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Outcome Measure
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Beneficial Needle Exchange Program Effect
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Mixed or Neutral Needle Exchange Program Effect
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Adverse Needle Exchange Program Effect
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Drug risk sharing frequency
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Amsterdama,b (Hartgers et al., 1989); London/SW Englanda (Dolan et al., 1991) (Donoghoe et al., 1991); New South Wales (Schwartzkoff, 1989); New York City (Paone et al., 1993); Portlanda (Oliver et al., 1991) (Oliver et al., 1992) (Des Jarlais and Maynard, 1992); San Franciscoa (Watters and Cheng, 1991) (Guydish et al., 1989) (Feldman et al., 1989); Tacoma (Hagan et al., 1991b) (Hagan et al., 1992a); Tacoma (Hagan et al., 1993); Walesa (Stimson et al., 1991)
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Amsterdama (Hartgers et al., 1992) Amsterdama (van Ameijden et al., 1993) England/Scotlanda (Donoghoe et al., 1989) (Stimson et al., 1988) (Stimson et al., 1989) Manchestera (Klee et al., 1991)
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Giving away used needles
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London/SW Englanda (Dolan et al., 1991) (Donoghoe et al., 1991); Tacoma (Hagan et al., 1991b) (Hagan et al., 1992a); Tacoma (Hagan et al., 1993)
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Amsterdam (van Ameijden et al., 1993)
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Manchestera (Klee et al., 1991)
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Needle cleaning
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New South Wales (Schwartzkoff, 1989); Portlanda (Oliver et al., 1991) (Oliver et al., 1992) (Des Jarlais and Maynard, 1992); Tacoma (Hagan et al., 1993)
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Amsterdam (Hartgers et al., 1992)
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