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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. relationship to student's lives, 212-213 resources for teaching, 218-221 role of, 209-210 school scheduling, 219 Standard A, 210-212 Standard B, 212-214 Standard C, 214-218 Standard D, 218-221 Standard E, 221-222 Standard F, 222-224 support for teachers and teaching, 211, 219, 222-224 system standards and, 230-231 teaching practice, 211 Public perception and understanding of assessment practice, 85, 89, 211 of system reform, 238 R Race/ethnicity, assessment and, 85-86 Research activities for professional development, 58 Resource management in teaching, 43-45, 168 adaptation of externally produced materials, 213 assessment standards, 79 budget planning, 220 materials-support infrastructure, 220 necessities for scientific inquiry, 220 physical space requirements, 220 policy-making and, 232 for professional development of teachers, 70 program standard, 218-221 resources outside the school, 45, 220-221 responsibility for, 218 science program planning, 51-52 to sustain and encourage reform, 223 teachers as resource, 218-219 time as resource, 219 Risk-benefit analysis, as scientific concept, 167, 169 S Safety, 44 Scheduling of classes, 44, 219 Science for All Americans, 14, 15 Science Olympiad, 39-41 Scientific inquiry, 23-24 abilities for, 145, 148, 175-176 grades K-4, 122-123 grades 5-8, 145-148 grades 9-12, 175-176 assessment of student achievement, 98-100 characteristics of, 2 classroom environment for, 44 classroom resources for, 220 in college/university preparation of science teachers, 61 defined, 214 developing student abilities and understanding grades K-4, 121-122 grades 5-8, 143-145 grades 9-12, 173-175 in development of teaching and learning models, 31 example of implementation in classroom, 34-35, 146-147 forms of, in classroom, 33 fundamental concepts underlying standards for grades K-4, 123 grades 5-8, 148 grades 9-12, 176 grades K-4, content standard for, 105, 121-123 grades 5-8, content standard for, 105, 143-148 grades 9-12, content standard for, 105, 173-176 historical development of, standards for understanding, 104, 107 meaning of, to students, 173-174 peer review of, 174 personal and social development and, 104, 107 professional development standards for teachers, 59 as program component, 214 responsibilities of system personnel in teaching of, 212 in science learning process, 2, 105 scientific method and, 144-145 skills assessment, 6 student collaboration in, 50 student evaluation of scientific studies and results, 171, 202-203 teacher's management of, 33, 36 technology as design and, 107, 166 See also Scientific literacy Scientific knowledge and understanding assessment of, 82 of cause-and-effect, 145 of chemical reactions, 179 college/university education of teachers, 60-61, 238 of constancy and change, 117-118 cultural and traditional elements of, 21 curriculum design for, 213 of earth and space, 130-134, 158-161, 187-190 of energy, 154, 155, 157, 178, 180-181, 186-187, 189 of environmental and resource issues, 139, 140, 198-199 of evolution and equilibrium, 119 of form and function, 119 goals of standards, 13 as human endeavor, 141, 170, 200-201 lifelong learning, 68-69 of living systems and organisms, 127-129, 155-158, 186-187 of measurement, 118, 126-127, 149 of motions and forces, 127, 154, 179-180 of natural selection, 181-184, 185 nature of, 23 pedagogical content knowledge, 62-68 of population issues, 140 of prediction, 116-117, 145, 148 of probability, 116-117
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