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Nursing, Health, and the Environment (1995)

Chapter: References

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Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1995. Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4986.
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Page 121
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1995. Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4986.
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Page 122
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1995. Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4986.
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Page 123
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1995. Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4986.
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Page 124
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1995. Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4986.
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Page 125
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1995. Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4986.
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Page 126
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1995. Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4986.
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Page 127
Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1995. Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4986.
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Page 128

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REFERENCES 121 References AACN (American Association of Colleges of Nursing). 1986. Essentials of College and University Education for Professional Nursing: Final Report. Washington, DC: AACN. AACN. 1991. Nursing Education's Agenda for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: AACN. AACN. 1994. Certification and Regulation of Advanced Practice Nurses: Position Statement . Washington, DC: AACN. AACN. 1995. AACN 1994– 1995 Enrollment and Graduations Baccalaureate and Graduate Programs in Nursing. Washington, DC: AACN. ACHNE (Association of Community Health Nursing Educators). 1991. Essentials of Master's Nursing Education for Advanced Community Health Nursing. Lexington, KY: ACHNE. ACHNE. 1992. Essentials of Baccalaureate Nursing Education for Entry Level Practice in Community Health Nursing. Skokie, IL: ACHNE. Aiken, L.H. and Salmon, M.E. 1994. Health care work force priorities: What should nursing do now? Inquiry 31:318–29. Amler, R.W., and Lybarger, J.A. 1993. Research program for neurotoxic disorders and other adverse health outcomes at hazardous chemical sites in the United States of America. Environmental Research 61(2):279–84. ANA (American Nurses Association). 1980. A Conceptual Model of Community Health Nursing. Kansas City, MO: ANA. ANA. 1986. Standards of Community Health Nursing Practice. Kansas City, MO: ANA. ANA. 1991. Nursing Agenda for Health Care Reform. Washington, DC: ANA. Anderson, E.T., and McFarlane, J.M. 1995. Community as Partner: Theory and Practice of Nursing. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. APHA (American Public Health Association). 1980. The Definition and Role of Public Health Nursing in the Delivery of Health Care: A Statement of the Public Health Nursing Section. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association. Ashford, N.A. 1994. Monitoring the worker and the community exposure and disease: Legal and ethical considerations in the U.S. Clinical Chemistry 40(7):1426–37.

REFERENCES 122 ATS (American Thoracic Society). 1990. Environmental controls and lung disease. American Review of Respiratory Disease 142:915. ATSDR. 1988. The Nature and Extent of Lead Poisoning in Children in the U.S.: A Report to Congress. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services. ATSDR. 1991. Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (No. 16)—Nitrate/Nitrite Toxicity. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services. ATSDR. 1992. Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (No. 26)—Taking an Exposure History. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services. Baldwin, D., Johnson, J., and Hill, P. 1994. Student satisfaction with classroom use of computer- assisted instruction. Nursing Outlook 42:188–92. Barnes, D., Eribes, C., Juarbe, T., Nelson, M., Proctor, S., Sawyer, L., Shaul, M., and Meleis, A.I. 1995. Primary health care and primary care: A confusion of philosophies. Nursing Outlook 43(1):7–16. Bellack, J.P., Musham, C., Hainer, A., Graber, D.R., and Holmes, D. 1995. Environmental Health Competencies: A Survey of U.S. Nurse Practitioner Programs. Unpublished Report. Charleston: Medical University of South Carolina. BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 1995. Work injuries and illnesses by selected characteristics, 1993. Washington, DC: Department of Labor News, April 26. BLS. 1995. National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 1993. Washington, DC: Department of Labor, May 15. Boex, J.R., Gary, M., Edwards, J., Marder, W., and Politzer, R. 1993. Primary Care Practitioners: Analyses of Competencies, Costs, and Quality of Care and the Effect of Training Upon Their Supply. Ann Arbor, MI : W.K. Kellogg Foundation. Bowers, J.J. 1994. Letter on Behalf of ANCC Certification Query for Environmental Health Nursing. Washington, DC: American Nurses Credentialing Center, September 27. Brown, S.A., Duchin, S.P., and Villagomez, E.T. 1992. Diabetes education in a Mexican American population: pilot testing of a research videotape. Diabetes Educator 1:47–51. Buckler, G. 1994. The effect of indoor air quality on health. Imprint 41(3):60–5, 93. Bullough, B., and Bullough, V. 1990. Nursing in the Community. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 1991a. Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services. CDC. 1991b. Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health. Atlanta: CDC and National Association of County Health Officials. CDC. 1995. Deaths from Melanoma—United States, 1973–1992. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 5. CEPH (Council on Education for Public Health). 1986. Accreditation Criteria for Graduate Schools of Public Health. Washington, DC: CEPH. CEPH. 1993. Accreditation Criteria for Graduate Schools of Public Health. Washington, DC: CEPH. Chiras, D.D. 1994. Environmental Science: Action for a Sustainable Future. Redwood City, CA.: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing. Chivian, E., McCally, M., Hu, H., and Haines, A. 1993. Critical Condition: Human Health and the Environment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Clawson, K., and Osterweis, M., eds. 1993. The Roles of Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners in Primary Care. Washington, DC: Association of Academic Health Centers. Clemen-Stone, S., Eigsti, D.G., and McGuire, S.L. 1995. Comprehensive Family and Community Health Nursing 4th ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby. CPHF (California Public Health Foundation). 1992. Kids and the Environment: Toxic Hazards, A Course on Pediatric Environmental Health. Berkeley: CPHF. Cutter, S.L. 1993. Living With Risk. New York: Routledge, Chapman, and Hall, Inc.

