Index
A
Accidents and emergencies, 17, 18, 46, 62
Acclimation and adaptation, 28-29
of newly acquired animals, 57, 58
Acquisition of animals, 57
Agricultural research, 4-5
Airborne contaminants, 17, 22-23, 24, 33, 62-63
Airflow, see Ventilation and airflow
Albinism, 35
Alternatives to animal research, 1, 10, 117
recommended readings, 82-83
American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC), 102-103
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS), 13, 103
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (ACLAM), 103
American Humane Association (AHA), 103-104
American Humane Education Society (AHES), 110
American Society of Heating. Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), 32
American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners (ASLAP), 104
American Society of Primatologists (ASP), 104
American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), 65, 104-105
Amphibians, recommended readings, 83
Analgesia and analgesics. 12, 64-65
recommended readings, 83-84
Anesthesia and anesthetics, 12, 63, 64-65
recommended readings, 83-85
waste gases, 17
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 112-113, 114
Animal care and use protocols, 8-11
Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC), 13, 37, 105
Animal Welfare Institute (AWI), 105
Animal Welfare Regulations (AWRs), 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 114, 117
on personnel qualifications, 13, 61
on transport, 57
on veterinary care, 13
Antibiotics, 61
Anxiolytics, 65
Apes, see Nonhuman primates
Association of Primate Veterinarians (APV), 105-106
Australia and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching (ANZCCART), 106
Autoclaving
B
Barrier entry systems, 16
changing of, 24, 29, 34, 42, 44
Behavior and behavior changes, 2, 11, 12, 22, 23, 25, 36-38
Biologic agents and hazards, 14, 16, 18, 44
recommended readings, 85-86
Biologic-safety cabinets, 17, 76
Birds, recommended readings, 87
Bordetella bronchiseptica,59
Breeding and reproduction, 47, 57
environmental conditions for, 22, 25, 35
C
cleaning and sanitation, 24, 43, 44
dimensions and space allocation, 25-28
see also Primary enclosures
Calorie restriction, 40
Canadian Association for Laboratory Animal Medicine/L'Association canadienne dela medecine des animaux de laboratoire (CALAM/ACMAL) , 106-107
Canadian Association for Laboratory Animal Science/L'Association canadienne pour la technologie des animeaux laboratoire (CALAM/ACTAL) , 106-107
Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC), 13, 107
housing requirements, 25, 28, 32
procurement, 57
recommended readings, 87
Cattle, space requirements, 26, 31, 38
Cedar shavings, 41
Ceilings, 75
Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), 107-108
Center for Laboratory Animal Welfare (CLAW), 110
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 16, 18
Cercopithecine herpesvirus,18, 59
Chairing, 11
Chemical cleaning agents, 14, 43, 62
Cleaning and sanitation, 15, 24, 34, 42-44, 72, 77-78
Clinical records, 46-47
Cold storage and refrigeration, 39, 45, 77
Committees, see Institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs)
Computer modeling
as an alternative to animal use, 10, 117
Conditioned-response protocols, 12
Construction materials, 23, 72
Contaminants
airborne, 17, 22-23, 24, 33, 62-63
recommended readings, 88-89
Cryopreservation, 47-48
D
Dehydration, 12
Diagnosis, 59-60
Diet and dietary control, 12, 39, 40
Disaster planning, 46
Disease susceptibility, 22-23, 37
Disposable clothing, 15
Distress
Diurnal cycles, 35
housing requirements, 24, 25-26, 28, 29n, 32, 38
procurement, 57
recommended readings, 87
Doors, 73
Double-corridor facilities, 16
Drafts, 31
Drugs, 11
recommended readings, 96-97
E
Education and training of personnel, 13-14, 15, 16, 117
in noise reduction, 36
recommended readings, 100-101
in surgical procedures, 61
Electric power systems, 76
Emergency procedures, 17, 18, 46, 62
Enclosures, see Cages and caging;
Primary enclosures;
Secondary enclosures
Endangered Species Act, 114-115
Entrapment, 23
Environmental conditions, 22-36
natural versus controlled, 4, 22, 25
see also Facilities;
Housing
Environmental enrichment, 21, 25, 27, 36-38
recommended readings, 88
Ergonomics, 15
Ether, 17
Ethics, recommended readings, 89
recommended readings, 89
and surgical procedures, 62, 117
