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OCR for page 254
GLOSSARY
American marten: Martes americana
anadromous salmon: salmon that spawn in freshwaters and migrate to
the ocean
bald eagle: HaZiaeetus ZeucocephaZus
Barrow's goldeneye: BucephaZa isZandica
biodiversity: the number and genetic variability of plant, animals, and
microbial species that live in a given location
biomass: broadly, all of the organic material on a given area; in a more
narrow sense, burnable vegetation to be used for fuel in a combustion
system
black bear: Ursus americanus canadensis
black-backed woodpecker: Picoictes arcticus
boar~foot: unit of measurement for lumber and saw logs; refers to a 12
x 12 x ~ inch board or a segment of a log that will produce boards
with these dimensions
borealowI: AegoZiusfunereus
buffer strip (or zone): strip of land varying in size and shape, intended
to preserve or enhance aesthetic values around recreation sites and
along roads, trails, or water
brown-headed cowbird: MoZothrus ater
butt rot: decay or rot characteristically confined to the base or lower
bole of a tree
California red-backed vole: CZethrionomys caZifornicus
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OCR for page 255
Glossary
255
canopy: more or less continuous cover of branches and foliage formed
collectively by adjacent tree crowns
canyon live oak: Quercus chrysolepis
chestnut-backed chickadee: Parus ruiescens
chinook: Oncorhynchus tschawylscha
choker: short length of flexible wire, rope, or chain used to attach logs
to a winch line or directly to a tractor
chum: Oncorhynchus keta
clearcut: a logging method in which ah trees in an area are harvested,
regardless of age or size
climax forest: plant community dominated by trees representing the
culminating stage of natural succession for that specific locality and
environment
climax species: plant species that wit! remain essentially unchanged in
terms of species composition for as long as the site remains undis-
turbed
coastal cutthroat trout: Oncorhynchus cZarki
coho: Oncorhynchus kisutch
common nighthawk: ChordeiZes minor
competition: struggle among trees and other vegetation, generally for
limited nutrients, light, and water present on a site
conifer: tree that is a gymnosperm, usually evergreen, with cones and
needle-shaped or scalelike leaves, producing wood known commer-
cially as softwood
controlled burning: use of fire to destroy logging debris, reduce
buildups of dead and fallen timber, control tree diseases, and clear
land
crown ~inning: removing live growth in a tree crown to admit light,
reduce weight, and lessen wind resistance
density: number of trees per unit area of land
dbh: diameter at breast height; measure of a tree at 4.5 feet above
ground level
Dolly Varden trout: SaZveZinus maZma
Douglas-fir: Pseudotsuga menziesii
Douglas-fir bark beetle: Dend~roctonus pseudlotsugae
down wood: large logs on the forest floor
dwarf mistletoe: Arceuthobium spy.
OCR for page 256
256
Pacific Northwest Forests
Eastside: area from the Cascade crest east through eastern Washington
and Oregon and central Idaho; much drier than the Westside
ectomycorrhizal relationship: a symbiotic relationship between a
fungus and the external roots of certain plants
effective population size: the number of breeding adults that would
provide the rate of inbreeding observed in a population if mating
were random and the sexes were equal in number
Engelmann spruce: Picea engeZmannii
even-aged stand: stand of trees in which there are only small differ-
ences in age among the individual trees
extensive margin: forests previously economically unsuitable for
harvesting
extractive jobs: jobs related to timber harvesting and removal
fel~field: rocky soil-less slopes at high elevations
FEMAT: Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team, created by
President Clinton in 1993
fiber: wood volume produced by a tree or trees that can be converted
into wood products, such as lumber, paper, or cardboard; also known
as pulpwood
financial rotation: rotation of tree crops determined solely by financial
considerations to obtain the highest monetary values over time, in
terms of optimum net present value or return on investment
fireweed: Epilobiumangustifolium
fisher: Martespennanti
flammulated owl: Otusflammeolus
flicker: CoZaptes auratus
forest floor: general term for the surface layer of soil supporting forest
vegetation; includes all dead vegetation on the mineral soil surface in
the forest as well as litter and unincorporated humus
golden chinquapi: Castanea pumila
golden-crowned king:let: ReguZus satrapa
"olden-crowned sparrow: ZonotrichioatricapiZZa
goldeneye: BucephaZacZanguZa
goshawk: AccipitergentiZis
grand fir: Abiesgrandis
gray wolf: Canis lupus
OCR for page 257
