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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. geochemical cycles, 189 grades K-4, content standards for, 106, 130-134 grades 5-8, content standards for, 106, 158-161 grades 9-12, content standards for, 106, 187-190 nature of change, 134 objects in space, 134 origin and evolution of universe, 190 properties of earth materials, 134 solar system, 160-161, 215-217 Earth Science Education Coalition, 14 Earthworms, 34-35 Ecosystem studies, 157-158 Education, Department of, 14 Educational system, 8 communication within, 231 coordination and cooperation in, 8, 51 government functioning in, 228 role of, 228 role of national standards in, 12 science program planning, 51-52 state functioning in, 227-228, 229 structure and functioning, 8, 227-228 support for science teaching, 4, 27, 28, 37, 211, 222-224 See also System standards Education Development Center, 14 Egg drop experiment, 162-164 English as second language, 37 Environmental studies, 139, 140, 167, 168 environmental quality issues, 198 interdependence of organisms, 186, 193 natural and human-induced hazards, 168-169, 198-199 natural resource management, 11, 198 Equity, 2 fairness in assessment practice, 85-86 in science education policy-making, 232-233 science teaching standards and, 4, 16, 20 student access to opportunities, 221-222 Evaporation, 124-125 Everybody Counts: A Report to the Nation on the Future of Mathematics Education, 13 Evolution, scientific concept of example of classroom activity, 182-183 grades 9-12 content standards, 185 natural selection, 181-184, 185 as unifying concept, 119 Examples of implementation of assessment standards, 39-41, 47-49, 80-81, 136, 146-147, 162-164, 202-203 of content standards, 34-35, 39, 47-49, 64-66, 80-81, 124-125, 131-133, 136, 146-147, 150-153, 162-164, 182-183, 194-196, 202-203, 215-217 of professional development standards, 34-35, 64-66, 131-133, 150-153, 234-237 of program standards, 34-35, 39, 47-49, 64-66, 80-81, 124-125, 131-133, 146-147, 150-153, 162-164, 182-183, 194-196, 215-217, 234-237 student science achievement assessment, 91-99 of system standards, 34-35, 39, 64-66, 124-125, 150-153, 162-164, 234-237 of teaching standards, 34-35, 39, 47-49, 64-66, 80-81, 124-125, 131-133, 136, 146-147, 150-153, 162-164, 182-183, 194-196, 202-203, 215-217 F Federal government changes in emphases in system standards, 239 in educational system, 228 system standards, 230-231 in teacher certification, 229, 230 Field experiences, 44, 220-221 for development of pedagogical content knowledge, 67 Form and function, scientific concept of, 119 Fossils, 182-183 G Gender issues, in assessment, 85-86 Goals of standards, 2, 10, 13, 21 for professional development of teachers, 55-56 for science teaching, 27 for student assessment, 75, 76 for student inquiry skills, 105 Grades K-4 content standards, 110 earth and space science content standard, 130-134 history and nature of science, content standard for understanding, 141 life science content standard, 127-129 personal and social perspectives of science, content standard for, 138-141 physical science content standard, 123-127 science and technology content standard, 135-138 scientific inquiry in, content standards for, 121-123 teacher knowledge, 60 unifying concepts and processes in, 104-105, 115-119 Grades 5-8 content standards, 110 earth and space science content standard, 158-161 history and nature of science, content standard for understanding, 170-171 personal and social contexts of science, content standard for understanding, 166-170 physical science content standard, 149-155 science and technology content standard, 161-166 science as inquiry in, content standards for, 143-148 unifying concepts and processes in, 105, 115-119 Grades 9-12 content standards, 110 earth and space science content standards, 187-190 graduation requirements, 231
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