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Index
A
Absenteeism and workdays lost, 29
Accreditation of nursing programs, 18, 72, 99
Active listening, 46, 66
Activism, 17, 49, 256-258
Advanced practice nurses (APNs), 19, 20, 42, 54, 56, 71-72, 74-75
Advocacy
case, 5, 49, 63, 67, 254-255, 258
class, 5-6, 10, 48, 49, 51-52, 63, 66-67, 132-133, 253-262
education and training, 6, 49, 66, 67, 97, 143, 258
resources and references, 258-262
Age, 31, 33.
See also Children
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 93
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 46, 149-150, 155
Newsletter, 77
priority health conditions, 34-35
teaching modules, 64-65, 86, 94, 150
top 10 hazards list, 36-37
Agricultural chemicals, see Fertilizers;
Pesticides
Air quality and contamination, 16, 24, 25, 26, 28, 34, 147
Allergies and allergens, 28, 41
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), 65, 71, 74-75, 174
American Association of Critical Care Nurses, 115
American Association of Diabetes Educators, 115
American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN), 51, 107, 109, 117, 175
American Board for Occupational Health Nurses, Inc. (ABOHN), 53,54, 179
American Nurses Association (ANA), 40-41, 51, 55, 76, 94, 99, 107, 109, 174, 181
Nursing Social Policy Statement, 48, 62
American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), 53, 54
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American Public Health Association (APHA), 51, 181-182, 262
Anesthetic gases, 137
Antineoplastic agents, 136
Arsenic, 29, 36, 212-213
Asbestos, 16, 24
Assault, see Violence
Assessment and referral, 5, 6, 39, 41, 62, 75, 77, 80, 131, 143,144, 243
Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health, 45-46
Associate degree (AD) programs, 19, 20, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 98, 146
Association of Community Health Nursing Educators (ACHNE), 71
Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC), 65, 182-189, 262
Asthma, 3, 15, 28, 39, 147
B
Baccalaureate degree programs, 6, 19-20, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75-76, 78, 79, 97, 146
Back injuries, 29, 138
Basic nursing education, 7, 19, 66, 71, 72-74, 77-79, 80-82, 98,146, 147
Behavior and lifestyle, 8, 31, 71, 105
Biological hazards, 2, 14, 25, 26.
See also Infectious diseases
Biologic sanctuaries, 34
Birth defects, 17, 35
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, 94, 135, 136
Bureau of Health Professions, 40.
See also Division of Nursing, HRSA
Burnout, 139
C
California Public Health Foundation (CPHF), 40, 41, 43, 63
Campaign strategies, 257, 258
Cancer and carcinogens, 16, 35, 147
and children, 33, 112-113
occupational exposures, 18, 29, 231-232
radiation, 29, 31, 112-113, 138
Carbon monoxide, 3, 34, 226-227
Cardiovascular disease, 30, 33, 233
Carpal tunnel syndrome, 29
Case advocacy, 5, 49, 63, 67, 254-255, 258
Case Studies in Environmental Medicine, 150
Cataracts, 31
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 150-151
child lead screening recommendations, 34
invasive procedures recommendations, 135
research support, 109, 110
tuberculosis control recommendations, 136
Certification of nurses, 10, 53-54, 64, 95, 99
Chemicals and chemical hazards, 2, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28-29, 147
and genetic susceptibility, 31, 32
listings, 36-37, 212-229
in nursing, 46, 136-137
see also Carbon monoxide;
Lead and lead poisoning;
Mercury;
Pesticides
Children, 15, 18, 33-34, 146
asthma among, 3, 28
and lead poisoning, 3, 15, 33, 34, 147
CINAHL data base, 106
Class advocacy, 5-6, 10, 48, 49, 51-52, 63, 66-67, 132-133, 253-262
Clinical nurse specialists (CNS), 19, 54, 74, 75
Clues Course, 86, 94
Community health nursing, 17, 54, 75-76, 78, 81, 97, 112-113
Community Partnership Initiative in Health Professions Education and in Public Health , 89
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Community settings, 2, 13, 16, 17-18, 42, 63
activism and advocacy, 5-6, 10, 17, 48, 49, 51-52, 63, 66-67, 132-133, 253-262
clinics, 56, 135
education and training for, 19-20, 47, 66, 71, 146
risk communication in, 10, 46-47, 62, 66
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI), 87-88, 100
Computerized information resources, 199-207
Confidentiality, 52, 53
Conflict resolution, 47, 67, 256
Contest strategies, 257-258
Continuing education, 7, 11, 19, 64, 66, 86-88, 95, 98, 100, 101, 132
Cost containment and control, 54, 55, 56
Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH), 76
Credentialing, see Accreditation of nursing programs;
Certification of nurses;
Licensure of nurses
Curricula, see Nursing education
Cytotoxic drugs, 136
D
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), 45, 152
Dermal exposure, see Skin exposure and dermal absorption
Diagnosis, 39, 41, 42, 80
Dialysis facilities and procedures, 135, 137
Diploma programs, 19, 71, 72, 73, 78, 79, 98, 146
Disadvantaged populations, 16, 28
Disasters, 133
Disease clustering, 45, 66
Disinfection, 135, 137
Distance learning, 87, 95
Division of Nursing, HRSA, 89, 92.
