Unlike commercial air carrier simulators, there are no industrywide standards for marine simulators. Marine simulators vary greatly in mathematical hydrodynamic models, scenario databases, and algorithms. The practice by some simulator operators of adjusting simulator models can cause problems. Problems with marine simulator models—and research needed for measuring and assuring the validity of ship performance models and scenarios—are discussed in Chapter 7 and Appendix D.

In training on simulators, the concept of bridge team and bridge resource management in the marine industry is similar to that of cockpit resource management. Also, the concept of using all levels of simulators, special task through full-mission (as practiced in commercial air carrier training) for the progressive development of knowledge, skills, and abilities could be adapted to marine operations. The combined training and assessment approach approved by the FAA would, however, be very difficult—if not impractical—to implement in the marine sector.

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