REFERENCES 123 Davis, AJJ., and Aroskar, M.A. 1991. Ethical Dilemmas in Nursing Practice. 3rd ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange. Davis, M.E.P. 1990. Construction, sanitation, and hygiene. American Journal Nursing 1(2):133. Daynes, R.A. 1990. Immune system and ultraviolet light. In Global Atmospheric Change and Public Health, J.C. White, ed. New York: Elsevier. DeAngelis, C.D. 1994. Nurse practitioner redux. JAMA 271(11):868–71. Demers, P. 1990. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic radiation and breast cancer in males. American Journal of Epidemiology 132:775–6. DeWitt, K. 1990. Specialties in nursing. American Journal of Nursing 1(1):14–17. DHHS (Department of Health and Human Services). 1979. Healthy People 2000: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Pub No. HRS-POD-90-1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. DHHS. 1986. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General. Pub. No. 87- 8398. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. DHHS. 1988. Evaluating the Environmental Health Workforce. Pub. No. 0907160. Washington, DC: Health Resources and Services Administration. DHHS. 1990. Healthy People 2000: The Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Pub. No. 91- 50212. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. DHHS. 1990. Seventh Report to the President and Congress on the Status of Health Personnel. Washington, DC: DHHS. DHHS. 1991. Educational Resource Centers. Cincinnati, OH: Division of Training and Manpower Development, National Institute of Occupational Health. Donaldson, S. 1995. Nursing Science for Nursing Practice (chapter 1). In Search of Nursing Science, A. Omery et al., eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Donaldson, S., and Crowley, D. 1978. The discipline of nursing. Nursing Outlook 26(22):113–20. Environmental Studies Board, Commission on Natural Resources. 1988. Urban Pest Management. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 1990. Evaluation of the Potential Carcinogenicity of Electromagnetic Fields . Pub. No. EPA/600/6–9/005A. Washington, DC: EPA. EPA. 1992. Environmental Equity: Reducing Risk for All Communities. Pub. No. EPA 230-R-92 008. Washington, DC: EPA. Fagin, C.M., and Lynaugh, J.E. 1992. Reaping the rewards of radical change: A new agenda for nursing education. Nursing Outlook 40(5):213–20. Gary, F., and Kavanagh, C.T. 1991. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Goldman, R.H., and Peters, J.M. 1981. The occupational and environmental health history. JAMA 246(24):2831-36. Gorall, A.H., May, L.A., and Mulley, A.G. 1995. Primary Care Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Gortner, S. 1990. Nursing values and science: Toward a science philosophy. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 22(2):101–8. Green, L.W. 1990. Community Health. 6th ed. St. Louis: Times Mirror/Mosby. Haines, A. 1993. The possible effects of climate change on health. In Critical Condition: Human Health and the Environment, M. Chivian et al., eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Havens, B.B., and Stevens, R. 1990. A continuing education model for community health nursing practice. Journal of Community Health Nursing 7(3):123–30.

