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OCR for page 217
. .-.-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-.-.-. .
|-:
::
..,
·-:.
A
Abortions
access to, 157, 158
adolescents, 66, 67-68, 77
contraception and, 70, 81, 84
developing world, 39
procedures, 83
rates, 77, 81, 82-83
Roe v. Wade, 77
RU 486, 84-85
septic, 90
waiting period, 83
Abstinence, 79, 81
Access to health care
AIDS patients, 161
elderly, 156, 157, 170-173
....
financial barriers, 155-156, 161 -162
gender differences, 154, 155
geographic barriers, 162
low-income persons, 157-158
malpractice liability concerns and,
162-168
Medicaid acceptance by physicians,
158
, .. ... ... ..
.. - ... .
.. ... .. .
.
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217
:::
·-:
physician attitudes, 160
prenatal and maternity, 161 - 168
preventive services, 158
in public hospital clinics, 161
shortage of practitioners, 162
structural barriers, 159-160
Addiction. See also Alcohol abuse and
alcoholism; Cigarette smoking;
Drug abuse and addiction
gender differences, 9, 26-29
nicotine, 64
research on women, 184- 185
Adhesions, 86
Adolescents. See also Puberty
abortions, 66, 67-68, 77
Amish cohort, 48
breastLeeding, 141
cigarette smoking, 63-64
contraception, 68
dieting, 147
eating disorders, 62-63
gender differentiation process, 45-
46, 57
health risks, 43-44
OCR for page 218
I N H E R O WN R ~ G HT
mental health, 47-49, 60-61
miscarriages, 66
nutrition, 141
pregnancy, 66, 77, 136
prenatal care, 90
risky behaviors, 64-65
self-image, 61-63
sexual context of, 58
sexually transmitted diseases, 66, 85
stressors, 26, 48, 58, 63
substance abuse, 61, 63, 185
suicide, 60-61, 63
Advertising, cigarette, 63, 64
African Americans
AIDS, 95
breast cancer, 158
breastLeeding, 138-140, 141
cervical cancer, 158-159
contraceptive use, 69
elder care, 171
infant mortality, 89
infertility, 87-88
maternal mortality, 90
nutrition, 141
obesity/overweight, 131
prenatal care, 90
teen pregnancy, 66, 90
weight gain or loss, 136, 147
African women, 107
Age/aging
and bereavement, 112-114
demographics, 18, 111-112
and disability, 144
female perspective, 111-112
and fitness, 49
and health status, 40-41, 114-115
hormones and, 37
and status of women, 107-109
and weight, 131, 136
Aggression, 24-25
218
A.H. Robins, 202
AIDS, 95, 161, 173, 179, 184, 187,
190-191, 192
Akil, Huda, 37
Alan Guttmacher Institute, 68
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism
adolescents, 48, 65
denial, 94
depression and, 93, 94
enabling, 94
gender differences, 22-23, 27, 28,
65-66, 124, 184-185
marriage and, 92-93
and nutrition, 122
physical consequences, 66, 93
research on women, 184- 185
treatment, 93-94, 160- 161
Alcohol and the fews, 185
Alcohol, Chemical Dependency, and
Compulsive Gambling
Programs, 28
Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental
Health Administration, 28, 193
Alcoholics Anonymous, 93
Alzbeimer's disease, 36
American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists, 91, 136
American Dietetic Association, 136
American School Health Association,
66
Androgens, 24-25
Anemia, 8, 39, 125, 137
Anorexia nervosa, 62-63
Antibodies, antisperm, 87
Antisocial personality disorder, 22, 23,
27
Anxiety, 27, 47, 48, 92, 94
Artificial insemination, 86
Attention deficits, 56
Autoimmune diseases, 22
OCR for page 219
con Index
B
Baby boom generation, 115, 192
Baltimore Longitudinal Study of
Aging, 193
Bangladesh, 39
Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, 120-121,
122, 126
Bass & Howes, 187
Battering, 160
Baulieu, Etienne-Emile, 83
Beauty standards, 46-48, 62, 125-126,
148
Beecher, Harry K., 188
Benet, Leslie Z., 186
Benign breast tumors, 82