See also National Advisory Council for Nurse Education and Practice
Doctoral-level programs, 19, 112, 113-114, 116
Downsizing, 55
Drinking water, 18, 25-26, 60, 61
E
Ecology, 2, 14
Education, see Nursing education
Educational Resources Center (ERC) programs, 77, 94, 114, 118, 155-158
Educator and information provider roles, 16, 28-29, 31, 40, 41, 42 , 43, 46-47, 52, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 132, 242, 254
Elderly population, 16, 33
Electromagnetic radiation, 112-113
Emergency department nurses, 16, 135, 136, 139, 140, 147
Emergency Nurses Association, 155
Emergency Room Nursing Foundation, 109, 110
Environmental compatibility, 70
Environmental Council of States (ECOS) directory, 167-173
Environmental health, definition of, 2, 14
Environmental health and hazards, 2-4, 14-15, 23-25, 239-242
classification of, 2, 25, 26, 27-28
as core function of nursing, 10, 13, 15-16, 39, 64
exposure limits and standards, 26, 132, 133
nursing certification, 53-54
in nursing education curricula, 75-78, 79-85
priority areas, 34-35
see also Air quality and contamination;
Biological hazards;
Chemicals and chemical hazards;
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Food quality and contamination;
Global environmental conditions;
Housing conditions;
Mechanical hazards;
Pesticides;
Psychosocial hazards;
Radiation;
Radon;
Reproductive health hazards;
Risk communication;
Soil contamination;
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation;
Violence;
Water quality and contamination;
Workplace environment and hazards
Environmental health history, 41, 43, 44-45, 55, 64, 263-270
training, 143, 146
Environmental justice, 16, 143, 146, 257
Environmental/Occupational medicine Academic Awards, 158-159
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 3, 25, 152
air quality standards, 26
drinking water standards, 25, 26, 34, 61
Epidemiology, 46, 83, 90, 112-113, 143
Ergonomics, 46, 90, 138
Ethics, 5, 10, 51-52, 62, 63, 64, 67, 240, 258
education in, 53, 80
in nursing research, 10, 53, 67
Ethylene oxide, 136, 220-221
Evaluation, 39, 42-43, 256
nursing education, 95-97
Exploratory Center Award, 117, 118
F
Family health, 41, 43, 147
Federal agencies
education support, 6, 92-94, 117
information resources, 64, 75, 93, 100, 149-161
research support, 8, 107, 109
see also under names of specific agencies
Fertilizers, 26, 60
Fish, 16, 28-29
Food quality and contamination, 13, 16, 27, 28-29, 147
Formaldehyde, 3, 34, 137, 218-219
Fruit, 28, 29
Future of Public Health, The, 88-89
G
Gases, 3, 15, 34, 137, 222-225
Generalist certification, 54, 71-72
Genetic factors, 31, 32
Gerontology nurses, 15-16
Global environmental conditions, 4, 30-31
Glutaraldehyde, 137
Gopher servers, 205
Graduate nursing education, 19, 71, 74-75, 76-77, 78, 97, 146-147
H
Halothane, 137
Hazardous substances, see Chemicals and chemical hazards
Hazardous waste sites, 3, 16, 25
Health care reform, 55-56
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), 92, 153.
