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Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century (1995)

Chapter: Appendix E: Selected Bibliography

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Appendix E Selected Bibliography

ACIL: The Association of Independent Scientific, Engineering and Testing Firms. ACIL Newsletter (June 1994).

ACIL: The Association of Independent Scientific, Engineering and Testing Firms. Directory: A Guide to Leading Independent Testing, Research and Inspection Firms in America. 1992-1993 edition. Washington, D.C.: ACIL, 1992.

American Association for Laboratory Accreditation. A2LA 1994 Directory of Accredited Laboratories. Gaithersburg, Md.: A2LA, 1994.

American Association for Laboratory Accreditation and Standards Council of Canada. Mutual Recognition Agreement between the Standards Council of Canada (SCC) and the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA). Signed June 23, 1994.

American Association for Laboratory Accreditation. A2LA 1993 Annual Report. Gaithersburg, Md.: A2LA, 1993.

American Council of Independent Laboratories. ACIL 1993 Annual Report . Washington, D.C.: ACIL, 1993.

American Gas Association. American Gas Association Laboratories Information Booklet. Cleveland, Oh.: AGAL, 1994.

American National Standards Institute. American National Standards for Certification Z34.1. New York: ANSI, 1994.

American National Standards Institute. 1993 Annual Report. New York: ANSI, 1993.

American National Standards Institute. The U.S. Voluntary Standardization System: Meeting the Global Challenge. 2nd edition. New York: ANSI, 1993.

American National Standards Institute. Guidelines for Implementation of The ANSI Patent Policy. New York: ANSI, 1992.

American National Standards Institute. 1992 Annual Report. New York: ANSI, 1992.

American National Standards Institute. A Cooperative Standards-Setting Process will Contribute to American Competitiveness and Economic Health. Position paper by the American National Standards Institute. New York: ANSI, December 1992.

American National Standards Institute. ANSI Analysis of National Institute of Standards and Technology,

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Office of Standards Service, Hearing on: Improving U.S. Participation in International Standards Activities. April 3-5, 1990. New York: ANSI, 1990.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers. ''Annual Report for 1992/1993", In Mechanical Engineering 115, AR-11 (November 1993).

American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1992 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. Fairfield, N.J.: ASME, 1992.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers. The Why and How of Codes & Standards. Fairfield, N.J.: ASME, 1992.

American Society for Testing and Materials. Internal Memorandum, May 11, 1994. Philadelphia, Pa.: ASTM, 1994.

American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM 1993 Annual Report . Philadelphia, Pa.: ASTM, 1993.

American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM 1992 Annual Report . Philadelphia, Pa.: ASTM, 1992.

American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM and Voluntary Consensus Standards. Philadelphia, Pa.: ASTM, n.d.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Secretariat. Achieving the APEC Vision; Free and Open Trade in the Asia Pacific. Second report of the Eminent Persons Group, August 1994.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Experts Meeting on Standards and Conformance. Committee on Trade and Investment. Closer Cooperation with International Standards and Conformance Bodies: Submitted by New Zealand. Sixth Ministerial Meeting. Document III.6, 1994.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Experts Meeting on Standards and Conformance. Committee on Trade and Investment. Proposed Declaration on an APEC Standards and Conformance Framework: Submitted by Australia . Sixth Ministerial Meeting. Document III.6.5, 1994.

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Experts Meeting on Standards and Conformance. Committee on Trade and Investment. Report of the APEC Formal Meeting on Standards and Conformance: Bali, 13 May 1994. Sixth Ministerial Meeting. Document III.6.6 (Final), 1994.

Association Francaise de Normalisation. Information File on: The NF-Environment Mark and the European Ecolabel in France. Paris: Association Francaise de Normalisation, August 1993.

Baldwin, Robert E. "The Economics of the GATT." In Peter Oppenheimer, ed. Issues in International Economics. Oxford International Symposia (5)82-93. London: Oriel Press, 1980. In Patrick Low. Trading Free: The GATT and U.S. Trade Policy. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

Baldwin, Robert E. Nontariff Distortions of International Trade. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1970.

Barrier, Michael, and Amy Zuckerman. "Quality Standards the World Agrees on." In Nation's Business (May 1994): 71-73.

Bayard, Thomas O., and Kimberly Ann Elliott. Reciprocity and Retaliation in U.S. Trade Policy. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1994.

Bello, Judith H., and Alan F. Holmer. "The GATT Uruguay Round: Its Significance for U.S. Bilateral Trade with Korea and Taiwan." In Michigan Journal of International Law 11, no. 2 (1990): 307-325.