Bereavement, 112-114
Bipolar disorder (manic depression),
22, 23, 92
Blood pressure, 36
Blume, Sheila, 28, 185
Body composition and size, 29-31,
46-48, 128-131, 144-145
Body mass index, 128-131
Bone fractures, 21, 30-31, 122
Bone tissue losses, 30-31, 48, 110, 111
122, 144
Boston Nurses Study, 198
Boston Women's Health Collective,
190
Brain cancer, 85
Brain structure and function, 37-38
Breakfast of the Birds, 103
Breast cancer
access to care, 158
childbearing age and, 8-9, 99
fat and, 8-9, 144, 147
First Ladies, 4
hormone replacement therapy and,
110
mortality, 158
nutrition and, 120, 144
.,
219
origins, 8-9, 36
raceand,l58
research, 106-107, 109
risk of, 21, 111
screening, 111, 153, 158
treatment, 84
BreastLeeding, 80
calcium metabolism, 142
characteristics of nursing mothers,
138-141
and nutrition, 120, 134-135, 141,
142
and ob esity/overweight, 142- 143
Brown, Louise, 86
Bulimia, 47, 48, 62-63
Bush, President, 193
Calcium, 8, 70, 122, 126, 127, 137,
142, 144
Canada, 67
Cancer screening, 111, 157, 158-159
Cardiovascular disorders
ageand,l9-20,21
arrhythmias, 21
cigarette smoking and, 28, 183
contraception and, 80
Coronary Drug Project, 183
differential treatment of women, 8,
20, 183
Framingham project, 182
Lipid Research Clinic, 183
menopause and, 110, 182-183
mortality of women, 19-20, 183
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention
Trial, 183, 193, 198
nutrition and, 70, 99, 120
Physicians' Health Study, 183
prevention studies, 109
research on women, 182- 183
risk factors, 183
OCR for page 220
I N H E R O WN R ~ G HT
Cassatt, Mary, 51, 73
Cataracts, 144
Center for Women's Health
Research, 154
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 86, 167, 184
Cervical cancer, 99, 153, 158-159
Cervical cap, 81
Chastity, 59, 68
Chestnut, Charles, 70-71
Child care, 93, 157, 161
Children/childhood
diet and nutrition, 56
diseases and disorders, 56
gender differentiation process, 44-
45, 56-57
mental health, 24, 56
sexual abuse, 25, 56
socioeconomic contexts, 56
survival, 55-56
Chlamydia, 85
Cholesterol, 110
Cigarette smoking
adolescents, 63-65, 70
advertising, 63, 64
and contraceptive use, 82
and drug abuse, 65
health effects, 28, 36, 111
longevity and, 17-18, 112
and menopause, 105
mental health status and, 27
metabolism of nicotine, 27
and pregnancy and childbearing,
137
"scarlet woman" image, 63
Surgeon General's Report, 63
and weight control, 48
women's rates, 18-19, 27, 28
Circumcision, female, 41
Clayton, Paula J., 48
Clinton, President, 84, 193
Cognitive function, 144
220
Cohler, Bertram, 19, 43, 112, 113-115
Colon cancer, 36
Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons, 91
Committee on Research in Problems
of Sex, 202
Community and migrant health
centers, 164-165
Condoms, female, 97-98
Condoms, male, 67, 68, 78, 79, 80-
81, 95, 96, 99
Conger, John I., 26, 47-48, 56, 58,
60, 61, 62
Congressional Office of Technology
Assessment, 89-90
Contraception/contraceptives. See also
specific contraceptives
abortion and, 70, 81, 84
access to, 157
adolescent use of, 67, 68-70
costs, 82
Dalkon Shield disaster, 81, 190,
202-203
Depo-Provera, 203
distribution, 82
drawbacks, 79-80
effectiveness, 80-81
FDA approval, 203
health risks, 82, 120
and HIV infection, 95-96
implants, 79, 80
options, 79
oral, 60, 67, 69, 70, 77, 78, 79, 80
81, 82, 83, 120
research, 70, 81-82, 193, 196, 201
204
and sexually transmitted diseases,
99
social effects, 59, 60
spermicides, 79, 81, 95
use, 78
Cornell University, 47, 143
OCR for page 221
car Index
Coronary Drug Project, 183
Coronary heart disease, 18
Cragin, E.B., 91
Creoles, 107
Cultural factors
bereavement, 113
in diet, 122-125
in eating disorders, 47-48
