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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
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Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation

Committee to Review the EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program

Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

Water Science and Technology Board

Commission on Life Sciences

Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources

National Research Council
Washington, D.C.
1995

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the board responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Agreement No. 68C00082/C.

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 95-68895

International Standard Book Number 0-309-05286-6

Additional copies of this report are available from:

National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Box 285 Washington, D.C. 20055 800-624-6242 202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area)

B-550

Copyright 1995 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Cover by John Eberhard, Pittsburgh, PA.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE EPA'S ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM

RICHARD FISHER, Chair,

Texas A&M University, College Station

PATRICK L. BREZONIK,

University of Minnesota, St. Paul

INGRID C. BURKE,

Colorado State University, Ft. Collins

LOVEDAY L. CONQUEST,

University of Washington, Seattle

THURMAN L. GROVE,

North Carolina State University, Raleigh

JOHN E. HOBBIE,

Marine Biological Laboratory Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

TIM K. KRATZ,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

ANNE E. MCELROY,

State University of New York, Stony Brook

JOHN PASTOR,

University of Minnesota, Duluth

JAMES N. PITTS, JR.,

University of California, Irvine

SAUL SAILA,

University of Rhode Island, Kingston

TERENCE R. SMITH,

University of California, Santa Barbara

SUSAN STAFFORD,

Oregon State University, Corvallis

MICHAEL J. WILEY,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Liaison from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

KRISTIN SHRADER-FRECHETTE,

University of South Florida, Tampa

National Research Council Staff

SHEILA D. DAVID, Study Director,

Water Science and Technology Board

DAVID J. POLICANSKY, Study Director,

Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

ANITA A. HALL, Senior Project Assistant,

Water Science and Technology Board

SHIRLEY F. JONES, Project Assistant,

Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY

PAUL G. RISSER, Chair,

Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

MICHAEL J. BEAN,

Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, D.C.

EULA BINGHAM,

University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

EDWIN H. CLARK,

Clean Sites, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia

ALLAN H. CONNEY,

Rutgers University, New Jersey

ELLIS COWLING,

North Carolina State University, Raleigh

JOHN L. EMMERSON,

Eli Lilly & Company, Greenfield, Indiana

ROBERT C. FORNEY,

Consultant, Unionville, Pennsylvania

ROBERT A. FROSCH,

Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

KAI LEE,

Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts

JANE LUBCHENCO,

Oregon State University, Corvallis

GORDON ORIANS,

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

FRANK L. PARKER,

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee

GEOFFREY PLACE,

Consultant, Hilton Head, South Carolina

DAVID P. RALL,

Consultant, Washington, D.C.

LESLIE A. REAL,

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana

KRISTIN SHRADER-FRECHETTE,

University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida

BURTON H. SINGER,

Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

MARGARET STRAND,

Eckert, Seamans, Cherin & Mellott, Washington, D.C.

GERALD Van BELLE,

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

BAILUS WALKER, JR.,

University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City

Staff

JAMES J. REISA, Director

DAVID J. POLICANSKY, Associate Director and Program Director for Applied Ecology and Natural Resources

CAROL MACZKA, Program Director for Toxicology and Risk Assessment Program

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

KULBIR BAKSHI, Program Director for Committee on Toxicology

LEE R. PAULSON, Program Director for Information Systems and Statistics

RAYMOND A. WASSEL, Program Director for Environmental Sciences and Engineering

BERNIDEAN WILLIAMS-SMITH, Administrative Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD

DAVID L. FREYBERG, Chair,

Stanford University, California

BRUCE E. RITTMANN, Vice Chair,

Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

LINDA M. ABRIOLA,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

J. DAN ALLEN,

Chevron U.S.A., Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana

PATRICK L. BREZONIK,

University of Minnesota, St. Paul

WILLIAM M. EICHBAUM,

The World Wildlife Fund, Washington, D.C.