Bello, Judith Hippler, and Alan F. Homer. "The Heart of the 1988 Trade Act: A Legislative History of Amendments to Section 301." In Stanford Journal of International Law (Fall 1988): 1-44. In Patrick Low. Trading Free: The GATT and U.S. Trade Policy. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

Berg, Sanford V., and Dennis L. Weisman. "A Guide to Cross-Subsidization and Price Predation." In Telecommunications Policy (August 1992): 447-459. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.

Berg, Sanford V. "The Production of Compatibility: Technical Standards as Collective Goods." In Kyklos 42 (1989): 361-383.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Berg, Sanford V. "Technical Standards as Public Goods: Demand Incentives for Cooperation Behavior." In Public Finance Quarterly 17, no. 1 (1989): 29-54.

Berg, Sanford V. "Public Policy and Corporate Strategies in the AM Stereo Market." In Product Standardization and Competitive Strategy , H. Landis Gabel, ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1987.

Besen, Stanley M., and Joseph Farrell. "Choosing How to Compete: Strategies and Tactics in Standardization." In Journal of Economic Perspectives 8, no. 2 (Spring 1994): 1-15.

Besen, Stanley M. "The Standards Processes in Telecommunications and Information Technology." Charles River Associates. Preliminary draft of paper presented at the SPRU-OECD International Workshop on Standards, Innovation, Competitiveness and Policy. University of Sussex. November 10-12, 1993.

Besen, Stanley M. Telecommunications and Information Technology Standard-Setting in Japan: A Preliminary Survey. A RAND Note, N-3204-CUSJR. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 1991.

Besen, Stanley M., and Joseph Farrell. "The Role of the ITU in Standardization: Pre-eminence, impotence or rubber stamp?" RAND. RP-100. Reprinted from Telecommunications Policy (August 1991): 311-321.

Besen, Stanley M. "The European Telecommunications Standards Institute: A preliminary analysis." In Telecommunications Policy (1990): 521-530.

Besen, Stanley M., and Garth Saloner. "The Economics of Telecommunications Standards." In Changing the Rules: Technological Change, International Competition, and Regulation in Communications, Robert W. Crandall and Kenneth Flamm, eds. Pp. 177-220. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1989.

Besen, Stanley M., and Leland L. Johnson. Compatability Standards, Competition, and Innovation in the Broadcasting Industry. Prepared for the National Science Foundation. R-3453-NSF. Washington, D.C.: RAND, 1986.

Betancourt, Diego. "Strategic Standardization Management: A Strategic Macroprocess Approach to the New Paradigm in the Competitive Business Use of Standardization." Preliminary research paper prepared for the ANSI Company Member Council-Executive Committee. Cambridge, Mass.: Polaroid Corporation, 1993.

Bhagwati, Jagdish. "Beyond NAFTA: Clinton's Trading Choices." In Foreign Policy (Summer 1993): 155-162.

Bhagwati, Jagdish N. "Trade and the Environment." In The American Enterprise (May/June 1993): 44-49.

Bhagwati, Jagdish N., and Hugh T. Patrick, eds. Aggressive Unilateralism: America's 301 Trade Policy and the World Trading System. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 1990. In Patrick Low. Trading Free: The GATT and U.S. Trade Policy. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

Bhagwati, Jagdish. "The Threats to the World Trading System." In The World Economy 15, no. 4 (1992): 443-456.

Block, Marilyn R. "ISO/TC 207: Developing an International Environmental Management Standard." In The European Marketing Guide: Economic, Environmental, Legal & Social Strategies. Part of The Complete European Digest II , no. 3 (March 1994). Atlanta, Ga.: SIMCOM, 1994.

Boerner, Christopher, and Kenneth Chilton. Recycling's Demand Side: Lesson's from Germany's "Green Dot." Contemporary Issues Series 59. Center for the Study of American Business, Washington University. St. Louis, Mo.: Washington University, 1993.

Boltuck, Richard, and Robert E. Litan, eds. Down in the Dumps: Administration of the Unfair Trade Laws. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1991. In Patrick Low. Trading Free: The GATT and U.S. Trade Policy . New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Breitenberg, Maureen. More Questions and Answers on the ISO 9000 Standard Series and Related Issues. NISTIR 5122. Prepared for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gaithersburg, Md.: NIST, 1993.

Breitenberg, Maureen. Laboratory Accreditation in the United States . NISTIR 4576. Prepared for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gaithersburg, Md.: NIST, 1991.

Breitenberg, Maureen, ed. Directory of Federal Laboratory Accreditation/Designation Programs. NIST Special Publication 808. National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991.