entry into adulthood, 75-76
gender inequalities, 40, 96-97
longevity and, 38-40
mental health and, 38, 47-48
and obesity and overweight, 126,
131-132, 134
physical health and, 19, 40-43
postreproductive status, 107-108
protective customs, 59-60
sexual permissivity, 59, 61
Cureton, Kirk I., 29
Cushing's syndrome, 85
D
Dairy products, 120, 122-124, 126
Dalhousie University, 196
DeBruin, Debra, 197
Deirdre, 207
Dementia, 113
Demographics, gender differences, 18,
111-112
Depo-Provera, 203
Depression (major)
adolescents, 44, 46-47, 60-61
alcoholism and, 93, 94, 160
childhood, 24
circadian rhythms and, 25
drug abuse and, 27
eating disorders and, 47
elderly women, 113-114
gender differences in, 8, 9, 22, 23-
24, 48
221
hormones and, 24
postpartum, 92
sexual abuse and, 25
sources, 92
DES, 188-189, 190
Developing countries
life expectancy, 39
women's nutrition, 9, 123-125
Diabetes, 80
Diaphragms, 69, 79, 81, 95, 99
Diet. See also specific nutrients
beauty standards and, 125-126
consequences of, 8, 143-145
cultural factors in, 122-125
gender roles and, 124
guidelines, 122, 123
"magic bullets," 121
Dietary supplements, 121, 137,
144
Dieting. See also Weight
and exercise, 146-147
extreme, 137
and metabolism, 147
results, 145-146
successful programs, 147
yo-yo, 147
Differentiation, sexual, 16
Discrimination, 133, 148
Divorce, 93, 156
Dixon, Wendy Fay, 207
Dopamine, 47
Drug abuse and addiction
adolescents, 27, 44, 65, 70
cigarette smoking and, 65
gender differences in, 22, 23, 28-
29, 35
health consequences of, 66
HIV infection, 94, 95, 96
male influence on females, 65
metabolism, 28-29, 37
physiology and, 37
Dysthymia, 22, 23
OCR for page 222
I N H E R O WN R ~ G HT
E
East Germany (former), 83
Eating disorders, 9, 29, 35, 44, 47-48,
125-126. See also specific disorders
Education, 76, 138
Egypt, 39
Elderly women
access to care, 156, 157, 170-173
bereavement, 112-114
demographics, 18
disability, 111, 171
family caretakers, 171, 172
long-term care, 157, 170-173
medication use, 20-21
nutritional needs, 143-145
widowhood, 112-114, 171, 172
Elixir Sulfanilamide, 187
Embryonic development, 16, 38
Emory University Medical School, 20
Employment issues, 154, 156
Endometrial cancer, 82, 110
Endometriosis, 84, 86, 87
Energy requirements, 127, 141
England and Wales, 67
Epidemiological Catchment Area
study, 22
Estrogen, 110
Exercise, 8, 49, 57, 70, 111, 145, 146-
147
F
Faculte de Medecine Paris-sud, 83
Family planning clinics, 67, 68-69, 82,
157
Fashion, and health, 42-43
Fat, dietary, 8-9, 110, 120, 122, 144,
147
Fee, Elizabeth, 187, 189, 190, 192,
196
Fertility, body fat and, 134
Fetal
development, 16-17, 55
monitoring, 91, 168-169
nutrition, 135
research, 87, 193
Fibroid tumors, 84, 186, 196
Fillmore, Kaye, 92, 93
Finland, 88
Folate, 137
Food and Nutrition Board, 7-8, 136
Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, 187
Ford, Betty, 4
Fractures. See Bone fractures
Framingham project, 182
France, 67, 83, 84
Frank, Ellen, 23-24, 25, 38, 58, 59-60
Fridlund, Karen, 126, 127
Gaal, Aniko, 1
Gamete interfallopian transfer (GIFT),
86-87
Garn, Stanley M., 29
Gastric surgery, 133, 146
Gender
differentiation process, 44-47
inequalities, 40, 96-97, 181 - 183
ratios, 39, 173
roles, 40-41, 49, 77, 94, 107-108,
124, 195-196
Gender differences
access to health care, 154, 155
addiction, 9, 26-29, 37
alcohol abuse, 22-23, 27, 28, 65
behavioral, 35-36, 38, 44
body composition and size, 29-31
brain structure and function, 37-38
child development history, 44
cultural considerations, 38-43
demographic, 18
diet and nutrition, 120, 123-124
222
OCR for page 223
can Index
embryonic development, 16, 38
genetic, 15-16
illness, 17, 19, 154-155
