SATELLITE (R)
(space-to-Earth)
722 726A 726D 727 729 729A 730
1555 - 1559
LAND MOBILE-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
722 726A 726D 727 730 730A 730B 730C
1559- 1610
AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
722 727 730 731
1610 - 1610.6
1610 - 1610.6
1610 - 1610.6
MOBILE-SATELLITE
MOBILE-SATELLITE
MOBILE-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
AERONAUTICAL
AERONAUTICAL
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIODETERMINATION-
Radiodetermination-Satellite
SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
722 727 730 731
731E 732 733 733A
733B 733E 733F
722 731E 732 733
733A 733C 733D 733E
722 727 730 731E
732 733 733A 733B
733E
1610.6 - 1613.8
1610.6 - 1613.8
1610.6 - 1613.8
MOBILE-SATELLITE
MOBILE-SATELLITE
MOBILE-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIO ASTRONOMY
AERONAUTICAL
AERONAUTICAL
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIODETERMINATION-
Radiodetermination-Satellite
SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
722 727 730 731
731E 732 733 733A
733B 733E 733F 734
722 731E 732
733 733A 733C
733D 733E 734
722 727 730 731E
732 733 733A 733B
733E 734
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MHz
1613.8 - 1656.5
Allocation to Services
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
1613.8 - 1626.5
1613.8 - 1626.5
1613.8 - 1626.5
MOBILE-SATELLITE
MOBILE-SATELLITE
MOBILE-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
AERONAUTICAL
AERONAUTICAL
AERONAUTICAL
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION
Mobile-Satellite
RADIODETERMINATION-
Radiodetermination-Satellite
(space-to-Earth)
SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
(Earth-to-space)
Mobile-Satellite
Mobile-Satellite
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
722 727 722 722 727
731E 731F 733 731F
732 733A 733B
730 731E 730 732 733A
733 733E 733F 733B 733E
731 731F 732 731E 733
733C 733D 733A 733E
1626.5 - 1631.5
1626.5 - 1631.5
MARITIME MOBILE-
MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
Land Mobile-Satellite
(Earth-to-space) 726B
722 726A 726D 727 730
722 726A 726C 726D 727 730
1631.5 - 1634.5
MARITIME MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
LAND MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
722 726A 726C 726D 727 730 734A
1634.5 - 1645.5
MARITIME MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
Land Mobile-Satellite (Earth-to-space) 726B
722 726A 726C 726D 727 730
1645.5 - 1646.5
MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
722 726D 734B
1646.5 - 1656.5
AERONAUTICAL MOBILE-SATELLITE (R)
(Earth-to-space)
722 726A 726D 727 729A 730 735
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MHz
1656.5 - 1675
Allocation to Services
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
1656.5 - 1660
LAND MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
722 726A 726D 727 730 730A 730B 730C 734A
1660 - 1660.5
LAND MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
722 726A 726D 730A 730B 730C 736
1660.5- 1668.4
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
Fixed
Mobile except aeronautical mobile
722 736 737 738 739
1668.4 - 1670
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
FIXED
MOBILE except aeronautical mobile
RADIO ASTRONOMY
722 736
1670 - 1675
METEOROLOGICAL AIDS
FIXED
METEOROLOGICAL-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE 740A
722
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MHz
1675 - 1930
Allocation to Services
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
1675 - 1690
1675 - 1690
1675 - 1690
METEOROLOGICAL
METEOROLOGICAL
METEOROLOGICAL
AIDS
AIDS
AIDS
FIXED
FIXED
FIXED
METEOROLOGICAL-
METEOROLOGICAL-
METEOROLOGICAL-
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE except
MOBILE except
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
aeronautical mobile
aeronautical mobile
MOBILE-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
722
722 735A
722
1690 - 1700
1690 - 1700
1690 - 1700
METEOROLOGICAL
METEOROLOGICAL
METEOROLOGICAL
AIDS
AIDS
AIDS
METEOROLOGICAL-
METEOROLOGICAL-
METEOROLOGICAL-
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
Fixed
MOBILE-SATELLITE
Mobile except
(Earth-to-space)
aeronautical mobile
671 722 741
671 722 735A 740
671 722 740 742
1700 - 1710
1700 - 1710
1700 - 1710
FIXED
FIXED
FIXED
METEOROLOGICAL-
METEOROLOGICAL-
METEOROLOGICAL-
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
SATELLITE
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
(space-to-Earth)
MOBILE except
MOBILE except
MOBILE except
aeronautical mobile
aeronautical mobile
aeronautical mobile
MOBILE-SATELLITE
(Earth-to-space)
671 722
671 722 735A
671 722 743
1710 - 1930
FIXED
MOBILE 740A
722 744 745 746 746A
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TABLE 3
Sample Page of Footnotes from Article 8 of the
International Radio Regulations
714
Additional allocation: in Canada and the United States. the bands 1240 - 1300 MHz and 1350 - 1370 MHz are also allocated to the aeronautical radionavigation service on a primary basis.
715
Additional allocation: in Indonesia. the band 1300 - 1350 MHz is also allocated to the fixed and mobile services on a primary basis.
716
Alternative allocation: in Ireland and the United Kingdom, the band 1300 - 1350 MHz is allocated to the radiolocation service on a primary basis.
717
The use of the bands 1300 - 1350 MHz. 2700 - 2900 MHz and 9000 -9200 MHz by the aeronautical radionavigation service is restricted to ground-based radars and to associated airborne transponders which transmit only on frequencies in these bands and only when actuated by radars operating in the same band.
718
In making assignments to stations of other services, administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect the spectral line observations of the radio astronomy service from harmful interference in the band 1330-1400 MHz. Emissions from space or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio astronomy service (see Nos. 343 and 344 and Article 36).
719
WARC.92
In Bulgaria. Mongolia. Poland. the German Democratic Republic. Romania. Czechoslovakia and the U.S.S.R., the existing installations of the radionavigation service may continue to operate in the band 1350 -1400 MHz.
720
The bands 1370 - 1400 MHz. 2640 - 2655 MHz. 4950 - 4990 MHz and 15.20 - 15.35 GHz are also allocated to the space research (passive) and earth exploration-satellite (passive) services on a secondary basis.
721
All emissions in the band 1400 - 1427 MHz are prohibited.
722
In the bands 1400- 1727 MHz. 101 - 120 GHz and 197 - 220 GHz. passive research is being conducted by some countries in a programme for the search for intentional emissions of extra-terrestrial origin.
722A
WARC-92
Use of the band 1452 - 1492 MHz by the broadcasting-satellite service. and by the broadcasting service. is limited to digital audio broadcasting and is subject to the provisions of Resolution 528 (WARC-92).
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Representative terms from entire chapter:
aeronautical radionavigation