See also Bureau of Health Professions;
Division of Nursing;
Maternal and Child Health Bureau;
National Advisory Council for Nurse Education and Practice
Healthy America: Practitioners for 2005, An Agenda for Action for U.S. Health Professions Schools, 69
Healthy People 2000, 73-74, 103, 104, 116
Heart disease, see Cardiovascular disease
Heat waves, 4, 30
Hepatitis, 135, 230, 236
History-taking, see Environmental health history
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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), 135, 136
Holistic perspective, 8, 13, 14, 104
Hospitals, 13, 72, 75, 134
hazards in, 135, 136, 139
Housing conditions, 3, 13, 16, 18, 27, 34, 147
I
Immune function disorders, 31, 33, 35
Independent practice, 19
Individual care, 13-14, 17, 18, 41, 42
advocacy in, 5, 49, 63, 67, 254-255, 258
Indoor air quality, 26, 28, 34
Infectious diseases
and global environmental conditions, 30, 31
nursing hazards, 135-136
occupational, 230-231
Information disclosure, 52
Information resources and references, 10, 42, 47, 62, 64, 93, 100
for advocacy practice, 258-261
computerized, 199-207
general texts, 208-210
nursing education, 6, 64-65, 80-82, 83, 84-85, 86, 93, 100
organizations and foundations, 173-197
poison control centers, 175-179
state agencies, 162-163
topical listing, 197-199
Ingestion, 24, 33, 36, 37
Inhalation exposure, 24, 26, 36, 37
Intensive care units, 137, 139
Interdisciplinary approaches education, 5, 11, 50, 65-66, 88-89, 90, 99-100
nursing practice, 4-5, 10, 19, 44, 45-46, 48, 50, 62, 65-66
research, 11, 65, 105-106, 113-114, 118, 119, 120, 256
International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), 51, 191
International Council of Nurses (ICN), 51, 65, 192
environmental health competencies, 62, 131-133
Internet information resources, 199-205
Intervention, 15, 39, 41, 42, 43, 64, 105, 256
Interviewing skills, 46, 66
Investigative role, 40, 41, 43-46, 63
Ionizing radiation, 29, 138-139
J
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations, 139
K
Kellogg, W. K., Foundation, 89, 92
Kidney dysfunction, 33, 35
L
Layoffs, 55
Lead and lead poisoning, 3, 15, 16, 33, 34, 36, 39, 147, 214-215
Legislation and regulation knowledge and promotion of, 5, 62, 132, 143, 144, 145, 146, 246
nursing education, 72, 94
restricting nursing practice, 50, 75
Licensed practical nurses (LPNs), 134, 138
Licensure of nurses, 50, 53, 64
examinations, 10, 18-19, 53, 73, 78, 95, 99
and required continuing education, 86, 95
Lifting hazards, 138
List servers, 203-204
Liver dysfunction, 33, 35
Local environmental agencies, 64, 65, 94
Local health agencies, 64, 65, 94
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Locality development, 256, 257
Long-term care, 72, 134, 135, 138, 140
Love Canal, 17
Lungs, see Respiratory function and diseases
M
Master's degree programs, 19, 71, 72, 74, 76, 113
Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 93
Mechanical hazards, 25, 26
Mediation, 6, 254, 256
MEDLINE database, 106, 206
Melanomas, 31
Men, workplace injuries, 29
Mercury, 28, 36, 137, 214-215
Methemoglobinemia, 32, 57, 60, 61
Methoxyflurane, 137
Model program development, 78-86, 99
Multidisciplinary approach, see Interdisciplinary approaches
Multimedia educational methods, 87-88, 99
N
National Advisory Council for Nurse Education and Practice (NACNEP) , 92
National Association of County Health Officials Environmental Health Project, 150
National Board for Certification of School Nurses, Inc. (NBCSN), 53, 54, 193
National Center for Environmental Health, 94, 154
National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX), 18-19, 53, 73, 78, 95
National Council of State Boards of Licensing (NCSBN), 99, 194
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 6, 34, 47, 107, 109, 117, 137, 150, 154-155
Educational Resources Center (ERC) programs, 77, 94, 114, 118, 155-158
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 107, 116, 118, 158-160
National Institute of Mental Health, 93
National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), 93, 104, 107, 109, 115, 116-117, 160
National Institute on Aging, 93
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 93-94, 117, 160
National League for Nursing (NLN), 48, 50, 71, 72, 73, 89, 99, 194-195
National Library of Medicine (NLM) databases, 205-207
National Research Service Award (NRSA), 116
NCLEX, see National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses
Needlestick injuries, 135, 136
Neighborhoods, see Community settings
Neoplasms, see Cancer and carcinogens
Networking, 259
Neurotoxicity, 35, 147, 234-235
Nightingale, Florence, 13, 49, 103
NIOSH, see National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Nitrates, 60, 61
Noise, 13
North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), 42
Notes on Nursing, 13
Nurse anesthetists, 74
Nurse-midwives, 74
Nurse practitioners (NPs), 19, 34, 42, 74, 75, 76-77, 94
Nurses' aides, 29, 138
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Nursing education, 6-7, 14, 18-20, 55, 69-72, 246, 247-249
