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OCR for page 252
APPENDIX B
Data on Selected
Low Birthweight Trends
(Supplement to Chapter 3)
The following tables supplement those contained in Chapter 3. They
include data for the On ited States as a whole and for f ive states:
California, Massachuetts, Michigan, North Carolina, and Oregon.
For assistance in compiling the tables included in this appendix
and in Chapter 3, the committee gratefully acknowledges contributions
of the following individuals : Selma Taffel, Joel Kleinman, Jacob
Feldman, and Paul Placek at the U. S. National Center for Health
Statistics; Gary B. Pohl and Jeffrey Taylor at the Office of Vital and
Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Public Health; David Hopkins
and Nancy Clarke at the Center for Health Statistics, Oregon Department
of Human Resources, Health Division; Peter M. Chen, Elizabeth J.
Clingman, and Ronald L. Williams at the Community and Organization
Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara; Charles G.
Rothwell and Michael Patetta at the State Center for Health Statistics,
North Carolina Division of Health Services; and Charlene Zion, Irene
Klangos, and Sharon Rosen at the Division of Health Statistics,
Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
252
OCR for page 253
253
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OCR for page 254
254
TABLE B.2 Low-Weight Births (Less Than 2,500 Grams) per 1,000 Live
Births in Five States, 1968-1982
Calif.a Mass.b
MiCh.C N.c.d Oreg.e
1968 73 97
1969 71 76 91
1970 69 74 78 92
1971 66 71 77 87 57
1972 65 70 78 88 58
1973 65 71 77 87 59
1974 63 67 74 87 56
1975 63 68 74 87 57
1976 62 66 75 83 54
1977 61 64 72 80 52
1978 62 64 72 81 51
1979 60 61 71 79 52
1980 59 61 69 80 50
1981 58 59 69 79 50
1982 69 80
Average
Annual
Percent 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.7
Declinef (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.2
NOTE: All data include both singleton and multiple births. Births
with unknown birthweights are excluded.
aBased on tabulations provided by the Community and Organization
Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara .
bComputed from vital records data provided by the Division of Health
Statistics, Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
CBased on tabulations provided by Michigan Department of Public
Health, Office of Vita' and Health Statistics.
am ~~ a ~ ~ _ a ~ ~ ~
a_
ompucea Prom vital records data provided by the Division of Health
Services, Norm Carolina State Center for Health Statistics.
Abased on tabulations provided by the Center for Health Statistics,
Oregon Department of Homan Resources psalm ni`1ici^"
~ ~ ~ ~ _~- ~~- __~e
-estimated from ordinary least squares regression of the natural
logarithm of the low-weight rate against time. Standard errors in
parentheses.
OCR for page 255
255
TABLE B.3 Low-Weight Births and Late Fetal Deaths per 1,000 Live
Births and Late Fetal Deaths in Four States, 1968-1982
Calif .a M, ch.b
N.c.b oreg.b
1968 78 102
1969 76 96
1970 74 97
1971 71 93 60
1972 70 81 93 61
1973 69 81 93 63
1974 68 77 91 59
1975 66 77 91 60
1976 66 77 87 S7
1977 64 74 83 54
1978 66 74 84 53
1979 63 73 85 54
1980 62 72 83 52
1981 61 72 82 Sl
1982 72 83
Average
Annual
Percent 1.8 1 .3
DeclineC (O. . 1) (O. . 1)
1.5
(O .1)
2.0
(0 .3)
.
aLate fetal deaths include all fetal deaths weighing 500 granny or
more.
bLate fetal deaths include all fetal deaths of at least 28 weeks
gestation.
CSee Table B . 2, note f .
SOUPBONES: See footnote a, c, d, and e on Table B . 2 .
OCR for page 256
256
TABLE B.4 Effect of Adding Fetal Deaths to Live Births on Changes in
LOw B1rthweight Rates, by Race in the United States, 1973 and 1977
(Rates per 100 Live Births and Fetal Deaths)
White
Black
Birthweight Percent Percent
(grams) 1973 1977 Changea 1973 1977 Changea
Live Births
<1,500 0.94 0.89 5.3 2.28 2.37 {4 .3) b
<2,500 6.4 5.9 7.2 13.3 12.8 3 .5
Live births plus
fetal deaths, >28
weeks gestation
<1,500 1.14 2.06 7.0 2.66 2.72 (2.3)
<2,500 6.8 6.3 7.7 13.9 13.3 4.0
Live births plus
fetal deaths, >20
weeks gestation
<1,500 1.40 1.29 7.8 3.27 3.24 0.1
<2,500 7.0 6.5 8.1 14.5 13.8 4.4
aPercent change based on birthweight rates to 2 decimal places.
arentheses indicate increase.
OCR for page 257
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OCR for page 258
258
TABLE B.6 Low-Weight Births per 1,000 Live Births in Relation to Race
for Five States, 1968-1982
Calif .a Mass .b Mich .b N .c. ~ Or eg ~ ~
. . ,
W ~ S W B W B W B W B
1968 58 116 57 78 147
1969 55 115 55 73 135 72 142
1970 53 113 53 71 136 66 143 72 145
1971 51 111 53 65 113 64 144 70 135 56 118
1972 49 113 52 66 137 63 145 69 138 57 152
1973 49 112 51 68 135 63 143 70 133 57 122
1974 48 110 48 64 111 62 135 67 135 54 129
1975 47 109 49 65 115 61 138 68 135 55 109
1976 46 108 47 63 125 61 140 64 130 52 127
1977 45 108 46 61 116 59 135 61 126 50 110
1978 46 107 48 60 123 59 137 64 124 49 109
1979 44 103 46 57 114 58 137 63 126 50 111
1980 45 103 44 56 114 57 133 62 123 48 104
1981 44 101 45 55 111 57 137 61 124 47 103
1982 56 141 61 126
Average
Annual
Percent 1.9 1.0 1.8 2.2 1.4 1.3 O.4 1.6 1.2 2.0 2.6
DeclineC (0.2) (0.1 ~ (0.~) (0.2) (0.5) (0.1) (0.2) (0.2} (0.1) (0.3) (1.0)
an = white births of non-Spanish surname.