Glossary
great gray owl: Strix nebuZosa
grizzly bear: Ursus arctos horribiZis
257
hardwood: dicotyledonous trees, usually broad-leaved and deciduous
harvesting: removing merchantable trees
hermit warbler: Dendroica occiclentaZis
Indian Paint fungus: Echinodontiumlinctorium
intensive margin: forests that already have been supplying wood to
markets
ISC: Interagency Scientific Committee
kestrel: FaZco sparverius
legacies: changes that occur or remain as a result of disturbance, e.g.,
residual debris, seed banks, advanced regeneration, and surviving
plants and animals that influence future change
Lewis' woodpecker: MeZanerpes lewis
Isobaric oregona: a nitrogen-fixing lichen
lodgepole pine: Pinus contorta
loggerhead shrike: Lanius Zudovicianus
lynx: Eynxcanadensis
manzanita: ArctostaphyZos
marbled murrelet: Brachyramphus marmoratus
mineralization: the process by which elements present in organic
compounds are eventually converted into inorganic forms, ultimately
to become available for a new cycle of plant growth
moose: AZces vices
mountain bluebird: Sialia currucoides
mountain chickadee: ParusgambeZi
mountain hemlock: Tsuga mertensiana
Multiple-use forestry: concept of forest management that combines two
or more objectives, such as production of wood or wood-derivative
products, forage and browse for domestic livestock, proper environ-
mental conditions for wildlife, landscape effects, protection against
floods and erosion, recreation, and protection of water supplies
OCR for page 258
258
NFP: Northwest Forests Plan
noble fir: Abies procera
northern spotted owl: Strix occidentaZis caurina
Pacific Northwest Forests
olive-sided flycatcher: Contopus cooper)
Option 9: one of the management choices presented to President
Clinton by FEMAT in 1993; it has since been revised and termed the
Northwest Forests Plan
OSB: oriented strand board
osprey: Pandion haZiaetus
overstory: tan, mature trees that rise above the shorter immature
understory trees
Pacific madrone: Arbutus menziesii
Pacific silver fir: Abies amabiZZis
Pacific-siope flycatcher: Empidonox difi5iciZis
Pacific yew: Taxus brevifoZia
patchiness: small islands of regenerating trees scattered through a
matrix of older trees
peregrine falcon: FaZcoperegrinus
pileated woodpecker: Dryocopus piZeatus
pink salmon: Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
plantation: forest stand regenerated artificially either by sowing or
planting
ponderosa pine: Pinusponderosa
Port Orford cedar root rot: PhytopEthora ZateraZis
pulp: mechanically ground or chem~caBy digested wood used in
manufacturing paper and aDied products
pulpwood: wood cut or prepared primarily for wood pulp and
subsequent manufacture into paper, fiberboard, or other products,
depending largely on the species cut and the pulping process
rainbow trout: Oncorhynchus mykiss
red alder: AZnus rubra
red fir: Abies magnifies
red-breasted sapsucker: Sphyrapicus rugar
red-eyed vireo: Vireo oZivaceus
OCR for page 259
Glossary
redwood: Sequoia sempervirens
resinosis: exudation of pitch often characateristic of disease
ring rot: rot localized mainly in the springwood of the growth rings,
giving a concentric pattern of decayed wood in the cross section of a
tree or{og
rotation: years between establishment of a stand of timber and the time
when it is considered ready for final harvest and regeneration
roundwood products: logs, bolts, or other round sections cut from trees
for industrial or consumer use
rufous hummingbird: SeZasphorus rufus
sapling: young tree less than 4 inches in dbh
SAT: Scientific Analysis Team
scree: loose rocks or stones
silviculture: science of cultivating (such as with growing and tending)
forest crops, based on the knowledge of silvics;.more explicitly, the
theory and practice of controlling the establishment, composition,
constitution, and growth of forests
Sitka spruce: Picea sitchensis
snag: a standing dead tree or portion of a tree from which most of the
foliage, limbs, etc., have fallen
snowbrush: Ceanothusvelutinus
sockeye salmon: Oncorhynchus nerka
southern pine beetle: Dendroctonusirontalis
sporocarp: the fruit cases of certain non-seed-producing plants
. . ~
containing sporang~a or spores
spruce budworm: Choristoneura occidentaZis
stand: a tree community that possesses sufficient uniformity in
composition, constitution, age, spatial arrangement, or condition to
be distinguishable from adjacent communities
steelhead trout: Oncorhynchus mykiss
stocks: salmon: geneticaDydistinctlines
subalpine fir: Abies Zasiocarpa
substrate: a surface on which a plant or animal grows or is attached
Swainson's thrush: Catharus ustuZatus
259
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tanoak: Lithocarpus dlensi.forus
Representative terms from entire chapter:
president clinton