accreditation of programs, 18, 72, 99
advocacy practice, 6, 49, 66, 67, 97, 143, 258
basic, 7, 19, 66, 71, 72-74, 77-79, 80-82, 98, 146, 147
for community settings, 19-20, 47, 66, 71, 146
competencies in environmental health, 6, 69, 71-72, 78-79, 80-82, 84-85, 98, 142-147
continuing, 7, 11, 19, 64, 66, 86-88, 95, 98, 100, 101, 132
course recommendations, 80-82, 83, 84-85
degree levels, 19-20, 72, 73, 98
environmental health content, 6, 7, 10, 18-19, 53, 70-71, 75-78, 79-85, 98-99, 143-145
environmental health history-taking, 143, 146
ethics, 53, 80
evaluation of, 95-97
faculty development, 77, 89-92, 96, 98, 99, 119
federal support and research, 6, 92-94, 117
graduate, 19, 71, 74-75, 76-77, 78, 97, 146-147
on hazards in nursing, 138, 147
interdisciplinary approaches, 5, 11, 50, 65-66, 88-89, 90, 99-100
and licensing examination, 53, 94, 97
model program development, 78-86, 99
prerequisites, 79, 83
and professional associations, 6, 11, 51, 73, 100, 101
resources and references, 6, 64-65, 80-82, 83, 84-85, 86, 93, 100
state regulation, 72, 94
on violence, 140
workplace hazards, 30, 138, 140
Nursing Education's Agenda for the 21st Century, 71
Nursing homes, see Long-term care
Nursing practice, 4-6, 13-14, 40-41
advocacy role, 5-6, 10, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47-48, 49, 51-52, 61, 62, 63, 66-67, 80, 132-133, 242, 253-259
and changes in health care delivery, 19, 54-56, 63
competencies in environmental health, 4, 5, 62, 131-133
educator and information provider roles, 16, 28-29, 31, 40, 41, 42 , 43, 46-47, 52, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 132, 242, 254
environmental health as core of, 10, 13, 15-16, 39, 64
environmental health history-taking, 41, 43, 44-45, 55, 64, 263-270
ethics, 5, 10, 51-52, 62, 63, 64, 67, 240, 258
as first contact point for health care, 1, 15, 16
hazards of, 29, 44, 46, 55, 134-140, 147
interdisciplinary approaches, 4-5, 10, 19, 44, 45-46, 48, 50, 62, 65-66
investigative role, 40, 41, 43-46, 63
reimbursement mechanisms, 14, 56, 75
see also Advanced practice nurses;
Assessment and referral;
Diagnosis;
Evaluation;
Intervention;
Licensed practical nurses;
Licensure of nurses;
Nurse practitioners;
Nursing process;
Planning;
Professional associations;
Registered nurses
Nursing process, 40, 41-43
Nursing research, 7-9, 14, 19, 44, 103-105, 133
dissemination of, 11, 120
ethics, 10, 53, 67
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funding sources, 8, 106-108, 115-117, 118, 119
interdisciplinary approach, 11, 65, 105-106, 113-114, 118, 119, 120, 256
principle investigators, 8-9, 106, 108, 109, 111, 119
professional development in, 11, 81, 85, 112-115, 116-117, 118-119
program evaluation, 256
study design and priorities, 9, 11, 110, 111-112, 119-120
Nursing's Agenda for Health Care Reform, 70
O
Obstetrics and gynecology, 16, 137
Occupational hazards, see Workplace environment and hazards
Occupational health nursing, 4, 16, 17, 50, 54
education in, 19, 76
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 161
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, 94, 135, 136
research support, 109, 110
standards for health settings, 135, 136, 137, 139
Older persons, see Elderly population
Oncology nursing, 16, 147
Oncology Nursing Society, 107, 115
Organizations and foundations listing, 173-197
and nursing education, 11, 92, 100, 101
and nursing research, 8, 106, 107, 109
policy advocacy, 262
see also Professional associations;
and under names of specific organizations
Outpatient facilities, 135, 136
Ozone depletion, 4, 30-31
P
Parent-child courses, 80, 146, 147
Particulates, 3, 15, 34
Pathways of exposure, 24
see also Air quality and contamination;
Soil contamination;
Water quality and contamination
Pediatric nursing, 15, 34, 54, 80, 135, 140, 146
Pesticides, 3, 26, 28, 29, 34, 147, 226-229
Pew Commission, 71, 92
Physical hazards, 2, 14, 25, 26
see also Mechanical hazards;
Radiation
Planning, 39, 41, 42, 256, 257
Poison control centers, 175-179
Policy-level (class) advocacy, 5-6, 10, 48, 49, 51-52, 63, 66-67, 132-133, 253-262
Pollution, see Air quality and contamination;
Soil contamination;
Water quality and contamination
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 28, 36, 222-223
Population-based practice, 17-19, 45, 74, 89
Practice, see Nursing practice
Prenatal care, 17, 31, 146, 147
Prenursing education, 79, 83
Prevention and preventive care, 13, 14, 18, 39, 40, 42, 55, 56, 58-60
education in, 70, 74
and nursing research, 8, 105
workplace violence, 30, 140
Prisons, 135, 136
Professional associations, 40, 63, 64, 65
and interdisciplinary approaches, 48, 50, 65
listing, 173-197 passim
and nursing education, 6, 11, 51, 73, 100, 101
state, 55, 65
toxic substance handling guidelines, 136
see also under names of specific organizations
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Project EPOCH-Envi, 150, 155
Promotive nursing practices, 40, 56, 144, 254
Psychosocial hazards, 2, 15, 25, 26, 146, 240.
