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TABLE 2-1  Neurobehavioral Outcome of Prenatal Exposure in Humans or Animals
	Alcohol	Methylmercury	Ionizing Radiation	Phenytoin	PCBs	Lead	Opioids	Marijuana	Tobacco
Gross neuropathology	Pos., NDR	Pos., DR	Pos., DR	—	—	NE	NE	NE	NE
Mental retardation	Pos., DR	Pos., DR	Pos., DR	NE	?	NE	NE	NE	NE
Reduced IQ scores	Pos., DR	Pos., DR	Pos., DR	Pos., NDR	Pos., NDR	Pos., DR	NE	?	Pos., DR
Hyperactivity	Pos., DR	—	—	—	Pos., NDR	?	NE	NE	Pos., DR
Attention deficit	Pos., DR	—	—	—	—	?	?	Pos., NDR	Pos., NDR
Developmental delays	Pos., DR	Pos., DR	—	Pos., NDR	Pos., DR	—	?	Pos., NDR	Pos., DR
Gait abnormality	Pos., DR	Pos., DR	—	—	NE	NE	NE	NE	NE
Fine/gross coordination	Pos., DR	—	—	—	Pos., DR	?	?	NE	NE
Sensory deficits	Pos., DR	Pos., DR	—	—	NE	Pos., NDR	NE	NE	Pos., Dr
Neonatal withdrawal	Pos., NDR	—	—	—	—	—	Pos., DR	?	Pos., DR
NOTE: Pos., DR = Positive findings, dose-related; Pos., NDR = positive findings, non-dose-related; ? = suspected, some reports; NE = no effects; and—= not tested, unknown.