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OCR for page 101
Appendix H
Glossary
basal metabolism The energy required to keep the body functioning at rest.
beta particles Charged particles emitted from the atomic nucleus during
radioactive decay. Beta particles are identical to
electrons. li3i emits beta particles.
cholesterol Chemically a lipid; also an important constituent of body
cells; also, among other functions, involved with the
formation of hormones.
colloid A type of liquid similar to a suspension. Thyroid
hormones are stored in thyroid gland in the form of
colloid.
conversion ratio A factor used to convert amount of radioactivity
administered to absorbed dose in tissue.
dose conversion See conversion ratio.
dosunetry Measurement of absorbed dose. A way to monitor
amount of radiation exposure.
E-6 Shorthand for lo-6 = I/1,000,000 (one in a million)
estrogen A group of hormones essential for normal female sexual
development and for the healthy functioning of the female
reproductive system.
excess risk The risk over and above the natural risk that may be
attributable to exposure to some agent.
excretion The discharge of waste material from the body.
extracellular fluid Fluid that exists outside a cell.
101
OCR for page 102
102 The ALL Thyroid Function Study
follicular cells Cells of thyroid glands engaged in production of thyroid
hormone.
gamma radiation Very-short-wavelength, high-energy electromagnetic
radiation emitted by radioactive material during
radioactive decay.
Geiger-Muller tube A device used to measure beta particles and gamma rays.
half-life A property of radioactive atoms. The half-life is a
measure of the rate of decay and is the tune necessary for
a quantity of radioactive atoms to decay to one-half of the
original number. ]~31 has a half-life of eight days.
hyperthyroidism A condition caused by excessive secretion of the thyroid
hormones, which increases the basal metabolic rate and
causes an increased demand for nutrients and oxygen to
support this metabolic activity.
hypothyroidism A condition due to deficiency of thyroid secretion. (This
~131
130
125
123
initiated cell
isotope
iodide
. .
mlcrocune
milliliter
condition results in lowered basal metabolism, i.e.,
obesity ~
Radioactive isotope of iodine with an atomic weight of
. ~ .
Radioactive isotope of iodine with an atomic weight of
130.
Radioactive isotope of iodine with an atomic weight of
125.
Radioactive isotope of iodine with an atomic weight of
123.
An activated cell.
Fonns of an element with the same number of protons in
the nucleus and thus the same chemical properties. li30,
Phi, and }~23 are isotopes of iodine.
A compound of iodine with another element, e.g.,
potassium iodide or sodium iodide.
Amount of radioactivity; ~ curie is equal to 37 billion
disintegrations per second (dps). ~ microcurie =
I/1,000,000 of ~ curie = 37,000 lips.
Unit of volume. ~ milliliter = I/1,000 of ~ liter.)
OCR for page 103
Appendix H
mCi
observed risk
oocyte
protein-bound thyroid
. .
rat station
red
. .
rat lolmmunoassay
radionuclides
radiopharmaceuticals
renal insufficiency
retention rate
reverse T;
roentgen
scaler
scintillation counter
standard capsule
standard error
103
~ mCi = millicurie = I/1,000 of ~ curie. (See
· .
mlcrocurle.)
The risk of incidence or mortality of a disease that has
been determined through observation or epidemiological
studies.
The early or prunitive ovum (before it has developed
completely).
Thyroid hormones bound to serum proteins.
Energy in the form of waves or particles.
Unit of absorbed dose. (See cGy. ~ red = ~ cGy.)
A laboratory technique that employs a radioactive isotope
to measure the concentration of specific substances in
blood.
A nuclide (a species of atom with a given number of
neutrons and protons in its nucleus) that is radioactive.
Drugs or medicines that contain a radionuclide.
The reduction in the ability of the kidneys to filter waste
products from the blood and excrete them in the urine, to
control the body's water and salt balance, and to regulate
the blood pressure.
The rate at which a substance is maintained in living
tissue before being removed by excretion or other
processes.
An amino acid, an inactive metabolite of T4.
Unit of radiation exposure.
An electronic device that can be used with a radiation
detector to measure radiation.
A radiation detector used to measure li31 in bodily fluids
(e.g., blood).
A fonnulation of ll31 containing a Mown amount of }~3
(usually 50-65 microcuries of lisle.
A measure of statistical variability of a number of
measurements about the mean.
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104 The ALL Thyroid Function Study
Tc-99m Technium 99, a radioactive substance commonly used in
nuclear medicines.
threshold A dose below which an effect is not observed.
thyroxine A honnone produced by the thyroid gland.
tracer dose A quantity of radioactive material too small to cause
adverse health effects.
triiodothyronine One of two fonns of the principal hormone secreted by
the thyroid gland.
T3 One of the hormones made in the thyroid. It is also
produced in extrathyroidal tissues such as the liver and
kidney.
T4 One of the hormones made in the thyroid.
,uCi Shorthand for microcurie.
uptake The process of a tissue or organ accumulating a particular
compound or substance. Thyroid uptake refers to
accumulation of iodine in the thyroid gland.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
beta particles