immune response, 8, 18
income spending patterns, 124
longevity, 17-22
mental health, 22-26, 37-38, 38
metabolism, 27
sexual development, 58-59
sleep requirements, 25
social development, 56-57
tobacco use, 17-19
weight gain or loss, 131, 147
General Accounting Office, 192- 193
Genetics
eating disorders, 47-48
gender differences, 15-16
Goldstein, Jill, 49
Gonadotrophins, 120
Gonorrhea, 85
Goodwin, Frederick K., 28
Grunberg, Neil E., 27
Guatemala, 124
H
Halmi, Katherine, 47
Harvard University Medical School, 49
Healey, Bernadine, 109, 193, 194
Health-care-seeking behavior, 19, 20-
21, 154
Health care system. See also Access to
health care
contradictions in, 153, 210
differential treatment of women, 8,
20, 153-154, 157
differential use of, 19, 20-21, 154-
155
OB/GYNs, 200-201
professional role of women, 154,
156, 162, 197-198, 199, 200-201
rationing of care, 157- 158
Health insurance, 76, 87-88, 155-157,
161-162
Health maintenance organizations,
159
Hearing loss, 21
Heart. See Cardiovascular disorders
Henderson, Maureen M., 18, 20, 21,
28, 37, 48
Hepatitis B vaccine, 18
Hispanics
AIDS, 95
breastLeeding, 139-140
contraception, 80, 97
obesity/overweight, 131
HIV infection, 66, 86, 94, 95-96
Homosexuality, 36
Hong Kong, 77, 88
Hormone replacement therapy, 110-
111
Hormones. See Reproductive
hormones
Human genome mapping, 36
I
Illness. See also specific disorders
cultural factors, 19
gender differences in, 17, 19-21,
154-155
more-selective-male-cohort theory,
20
rates of, 20, 21-22
types of, 21
Immune response, 8, 18, 22, 36, 39,
144
In vitro fertilization (IVF), 86, 87
Income
and access to health care, 155, 161
162
and breastLeeding, 138- 140
differential spending patterns, 124,
154
223
OCR for page 224
I N H E R O WN R ~ G HT
India, 39, 107
Indiana University School of
Medicine, 158
Indonesia, 27
Infant formula, 138
Infant mortality, 77, 88-91, 153
Infertility, 77-78, 85-88, 90, 196
Institute for Health and Aging, 92
Institute of Medicine (IOM)
child development report, 55
Panel on the National Health Care
Survey, 156
perspectives on women's health,
4-8
IOM Committee/Subcommittee
on an Aging Society, 171
on Antiprogestins, 84
on Contraception, 78
to Design a Strategy for Quality
Review and Assurance in
Medicare, 173
to Develop Criteria for Evaluating
the Outcomes of Approaches to
Prevent and Treat Obesity, 126,
132
on Diet and Health, 122
on the Ethical and Legal Issues
Relating to the Inclusion of
Women in Clinical Studies, 180
on Health and Behavior, 92
on Health Objectives for the Year
2000, 90
on Health Promotion and
Disability Prevention for the
Second Fifty Years, 111
on Monitoring Access to Personal
Health Care Services, 90, 158,
159
on Nutrition During Lactation,
134, 141
on Population, 201
on Preventing Nicotine Addiction
in Children and Youths, 63, 64
65
on Research Capabilities of
Academic Departments of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, 200
to Study Female Morbidity and
Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa,
10
to Study Medical Professional
Liability and Delivery of
Obstetrical care, 162-166, 167
for the Study of Health
Consequences of the Stress of
Bereavement, 112, 114
to Study the Role of Allied Health
Personnel, 171
on Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Issues in AIDS Research,
65, 95-96
Intrauterine devices (IUDs), 69, 77,
79-80, 81
Iron, 120, 124, 127, 137
Issues in women's health, 7, 209-212
J
Jackson, Valerie P., 158
Jacobs, Sarah Florin, 211-212
Japan, 27, 88
Japanese Americans, 90
Jewish Chronic Diseases Hospital
(Brooklyn), 188
Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and
Public Health, 187