See also Violence
Public health, 17-18, 39, 45-46, 50, 56, 94
education in, 19, 71, 72, 78, 89, 147
funding, 55-56, 63
Public Health in America, 56
Q
Quality of care standards, 55, 56, 64
R
Radiation, 28
and cancer, 29, 31, 112-113, 138
nursing hazards, 138-139
see also Radon;
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation
Radon, 2, 3, 14, 34
state contacts, 162-167
Referral, 5, 62, 64, 75, 77, 81, 143
Registered nurses (RNs), 1, 2, 14, 53, 55, 134
education and training, 7, 18-20, 66, 73, 98
injuries, 138
Repetitive motion injury, 3, 15, 29
Reproductive health hazards, 16, 35, 146, 147
Research, see Nursing research
Resources, see Information resources and references
Respiratory function and diseases, 30, 33, 35, 233-234
Restorative nursing practices, 40
Right to know, 52
Risk communication, 5, 10, 46-47, 62, 66, 75, 77, 80, 143, 256
RNs, see Registered nurses
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 92
Routes of exposure, 24, 36-37, 143
S
Satellite-based telecommunication, 87
School clinics, 94
Seafood, 16, 28-29
Secondary care, 8, 42, 58, 60, 105
Sentinel health events, 45, 62, 112, 143, 144
Shifts and work schedules, 139
Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI), 107, 109, 115, 196
Skin exposure and dermal absorption, 24, 36, 37
and aging, 33
cancer, 29, 31
Smoking, see Tobacco smoke and smoking
Social action, 256-257
Social planning, 256, 257
Soil contamination, 16, 24, 25, 147
Specialty courses and certification, 4, 19, 97, 146-147
State boards of nursing, 72, 94, 99
State Cooperative Agreements, 150
State environmental agencies, 64, 65, 93, 94
listing, 167-173
State health agencies, 64, 65
listing, 162-167
nurse employment, 94
Sterilization procedures and chemicals, 135, 136, 137
Stress, 55, 139
Superfund sites, 3, 25
Supportive nursing practices, 40, 254
Susceptibility, see Vulnerability and susceptibility
T
Teleconferencing, 87
Tertiary care, 8, 19, 42, 58, 60, 105
Tobacco smoke and smoking, 3, 15, 34, 139, 147
Toxicology, 83, 88, 90, 143, 146
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Toxic substances, see Chemicals and chemical hazards
Training, see Nursing education
Trauma nursing, 16, 147
Tuberculosis, 135-136, 230
U
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, 2-3, 4, 14, 31
Unlicensed assistant personnel (UAPs), 55
V
Vegetables, 28, 29
Violence, 15, 28
in health care settings, 140
in workplace, 29, 30, 140
Vulnerability and susceptibility, 31-34
age as factor, 31, 33
genetic factors, 31, 32
W
Water quality and contamination, 16, 24, 25-26, 27, 28-29, 60, 61, 147
Women
health courses, 147
workplace injuries and deaths, 29, 30
Workplace environment and hazards
cancer and carcinogens, 18, 29, 231-232
exposure limits and standards, 26, 137
infectious agents, 230-231
listing, 230-238
for nurses, 29, 44, 46, 55, 134-140, 147
violence, 29, 30, 140
Representative terms from entire chapter:
nursing research