. "Appendix D: Environmental Health Resources: Agencies, Organizations, Services, General References, and Tables of Environmental Health Hazards." Nursing, Health, and the Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1995.
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Nursing Health, & Environment: Strengthening the Relationship to Improve the Public's Health
TABLE D-1: Environmental Agents, Their Sources and Potential Exposures, and Adverse Health Effects: Metals and Metallic Compounds, Hydrocarbons, Irritant Gases, Chemical Asphyxiates, and Pesticides
Agent
Exposure
Route of Entry
Systems(s) Affected
Metals and Metallic Compounds
Arsenic
Alloyed with lead and copper for hardness; manufacturing of pigments, glass, pharmaceuticals; byproduct in copper smelting; insecticides; fungicides; rodenticides; tanning
Inhalation and ingestion of dust and fumes
Neuromuscular Gastrointestinal Skin
Pulmonary
Arsine
Accidental byproduct of reaction of arsenic with acid; used in semi-conductor industry
Inhalation of gas
Hematopoietic
Beryllium
Hardening agent in metal alloys; special use in nuclear energy production; metal refining or recovery
Inhalation of fumes or dust
Pulmonary (and other systems)
Cadmium
Electroplating; solder for aluminum; metal alloys, process engraving; nickel-cadmium batteries
Inhalation or ingestion of fumes or dust
Pulmonary Renal
Chromium
In stainless and heat-resistant steel and alloy steel; metal plating; chemical and pigment manufacturing; photography