Johnson, Tracy, 187, 189, 190, 192,
196
Johnson & Johnson, 202
K
Kathy, 33
224
OCR for page 225
con Index
King, Janet, 121, 136
Kuhn, Thomas, 7, 137
L
Learning disabilities, 37, 56
Life expectancy, 21, 39
Life experience, and health, 40
Lipid Research Clinic, 183
Lipoprotein lipase, 145
Long-term care, 157
Longevity
cultural considerations, 38-39
gender differences in, 17-22
price of, 210
Low-birth-weight babies, 28, 89-90,
162, 164
Lung cancer, 28, 36, 112
M
Maccoby, Eleanor, 43-44, 45, 46, 48,
49, 56-57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 68
Magnesium, 137
Malpractice liability concerns, 162-
170, 202
Marital status, 156
Mass media, sexual suggestion, 59
Matriarch stage, 107
McEwen, Bruce, 36-38
Mead, Margaret, 40
Medicaid, 67, 88, 155, 156, 158, 164,
166, 171-172
Medicare, 156, 158, 171-172
Medication consumption, 20-21
Meditation, 1
Menarche/menstrual period
age of, 134
body fat and, 134
and nutrition, 120, 124-125
225
Menopause, 30
baby boomer generation, 115
cigarette smoking and, 105
climacteric, 106, 110
health issues after, 106-107, 109-
111
hormone replacement therapy,
110-111
nutrition, 120
physiological aspects, 110
research needs, 186-187
and status of women, 107-109
Mental health
adolescents, 47-49
children, 56
cultural factors and, 38
gender differences in, 22-26
physiology and, 37
Mental Health Research Institute. 37
Metabolism
alcohol, 28
calcium, 142
exercise and, 146-147
hormones, 37, 120-121
illicit drugs, 28-29
nicotine, 27
therapeutic drugs, 186-187
and weight, 29, 132, 133, 147
Mexican Americans, 90, 131
Military women, 126-127
Milk sugar lactose, 120
Miscarriages, 66, 90
Morbidity, 8
Mortality. See also Longevity
AIDS, 95
alcoholism and, 28
breast cancer, 158
cervical cancer, 158-159
developing countries, 39
eating disorders, 62-63
gender differences in, 8, 19-20
OCR for page 226
I N H E R O WN R ~ G HT
heart disease, 19-20, 183
infant, 77, 88-90, 153
maternal, 90, 112, 127, 135
Mullerian duct, 16
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention
Trial, 183, 193, 198
Munter, Gabriele, 103
Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical
Research Institute, 18
Myocardial infarction, 19
N
National Center for Health Statistics,
131
National Commission for the
Protection of Human Subjects
of Biomedical and Behavioral
Research, 191
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Surveys, 131
National Institute of Mental Health,
22
National Institutes of Health
AIDS research for women, 184
and electronic fetal monitoring,
168
National Task Force on Prevention
and Treatment of Obesity, 128,
131
Office of Research on Women's
Health, 193
research reforms, 192- 193
Revitalization Act of 1993, 193
Women's Health Initiative, 109-
110, 121
National Osteoporosis Foundation, 70
National Women's Health Network,
190
Native Americans, 90, 107, 131
Natural History of Alcoholism, 185
Netherlands, 67, 83
Neonatal intensive care, 90-91
Neural tube defects, 137
Neurotransmitters, 47
Nicotine, 27
Norepinephine, 47
Nuremberg Code, 187-188
Nurse-midwives, 162, 166
Nurses' aides, 172-173
Nursing homes, 112, 170, 171-172
Nutrition
challenges, 9
developing countries, 9, 41
and later quality of life, 143- 145
Military Recommended Daily
Allowances, 126
during pregnancy, 8, 120, 134-137
publications and conferences, 7-8
Recommended Daily Allowances,
126, 136-137
Nutritional epidemiology, 120- 121
o
Obesity and overweight
breastLeeding and, 142-143
cultural aspects, 126, 131-132, 134
definitions, 127-128
and discrimination, 133, 148
gastric surgery, 133
and heart disease, 183
lipoprotein lip ase and, 145
management, 132, 145
metabolism and, 132, 133
methods of determining, 128, 131