REFERENCES 124 Hersey, P. et al. 1983. Alteration in T cell subsets and induction of suppressor T cell activity in normal subjects after exposure to sunlight. Journal of Immunology 31:171-4. HRSA (Health Resources and Services Administration). 1992. Registered Nurse Population as Findings from the Sample Survey of Registered Nurses: March 1992. Rockville, MD: Division of Nursing, HRSA. Hu, H. 1990. Effects of ultraviolet radiation. Medical Clinics of North America 74:509–14. ICN (International Council of Nurses). 1986. The Nurse's Role in Safeguarding the Human Environment. Geneva, Switzerland: International Council of Nurses. INFORM, Inc. 1995. Toxics Watch 1995. New York: INFORM, Inc. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1988. Future of Public Health. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. IOM. 1993. Indoor Allergins: Assessing and Controlling Adverse Health Effects. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. IOM. 1995. Environmental Medicine: Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Jacques, P.F., and Chylack, L.T., Jr. 1991. Epidemiologic evidence of a role for the antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids in cataract prevention. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53 (Suppl. 1): 352S–5S. Jones, D.C., Davis, J.A., and Davis, M.C. 1987. Public Health Nursing Education and Practice. Springfield, VA: Department of Health and Human Services. Kalisch, P.A., and Kalisch, B.J. 1986. The Advance of Nursing, 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. Keatinge, W.R., Coleshaw, S.R., and Eastern, J.C. 1986. Increased platelet and red cell counts, blood viscosity and plasma cholesterol levels during heat stress and mortality from coronary and cerebral thrombosis. American Journal of Medicine 81:795–800. Kilbourne, EM. 1990. Heat waves: The Public Health Consequences of Disasters. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services. Koch, E.W., Rankin, J.A., and Stewart, R. 1990. Nursing students' preferences in the use of computer assisted learning. Journal of Nursing Education 29:122–6. Langford, T.L. 1990. Rural Health care in the 'future perfect.' Academic Medicine 65(suppl. 12):540–542. Leikauf, G.D. 1992. Formaldehyde and other aldehydes. In Environmental Toxicants: Human Exposures and Their Health Effects, M. Lippmann, ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Lindberg, J.B., Hunter, M.L., and Kruszewski, A.Z. 1994. Introduction to Nursing: Concepts, Issues and Opportunities. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Lindeman, C. 1993. President's message: To prepare a preventionist. Nursing and Health Care 14 (9):486. Lipscomb, J. 1994a. Environmental Health Curricula. Presentation at the Institute of Medicine, Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in the Practice of Nursing, Washington, DC, August 4 . Lipscomb, J. 1994b. Environmental health: Assuming a leadership role. AAOHN Journal 42(7):314– 5. Longstreth, J. 1990. Skin cancer and ultraviolet light: Risk estimates due to ozone depletion. In Global Atmospheric Change and Public Health, J.C. White, ed. New York: Elsevier. Lowdermilk, D.L., and Fishel, A.H. 1991. Computer simulations as a measure of nursing students' decision-making skills. Journal of Nursing Education 30(1):34-9. Lybarger, J.A., Spengler, R.F., and DeRosa, C.T. 1993. Priority Health Conditions: An Integrated Strategy to Evaluate the Relationship Between Illness and Exposure to Hazardous Substances. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Lynaugh, J.E., and Fagin, C.M. 1988. Nursing comes of age. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 20(4):184–90.

REFERENCES 125 Marquis, B.L., and Huston, C.J. 1992. Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Maston, Y., and Connover, K.P. 1990. Automated continuing education and patient education. Computers in Nursing 8(4):144–50. Matanowski, G., Elliot, F., and Breysse, P. 1989. Cancer Incidence in New York Telephone Workers. New York: Electric Power Research Institute. Mausner, J.S., and Kramer, S. 1985. Epidemiology: An Introductory Text. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. McLaughlin, F.E., and Marasuilo, L.A. 1990. Advanced Nursing and Health Care Research. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Miller, T. 1993. Environmental Science: Sustaining the Earth, 4th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Moore, E.J. 1990. Visiting nurse. American Journal of Nursing 1(1):17–21. Morrow, M.M. 1992. Medicare Physician Payment Reform: Implications for Nurse Practitioners. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 4(1):38–43. Moses, M. 1993. Pesticides. In Occupational and Environmental Reproductive Hazards, M. Paul, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkens. Mundinger, M.O. 1994. Advanced-practice nursing—good medicine for physicians? New England Journal of Medicine 330(3):211–4. Murray, R.B., and Zentner, J.P. 1989. Nursing Assessment and Health Promotion: Strategies Through the Life Span. 4th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange. NACHO (National Association of County Health Officials). 1991. APEX—Public Health. Washington, DC: NACHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Narkunas, D., Hibbs, B., Phillips, L., Middleton, D., and Lum, M. 1994. Clues to Unraveling the Association Between Illness and Environmental Exposure. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. NCSBN (National Council of State Boards of Nursing). 1994. Profiles of Member Boards—1994. Chicago, NCSBN. NCNR (National Center for Nursing Research). 1993. National Nursing Research Agenda: Developing Knowledge for Practice: Challenges and Opportunities. Bethesda, MD: NCNR. Needleman, H.L., Gunnoe, C., Leviton, A., Reed, R., Peresie, H., Maher, C., and Barrett, P. 1979. Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels . New England Journal of Medicine 300(13):689–95. Needleman, H.L., and Landrigan, P.J. 1994. Raising Children Toxic Free. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Inc. Needleman, H.L., Schell, A., Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., and Allred, E.N. 1990. The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood: An 11-year follow-up report. New England Journal of Medicine 322(2):83–8. Neufer, L. 1994. The role of the community health nurses in environmental health. Public Health Nursing 11(3):155-–62. Nightingale, F. 1860. Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not. New York: D. Appleton and Co. Reprint, 1969. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. NLN (National League for Nursing). 1992. An Agenda for Nursing Education Reform in Support of Nursing—Agenda for Health Care Reform. New York: NLN. NLN. 1994. Nursing Data Review—1994. New York: NLN. NRC(National Research Council). 1984. Toxicity Testing: Strategies to Determine Needs and Priorities. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 1986. Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 1991. Environmental Epidemiology: Public Health and Hazardous Wastes. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