Breitenberg, Maureen, ed. Directory of U.S. Private-Sector Product Certification Programs . NIST Special Publication 774. National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989.

Breitenberg, Maureen, ed. Directory of International and Regional Organizations Conducting Standards-Related Activities. NIST Special Publication 767. National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gaithersburg, Md.: NIST, 1989.

Breitenberg, Maureen. The ABC's of Certification Activities in the United States. NBSIR 88-3821. Prepared for the National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gaithersburg, Md.: NBS, 1988.

Breitenberg, Maureen, ed. Directory of Federal Government Certification Programs. NBS Special Publication 739. National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1988.

Breitenberg, Maureen, ed. Index of Products Regulated By Each State . NBSIR 87-3608. Prepared for the National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gaithersburg, Md.: NBS, 1987.

Breitenberg, Maureen. The ABC's of Standards-Related Activities in the United States. NBSIR 87-3576. Prepared for the National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gaithersburg, Md.: NBS, 1987.

Brock, William, and Robert Hormats, eds. The Global Economy: America's Role in the Decade Ahead. New York: W.W. Norton, 1990. In Patrick Low. Trading Free: The GATT and U.S. Trade Policy. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

Brown, Ronald H. Toward a National Export Strategy: U.S. Exports = U.S. Jobs. Report to the United States Congress. Washington, D.C.: Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee, 1993.

Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. The Antitrust Implications of Voluntary Standards Activities--An Update. Memorandum to the Board of Directors of the American National Standards Institute, November 18, 1988.

Cargill, Carl F. Information Technology Standardization: Theory, Process, and Organizations. Bedford, Mass.: Digital Press, 1989.

Cargill, Carl, and Martin Weiss, "Consortia in the Standards Development Process," In Journal of the American Society for Information Science 43, no. 8 (1992): 559-565

Cascio, Joe. Chair, U.S. Technical Advisory Group to ISO Technical Committee 207, presentation at 1994 ANSI Annual Public Conference, Washington, D.C., March 4, 1994.

Cassell, Jordan W., and Robert L. Crosslin. Benefits of the Defense Standardization Program. Bethesda, Md.: Logistics Management Institute, 1991.

Cave, Martin E., Paul A. David, and Mark Shurmer. The Political Economy of International Standards Institutions: Causes and Consequences of Changes in Standards-Setting Regimes for Information and Communications Technology. Paper submitted to the ERSC Programme on Global Economic Institutions, 1993.

CEEM Information Services. "Big Three Standards to be Rolled Out This Month," In Quality Systems Update (July, 1994).

Center for Economic Policy Research. New Trade Theories: A Look at the Empirical Evidence. A CEPR Conference Report, May 1993 in Milan, Italy. Great Britain: CEPR, 1994.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Center for Strategic and International Studies, Working Group on Military Specifications and Standards. Road Map for Milspec Reform . Washington, D.C.: CSIS, 1993.

Cheit, Ross E. Setting Safety Standards: Regulation in the Public and Private Sectors. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1990.

Cline, William R. "'Reciprocity': A New World Approach to World Trade Policy?" Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1982. In Patrick Low. Trading Free: The GATT and U.S. Trade Policy . New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

Clinton, William J. Report to the Congress on Recommendations on Future Free Trade Area Negotiations. Washington, D.C.: Executive Office of the President, July 1, 1994.

Coffield, Shirley A. "Section 310 of the Trade Act of 1974: New Life in the Old Dog." In Federal Bar News and Journal 33, no. 6 (July/August 1986): 248-251. In Patrick Low. Trading Free: The GATT and U.S. Trade Policy. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

Cohen, Robert B., and Kenneth Donow. Telecommunications Policy, High Definition Television, and U.S. Competitiveness. Washington, D.C.: Economic Policy Institute, 1989.

Cohen, Robert B., Richard W. Ferguson, and Michael F. Oppenheimer. Nontariff Barriers to High-Technology Trade. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985.

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Computer Systems Policy Project. Perspectives on the National Information Infrastructure: Ensuring Interoperability. Washington, D.C.: CSPP, 1994.

Cooke, Patrick W. An Update of U.S. Participation in International Standards Activities. NISTIR 89-4124. Prepared for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gaithersburg, Md.: NIST, 1989.

Cooke, Patrick W. A Review of U.S. Participation in International Standards Activities. NBSIR 88-3698. Prepared for the National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce. Gaithersburg, Md.: NBS, 1988.

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Crane, Rhonda J. The Politics of International Standards: France and the Color TV War. Communication and Information Science series, Melvin J. Voigt, ed. N.J.: Ablex Publishing, 1979.