national goals, 148
pregnancy and childbearing and,
127, 133-134, 136, 142-143
United States, 127
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 22, 23
Office of the Surgeon General, 126
Oldham and District Hospital
(Lancashire, England), 87
226
OCR for page 227
con Index
One Hundred Years of Solitude, 107
Oral sex, 96
Ortho Pharmaceutical, 202
Osteoporosis
cigarette smoking and, 28
gender differences in, 21, 35
menopause and, 110
nutrition and, 8, 70-71, 99, 120,
122
pregnancy and lactation and, 142
research, 106-107, 109, 193
Our Bodies, Ourselves, 4, 190
Ovarian cancer, 21, 82, 99, 120
Ovulation disorders, 86
pa
Pacific Islanders, 131
Panic disorder, 22, 23
Pap smears, 158-159
Pelvic inflammatory disease, 82
Personality disorders, 47
Perspectives on women's health
changes in, 3-4
Food and Nutrition Board, 7-8
IOM, 4-8
life experience, 9, 10
life span, 9-10, 53-55
male-centered, 6-7, 93-94, 160-
161, 195-196
pregnancy-centered, 54, 173-174,
195-196
social-role, 10
Pfaff, Donald, 24-25
Phobias, 22, 23
Physician-patient relationships, 167
Physicians' Health Study, 183, 198
Pica, 137-138
Pill, 60, 67, 69, 70, 77, 78, 79, 80-81,
83, 99, 120-121, 202
Pneumonia, 21
Polan, Mary Lake, 187, 201
227
Population Council, 81, 84
Portrait of Eleanor, 151
Poverty and poor people, 70, 155,
156, 157-158, 163-165
Prax, Valentine Henriette, 117
Pregnancy and childbearing
adolescents, 66, 77, 90
age and, 99
alcohol detoxification, 185
cesarean section, 91 -92, 135, 168,
169-170
drug effects during, 188-189
ectopic, 82, 90, 187
fetal monitoring, 91, 168-169
geriatric, 105
insurance coverage, 157
· · · r · ,,
Intrauterine 1ntectlons, j~
late, 8-9
male selection over females, 41
malpractice liability concerns, 162-
170
morbidity and mortality, 39, 41,
112, 127, 135, 137
natural childbirth, 141
nutrition, 8, 120, 134-137, 142
obesity and, 127, 133-134, 142-
143
preeclampsia, 186, 196
prenatal and maternity care, 89-90,
153, 161-168
quickening, 83-84
reproductive period, 209
social role expectations, 49
and social status, 98
unintended, 77
weight gain, 134-136
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of
1978, 157
Prenatal and maternity care, 89-90,
161-168
Pressure sores, 21
Princeton, 70
OCR for page 228
I N H E R O WN R ~ G HT
Progestins, 110
Protective customs, 59-60
Protein, 127
Puberty, 17, 24, 26, 43, 45-47, 57-58,
59, 134
Q
Quality of care, in nursing homes,
172-173
R
Rape, 58, 59
Rasmussen, Kathleen Maher, 143
Reed, Beth Glover, 93-94
Relationships
formation of, 57, 59
sexual, 61, 65
Religious communities, 68
Relman, Arnold, 167-168
Reproductive cancers, 70, 99, 110,
120, 144, 193
Reproductive hormones
and aging, 37
infertility interventions, 86
menopause and, 110
and mental health, 24-25, 92
nonreproductive influences, 36
Reproductive tract infections, 39
Reproductive years. See also
Abortions; Contraception/
contraceptives; Infertility;
Pregnancy and childbearing;
Sexual relationships
AIDS, 95-98
alcohol abuse, 92-93
entry into adulthood, 75-76
health status, 77
mental disorders, 92-94
span, 209
Research on women
activism, 190-192
addictions, 184-185
AIDS, 182, 184
breast cancer, 106-107, 109
clinical trial participation, 179-181,
184, 186-187, 192, 198-199
demographic barriers, 197-198
effects of bias, 185-187, 197
ethical principles, 191 - 192
experimentation abuses and, 187-
188
extrapolation from male-based
results, 183
funding issues, 179, 198-199, 200,
202
gender bias, 181-185, 195-196
heart disease, 182-183
hormonal fluctuations and, 197
leadership of women, 198-200
male bias, 195
male norm, 195
policy reforms, 192-195
pregnant women and, 189-190
reproductive, 196, 199-200