REFERENCES 126 NRC. 1993a. Understanding and Preventing Violence. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 1993b. Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. O'Reilly, M.B.. 1990. Work for nurses in play-schools. American Journal of Nursing 1(1):37–9. Oermann, M.H. 1994. Professional nursing education in the future: Changes and challenges. JOGNN 23(2):153–9. Ostwalt, S., and Josten, L. 1994. Preparation of Public Health Nurses for Leadership Positions. Presentation at the Association of Community Health Nursing Educators Conference, San Antonio, Texas, June. Paul, M. 1993. Occupational and Environmental Reproductive Hazards: A Guide for Clinicians. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins. Paul, R.W. 1993. Critical Thinking: How to Prepare Students for a Rapidly Changing World. Santa Rosa, CA: Foundation for Critical Thinking. Pender, N.J. 1992. Environmental compatibility: accepting the challenge. Nursing Outlook 40 (5):200–1. PHS (Public Health Service). 1992. Nursing: Eighth Report to the President and Congress on the Status of Health Personnel. Washington, DC: PHS. PHS. 1994. Public Health in America. Washington, DC: PHS. Pierson, M.H. 1990. The Orange visiting nurses' settlement. American Journal of Nursing 1(4):276– 7. Polit, D.F., and Hungler, B.P. 1995. Nursing Research: Principles and Methods. 5th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Prescott, P. 1993. Nursing: An important component of hospital survival under a reformed health care system. Nursing Economics 11(4). Redman, B. 1994. Nursing Practice in the Changing Environment of Health Care Reform. Presentation to the IOM Committee on Enhancing Environmental Health Content in Nursing Practice, August 4, 1994; Washington, DC . Rogers, B. 1991. Occupational health nursing education: Curricular content in baccalaureate programs. AAOHN Journal 39(3):101–8. Rogers, B. 1994. Linkage in environmental and occupational health: Assessing, detecting, and containing exposure sources. AAOHN Journal 42(7):336–43. Rom, W.N., ed. 1992. Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. Rosenthal, F.S., Bakalian, A.E., Lou, C.Q., and Taylor, H.R. 1988. The effects of sunglasses on ocular exposure to ultraviolet radiation. American Journal of Public Health 78(1):72–4. Rutstein, D.D., Mullan, R.J., Frazier, T.M., Halperin, W.E., Melius, J.M, and Sestito, J.P. 1983. Sentinel health events (occupational): A basis for physician recognition and public health surveillance. American Journal of Public Health 73(9):1054–62. Safriet, B.J. 1994. Health care dollars and regulatory sense. Yale Journal of Regulation 9(2):15–20. Samet, J.M., Marbury, M.C., and Spengler, J.D. 1987. Health effects and sources of indoor air pollution. Part I. American Review of Respiratory Disease 136:1486–90. Saucier, K.A. 1991. Perspectives on Family and Community Health. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby. Savitz, D.A. 1988. Case-control study of childhood cancers and exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields: Review of epidemiological surveys. American Journal of Epidemiology 128(1):21–38. Savitz, D.A., and Loomis, D.P. 1995. Magnetic field exposure in relation to leukemia and brain cancer mortality among electric utility workers. American Journal of Epidemiology 141 (2):123–34.