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Curzon-Price, Victoria. The Post-Uruguay Round Trade Outlook: Standards and Technical Barriers to Trade. Presentation to Conference on New Developments in International Standards and Global Trade. Washington, D.C., March 30, 1994.

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David, Paul A., and Geoffrey S. Rothwell. Standardization, Diversity, and Learning: A Model for the Nuclear Power Industry. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, 1992-Version.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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David, Paul A., and Shane Greenstein. "The Economics of Compatibility Standards: An Introduction to Recent Research." In Economics of Innovation and New Technology 1 (1990): 3-41.

David, Paul A., and W. Edward Steinmuller. "The ISDN Bandwagon is Coming, but Who will be there to Climb Aboard?: Quandries in the Economics of Data Communication Networks." In Economics of Innovation and New Technology 1 (1990): 43-62.

David, Paul A., and Julie Ann Bunn. "The Economics of Gateway Technologies and Network Evolution: Lessons from Electricity Supply History." Reprinted from Information Economics and Policy 3 (1988): 165-202.

David, Paul A. "Some New Standards for the Economics of Standardization in the Information Age." Reprinted from Economic Policy and Technological Performance. Partha Dasgupta and Paul Stoneman, eds. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Durand, Ian G.; Donald W. Marquardt, Robert W. Peach, and James C. Pyle. "Updating the ISO 9000 Quality Standards: Responding to Marketplace Needs." In Quality Progress (July 1993): 23-28.

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Edelman, Peter B. "Japanese Product Standards as Non-Tariff Trade Barriers: When Regulatory Policy becomes a Trade Issue." Stanford University. In Stanford Journal of International Law 24, no. 2 (Spring 1988): 389-446.

Electric Power Research Institute. "Comparison of ISO 9000 Requirements to Those of 10 C.F.R. 50 Appendix B: Task Sheet." April 8, 1992.

Elliott, Kimberly Ann, and Thomas Bayard. Reciprocity and Retaliation: Does Might Make Right in U.S. Trade Policy? Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics. In Patrick Low. Trading Free: The GATT and U.S. Trade Policy. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1993.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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European Organization for Testing and Certification. EOTC: Focal Point for Testing & Certification in Europe. Brochure. October 1993.

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Farrell, Joseph; Hunter K. Monroe, and Garth Saloner. Draft. Order Statistics, Interface Standards, and Open Systems. EAG Seminar, January 12, 1994.

Farrell, Joseph. Choosing the Rules for Formal Standardization. Draft. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California, 1993.

Farrell, Joseph, and Carl Shapiro. "Standard Setting in High-Definition Television." Brookings Papers: Microeconomics 1992. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1992.

Farrell, Joseph, and Garth Saloner. "Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces." In The Journal of Industrial Economics XL, no. 1 (March 1992).

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Farrell, Joseph. "Standardization and Intellectual Property." American Bar Association. In Jurimetrics Journal of Law, Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (Fall 1989): 35-50.

Farrell, Joseph, and Garth Saloner. "Coordination through Committee and Markets." In RAND Journal of Economics 19, no. 2 (1988): 235-252.

Farrell, Joseph, and Garth Saloner. "Competition, Compatibility, and Standards: The Economics of Horses, Penguins and Lemmings." In Product Standardization and Competitive Strategy, H. Landis Gabel, ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1987.

Farrell, Joseph, and Garth Saloner. "Standardization and Variety." In Economics Letters 20 (1986): 71-74.

Farrell, Joseph, and Garth Saloner. "Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation." In RAND Journal of Economics 16, no. 1 (1985): 70-83.

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Hertz, Harry S., and Curt W. Reimann. "The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award and ISO 9000 Registration." In ASTM Standardization News (November 1993).

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1995. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4921.
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Page 228
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 Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century
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Mandated standards used for vehicle airbags, International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards adopted for photographic film, de facto standards for computer software—however they arise, standards play a fundamental role in the global marketplace.

Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the link between standards, product testing and certification, and U.S. economic performance. The book includes recommendations for streamlining standards development, increasing the efficiency of product testing and certification, and promoting the success of U.S. exports in world markets.

The volume offers a critical examination of organizations involved in standards and identifies the urgent improvements needed in the U.S. system for conformity assessment, in which adherence to standards is assessed and certified. Among other key issues, the book explores the role of government regulation, laboratory accreditation, and the overlapping of multiple quality standards in product development and manufacturing.

In one of the first treatments of this subject, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade offers a unique and highly valuable analysis of the impact of standards and conformity assessment on global trade.

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