scientific culture and, 195-196
Rheumatoid arthritis, 21
Rockefeller, Happy, 4
Rockefeller University, 24, 36
Rosenberg, Irwin, 144
Rosenberg, Leon E., 18, 19, 20
Roussel-Uclaf, 84
RU 486, 84-85
S
Salt, 135
Sargeant, Geneve Rixford, 151
Schizophrenia, 22, 23, 36, 48-49
Scrimshaw, Susan, 8, 39, 41, 80, 96-
97, 107, 108, 116, 124
Seaman, Barbara, 173
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con Index
Secondary sexual characteristics, 17
Segal, Sheldon, 81
Selenium, 137
Sensitive-period concept, 55, 56
Serotonin, 47
Sexual
abuse, 25, 56, 59, 60, 93
activity, 76, 83
objects, 58
pressures, 9, 60
relationships, 61, 66, 94
revolution, 60, 77, 187
Sexually transmitted diseases, 66, 70,
85, 96, 97, 99, 159, 187
Sherwin, Susan, 196
Silverstone, Barbara, 171
Singapore, 77, 83, 88
Sketch of Denise's Daughter, 51
Sleep, 25
Snyder, Chuck, 185
Social contexts, of mental health
differences, 25-26
Socialization, gender-specific, 57, 59-
60
Socioeconomic status, and access to
care, 155, 156, 157-158, 163-
165, 171
Somatization disorder, 22, 23
South Oaks Hospital (Amityville,
NY), 28
Spain, 88
Sports, 49
Stanford University, 43-44, 187
Staphylococcus aureus, 42
Sterilization, 78-79
Stern, Judith, 145, 147
Stress
in adolescents, 26, 48, 58
of bereavement, 112-114
cigarette smoking and, 48
consequences of, 36-37
hormones, 37, 92
management, 36
Substance abuse. See also Alcohol
abuse and alcoholism; Drug
abuse and addiction
adolescents, 61, 63
sources of, 92
treatment, 160
Sugar galactose, 120
Suicide, 60-61, 63, 113
Summer Sunlight, 13
Sweden, 67, 84, 88
Sweets and sugars, 122
Syphilis, 159, 188
r
Tampons, 42-43
Tenneson, Joyce, 33
"Test-tube babies," 86-87
Thacker, Stephen B., 167, 169-170
Thalidomide, 188-189
The Bath, 73
The Family, 117
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), 42-43
Trussell, James, 69-70
TuBts University, 144
Tuskeegee Syphilis Study, 188
U
UCLA School of Public Health, 8, 39
Uniformed Services University School
of Medicine, 27
United Kingdom, 84
United States
cigarette smoking, 27
diet, 125-126
longevity, 38-39
obesity and overweight, 127
status of older women, 108-109
teen pregnancy rate, 66
University Hospital in Minneapolis, 48
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I N H E R O WN R ~ G HT
University of
California at Berkeley, 121
California at Davis, 145
California at San Diego, 120, 186
California at San Francisco, 92
Chicago, 19, 43
Colorado, 26
Michigan, 29, 37, 93
Pittsburgh, 23, 38, 197
Texas Southwest Medical Center,
38
Washington, 18, 154
Urinary infections, 21
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Human Nutrition Research Center
on Aging, 144
Special Supplemental Food
Program for Women, Infants,
and Children, 137-138, 141
Uterine cancer, 21, 110
Uterine prolapse, 39
V
Vaginal cancer, 189
Vallian, George, 185
Van Ness, Beatrice Whitney, 13
Varioceles, 86
Violence, 44
Vitamin B6, 137, 144
Vitamin Bit, 144
Vitamin C, 144
Vitamin D, 137, 144
Vitamin E, 137
W
Weight
age and, 131
control, 29, 99, 125-126, 146
Weight-for-height tables, 128-130,
132
Weight Watchers, 48
Wenger, Nanette K., 20
Wet nurses, 138
Whites
breast cancer, 158
breastLeeding, 138-140
cervical cancer, 158-159
obesity/overweight, 131
prenatal care, 90
teen pregnancy rate, 66
weight gain or loss, 136, 147
WIC Program, 137-138, 141
Widowers, 114
Widowhood, 112-114, 171, 172
Wilson, Jean, 38
Withdrawal, 67, 79, 81
Wolffian duct, 16
Women's Health Initiative, 109-110,
121, 193-195
Women's Health Trial, 147
Woods, Nancy Anne Fugate, 154,
155, 157, 173-174
Wymelenberg, Suzanne, 67, 77, 82,
86, 87
y
Yogurt, 120
z
Zinc, 137, 144
230
Representative terms from entire chapter:
cigarette smoking