B = black births. S = white births inferred to be Spanish by surname.
~Race. refers to race of newborn. Only singleton live births included.
Births of unknown weight excluded.
be = white births. B = black births. "Race. refers to race of mother.
Both singleton and multiple live births included. Births of unknown weight
excluded.
CSee Table B.2, note f.
SOURCES: See footnotes a through e on Table B.2.
OCR for page 259
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OCR for page 260
260
TABLE B.8 Low-Weight Births Per 1,000 Live Births in Relation to
Maternal Are in Four States, 1968-1982
.
Mass. Mich. N.C. Oreg.
c20 20-34 >35 35 35 35
1968 166 94 109
1969 103 72 85 149 88 108
1970 110 69 92 105 72 83 150 89 100
1971 ll5 66 89 104 70 85 147 83 109 80 56 62
1972 127 66 78 106 70 83 140 85 98 76 56 79
1973 126 67 83 102 71 84 134 85 101 81 56 86
1974 125 62 81 101 67 88 139 84 95 75 55 69
1975 126 63 83 101 67 87 131 85 98 92 54 71
1976 120 63 73 104 68 84 138 81 88 91 51 73
1977 114 60 74 97 71 90 138 77 97 79 50 63
1978 113 60 67 100 66 84 129 79 90 86 49 55
1979 109 57 70 96 65 91 135 80 85 72 51 53
1980 106 57 66 97 64 76 131 77 91 87 48 56
1981 100 56 67 98 65 76 141 77 89 92 48 52
1982 99 65 73 133 79 81
Average
Annual
Percent 1.2 1.9 2.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.6 -0.9 1.8 3.9
Declinea (0.2) (0.1) (0.3) (0.2) (0.2) (0.5) (0.3) (0.2) (0.2) (0.8) (0.2) (1.1)
-
aSee Table B . 2, note f .
SEES: See footnotes b through e on Table B. .2 .
OCR for page 261
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OCR for page 262
262
TABLE B.10 Low-Weight Births Per 1,000 Live Births in Relation to Years
of Maternal Education in Four States, 1968-1982
Mass . Mich . N. C . Or eg .
13
13
13
13
1968 119 85 68
1969 98 71 67 114 80 64
1970 99 69 65 104 72 57 114 82 64
1971 93 69 57 106 70 55 110 78 60 80 54 44
1972 94 69 55 107 69 56 111 80 59 78 56 48
1973 97 70 55 108 69 57 110 80 61 84 56 45
1974 91 65 54 106 68 54 109 80 61 79 55 43
1975 93 67 52 105 67 57 113 79 61 76 54 48
1976 88 67 52 106 68 57 109 76 59 77 50 45
1977 89 64 50 102 66 55 106 73 56 71 53 40
1978 88 64 50 106 66 54 107 77 58 72 52 48
1979 86 61 47 100 67 53 110 78 57 72 52 40
1980 88 61 46 102 63 54 107 75 58 68 48 42
1981 87 59 46 104 66 53 110 76 55 71 48 40
1982 108 65 52 106 80 60
Average
Annual
Percent
Decliner
1.1 1.4 2.9
(0.2) (0.2) (0.3)
aSee Table B.2 ~ note f.
0.2 0.8 0.6 0~5 0.5 l.0
(0.2) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.2) (0.2)
1.9 1.3 1.0
(0.4) (0.4) (0.7)
-
SOURCES : See footnotes b through e on Table B .2
OCR for page 263
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TABLE B.13 Low-We~ght Births per 1,000 Live Births in Relation to Timing of
First Prenatal Visit in Four States, 1968-1982
.
Masa. Mich. N.C. Oreg.
First Other & First Other &
Tr im. Unknown Tr im. Unknown
First Other & First Other &
Tr im. Unknown Tr An. Unknown
1968 85 119
1969 70 93 78 117
1970 62 88 69 100 82 113
1971 64 87 69 97 79 107 53 69
1972 66 93 69 99 79 108 53 73
1973 62 101 69 99 80 107 53 74
1974 62 90 68 92 78 111 51 72
1975 63 95 67 96 79 110 50 7S
1976 62 89 67 96 76 106 46 78
1977 60 85 64 93 72 104 46 68
1978 60 88 65 94 75 102 45 67
1979 57 86 64 93 75 105 47 67
1980 56 92 63 90 74 100 44 68
1981 55 90 62 95 75 97 46 62
1982 63 97 76 97
Average
Annual
Percent 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.3 2.3 0.8
Declinea (0~2) (0.4) (0~1) (0.2) (0.2) (0.1) (0.3) (0.6)
. _ . . . .
NOTES: First Trim.. = Prenatal care initiated in the first trimester of
pregnancy. "Other & Unknown. = other prenatal care, no care, or unknown care.
aSee Table B. .2, note f.
SOURCES: See footnotes b through e on Table B.2
.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
live births