REFERENCES 127 Schare, B.L., Dunn, S.C., Clark, H.M., Soled, S.W., and Gilman, B.G. 1991. The effects of interactive video on cognitive achievement and attitude toward learning Journal of Nursing Education 30(3):109–13. Schulte, P.A. 1988. The role of genetic factors in bladder cancer. 1988. Cancer Detection and Prevention 11:379 – 88. Schuster, E.A., and Brown, C.L., eds. 1994. Exploring Our Environmental Connections. New York: National League for Nursing Press. Scovil, E.R. 1990. Openings for nurses. American Journal of Nursing 1(6):439–43. Selby, M.L., Riportella-Muller, R., Quade, D., Legault, C., and Salmon, M.E. 1990. Core curriculum for master's-level community health nursing education: A comparison of the views of leaders in service and education. Public Health Nursing 7(3):150 – 60. Sherman, J. 1988. Chemical Exposure and Disease. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Shugars, D.A., O'Neal, E.H., and Bader, J.D., eds. 1991a. Healthy America: Practitioners for 2005, An Agenda for Action for U.S. Health Professions Schools. Durham, NC: The Pew Health Professions Commission. Shugars, D.A., O'Neil, E.H., and Bader, J.D. 1991b. Survey of Practitioners' Perceptions of Their Education. Durham, NC: The Pew Health Professions Commission. Snyder, M.A., Ruth, M.V., Sattler, B., and Strasser, J. 1994. Environmental and occupational health education: A survey of community health nurses' need for educational programs. AAOHN Journal 42(7):325–8. SCCEN (Southern Council on Collegiate Education for Nursing). 1994. Strategies for Graduate Faculty Internal Demands Versus External Realities. Atlanta: SCCEN. Stanhope, M., and Lancaster, J. 1992. Community Health Nursing: Process and Practice for Promoting Health 3rd ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby. Stevens, P., and Hall, J. 1993. Environmental health. In Swanson, J. and Albracht, M. eds., Community Health Nursing, J. Swanson and M. Albracht, eds. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Suro, R. 1992. Rash of Birth Defects in New Borns Disturbs Border City in Texas. New York Times 31 May:3. Tarcher, A.B., ed. 1992. Principles and Practice of Environmental Medicine. New York: Plenum Publishing Co. Taylor, H.R. 1990. Cataracts and ultraviolet light. In Global Atmospheric Changes and Public Health, J.C. White, ed. New York: Elsevier. Topf, M. 1994. Theoretical considerations for research on environmental stress and health. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 26(4):289–93. Waltz, C., Strickland, O.L., and Lenz, E. 1991. Measurement in Nursing Research. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Wertheimer, N., and Leeper, E. 1986. Possible effects of electric blankets and heated waterbeds on fetal development. Bioelectromagnetics 7(1):13–22. Wertheimer, N., and Leeper, E. 1989. Fetal loss associated with two seasonal sources of electromagnetic field exposures. American Journal of Epidemiology 129:220–4. Wold, S.J. 1990. Community Health Nursing: Issues and Topics. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange. World Health Organization. 1978. Primary Health Care: Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care. Geneva: WHO. Yunginger, J.W., Reed, C.E., O'Connell, E.J., Melton, L.J., O'Fallon, W.M., and Silverstein, M.D. 1992. A community-based study of the epidemiology of asthma. American Review of Respiratory Disease 146(4):888–94.

128 Florence Nightingale on horseback with her friends (Mr. Bracebridge and others) on Cathcart's Heights near Sebastopol, May 1855. Sketched on the spot by her friend Selina Mills, afterward Lady Bracebridge. Lithograph made from the finished drawing by Lady Verney and Lady Anne Blunt. Privately issued. Property of Duke University Medical Center Library, History of Medicine Collections, Durham, NC.

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America's nurses, an estimated 2 million strong, are often at the frontlines in confronting environmental health hazards. Yet most nurses have not received adequate training to manage these hazards.

Nursing, Health, and the Environment explores the effects that environmental hazards (including those in the workplace) have on the health of patients and communities and proposes specific strategies for preparing nurses to address them.

The committee documents the magnitude of environmental hazards and discusses the importance of the relationship between nursing, health, and the environment from three broad perspectives:

  • Practice—The authors address environmental health issues in the nursing process, potential controversies over nurses taking a more activist stance on environmental health issues, and more.
  • Education—The volume presents the status of environmental health content in nursing curricula and credentialing, and specific strategies for incorporating more environmental health into nursing preparation.
  • Research—The book includes a survey of the available knowledge base and options for expanding nursing research as it relates to environmental health hazards.
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