WILFORD R. GARDNER,

University of California, Berkeley

WILLIAM L. GRAF,

Arizona State University, Tempe

THOMAS M. HELLMAN,

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New York, New York

CHARLES C. JOHNSON, Jr.,

U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C. (Retired)

CAROL A. JOHNSTON,

University of Minnesota, Duluth

WILLIAM M. LEWIS, JR.,

University of Colorado, Boulder

CAROLYN H. OLSEN,

Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, California

CHARLES R. O'MELIA,

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

IGNACIO RODRIGUEZ-ITURBE,

Texas A&M University, College Station

HENRY J. VAUX, JR.,

University of California, Riverside

Staff

STEPHEN D. PARKER, Director

SHEILA D. DAVID, Senior Staff Officer

CHRIS ELFRING, Senior Staff Officer

GARY KRAUSS, Staff Officer

JACQUELINE MACDONALD, Senior Staff Officer

ETAN GUMERMAN, Research Associate

JEANNE AQUILINO, Administrative Specialist

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

ANITA A. HALL, Administrative Assistant

ANGELA BRUBAKER, Project Assistant

MARY BETH MORRIS, Senior Project Assistant

GREGORY NYCE, Senior Project Assistant

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
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COMMISSION ON GEOSCIENCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND RESOURCES

M. GORDON WOLMAN, Chair,

The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

PATRICK R. ATKINS,

Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

EDITH BROWN WEISS,

Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C.

JAMES P. BRUCE,

Canadian Climate Program Board, Ottawa, Canada

WILLIAM L. FISHER,

University of Texas, Austin

EDWARD A. FRIEMAN,

Scripps Institute of Oceanography, LaJolla, California

GEORGE M. HORNBERGER,

University of Virginia, Charlottesville

W. BARCLAY KAMB,

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena

PERRY L. MCCARTY,

Stanford University, Stanford, California

S. GEORGE PHILANDER,

Princeton University, New Jersey

RAYMOND A. PRICE,

Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario

THOMAS C. SCHELLING,

University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland

ELLEN K. SILBERGELD,

Environmental Defense Fund, Washington, D.C.

STEVEN M. STANLEY,

The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

VICTORIA J. TSCHINKEL,

Landers and Parsons, Tallahassee, Florida

Staff

STEPHEN RATTIEN, Executive Director

STEPHEN D. PARKER, Associate Executive Director

MORGAN GOPNIK, Assistant Executive Director

JEANETTE SPOON, Administrative Officer

SANDI FITZPATRICK, Administrative Associate

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES

THOMAS D. POLLARD, Chair,

Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland

BRUCE N. AMES,

University of California, Berkeley

JOHN C. BAILAR, III,

McGill University, Montreal, Canada

J. MICHAEL BISHOP,

University of California Medical Center, San Francisco

JOHN E. BURRIS,

Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

MICHAEL T. CLEGG,

University of California, Riverside

GLENN A. CROSBY,

Washington State University, Pullman

MARIAN E. KOSHLAND,

University of California, Berkeley

RICHARD E. LENSKI,

Michigan State University, East Lansing

EMIL A. PFITZER,

Hoffmann-LaRoche, Inc., Nutley, New Jersey

MALCOLM C. PIKE,

University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles

HENRY C. PITOT, III,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

JONATHAN M. SAMET,

University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque

HAROLD M. SCHMECK, JR.,

Armonk, New York

CARLA J. SHATZ,

University of California, Berkeley

SUSAN S. TAYLOR,

University of California, San Diego, LaJolla

P. ROY VAGELOS,

Merck & Company, Inc., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey

JOHN L. VANDEBERG,

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas

Staff

PAUL GILMAN, Executive Director

SOLVEIG PADILLA, Administrative Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
×

Acknowledgements

The membership of this committee has evolved since our review of EMAP began in 1990. We are grateful to the following former members for their contributions to the committee's work:

James Gosz, Chair (1990-1992)

Edwin H. Clark (1990-1993)

Arthur Cooper (1990-1992)

Shirley Dreiss (1990-1993)

Charles C. Johnson, Jr. (1990-1994)

Raymond A. Price (1990-1994)

Donald R. Strong (1990-1994)

John Sutherland (1990-1992)

In addition, we are very grateful to the following EPA officials and contractors for their many presentations and other assistance during our review of EMAP.

Darvene Adams

Craig Barber

H. Matthew Bills

Robert Currie

Tom DeMoss

Marge Holland

Robert Huggett

Hal Kibby

William Kepner

Rick Linthurst

Ed Martinko

Dan McKenzie

Jay Messer

Scott Overton

John Paul

Steve Paulsen

Paul Sandifer

Jerry Stober

Kevin Summers

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1995. Review of EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program: Overall Evaluation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4931.
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This is the fourth and final volume reviewing EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). After 4 years of review, the authoring committee retains its belief that EMAP's goals are laudable. However, because achieving the goals of this ambitious program will require that EMAP successfully meet the difficult scientific, practical, and management challenges, the committee continues to question whether and how well all these goals can be achieved. This final overall review reiterates that general assessment.

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