Exotic and wild species, 5, 30
recommended readings, 89-90
F
Facilities, 71-79
for cleaning and sanitation, 15, 72, 77-78
for hazardous-agent experimentation, 16-17, 72, 76
recommended readings, 87-88
safety design and support, 15-16
see also Cages and caging;
Housing;
Outdoor housing;
Primary enclosures;
Secondary enclosures;
Space requirements
housing requirements, 4, 28, 30-31, 32, 38
recommended readings, 4-5, 90-91
Field studies, 5
Fighting, 37
Filter-top cages, 24, 29, 33, 58
Fish and Wildlife Service, 57, 115
Fishes, recommended readings, 83
Food and feeding, 23, 25, 38-40
bowls and devices, 26, 39-40, 43
recommended reading, 94-95
Foundation for Biomedical Research (FBR), 108
Furnishings, 23, 24, 26, 36-37
recommended readings, 88
G
Gas concentrations, 22, 33, 34
Genetics, 47-48
recommended readings, 91-92
Gerbils, 32
Groups, see Social groups and social interaction
H
recommended readings, 85-86, 88-89
Hearing protection, 17
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, 33, 34, 75-76
Height, of enclosures, 25, 26-27
HEPA filters (high-efficiency particulate air filters), 33-34, 76
Herpesvirus tamarinus, 59
Holidays, care during, 46
Horses, space requirements, 31, 38
factors in planning, 21-22
safety design, 15-16
see also Cages and caging;
Outdoor housing;
Primary enclosures;
Secondary enclosures;
Space requirements;
and specific animals
Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), 108-109
Human interaction, 38
Humidity and moisture, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30, 34, 75
Husbandry and management practices, 2, 38-46
for outdoor housing, 24-25
recommended readings, 92-93
see also Bedding;
Cleaning and sanitation;
Food and feeding;
Records and record-keeping;
Repair and maintenance
I
Identification of animals, 46, 57
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA), 35
Immunizanon, 18
Immunocompromised animals, 15, 44
Incineration, 45
Infectious-disease studies, 18
Inspections, 9
Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (ILAR), 2, 13, 109
Institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs), 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9-10, 11, 22
and housing design, 24, 26, 27
recommended readings, 82
and surgical procedures. 12, 61
Interagency Research Animal Committee, 116
International Air Transport Association (IATA) Live Animal Regulations , 57
International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS), 109-110
Isolation, see Quarantine;
Separation and isolation
L
Laboratory Animal Management Association (LAMA), 110
Laboratory personnel
medical evaluation, 17-18
qualifications and training, 13-14, 117
recommended readings, 100-101
see also Occupational health and safety
Laundering services, 15
Litter boxes, 26
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, 60
M
Macroenvironment, 22
Major survival surgery, 11-12, 61
Massachusetts Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (MSPCA), 110
Medical examinations (personnel), 17-18
Metabolic processes, 22-23
Modeling, see Computer modeling
Moisture, see Humidity and moisture
Monkeys, see Nonhuman primates
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, 59
N
National Association for Biomedical Research (NABR), 111
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 16, 18, 111
National Research Council (NRC). 14, 16, 18
Natural environments, 4, 22, 25
Neuromuscular blocking agents, 65
Nocturnal animals, 35
Nomenclature, 48
recommended readings, 91-92
housing requirements, 24-29 passim, 32, 37
imports, 57
recommended readings, 93-94
restraint, 11
Nontraditional species, see Exotic and wild species
Nutrition, see Food and feeding
O
Occupational health and safety, 5, 10, 14-18
recommended readings, 85-86
Office for Protection from Research Risks, 111
Outdoor housing, 24-25
pest control, 45
water sources, 41
P
control, 2, 10, 12, 64-65, 117
procedures causing, 10-11, 65, 117
recommended readings, 83-85
Parasites, readings, 95
Particulate concentrations, 22, 33, 34
Pasteurella multocida,59
Pathology, readings, 95
Pedigrees, 47
Perishable foods, 39
Pest control, 45-46
Pets, 57
Pharmacology, recommended readings, 96-97
Photostressors, 34
Phototoxic retinopathy, 35
Physical restraint, 11
Physiologic function, 11-12, 22-23
Pigeons, 28
Pigmentation, 35
Pilot studies, 10
Policies, 2-3
recommended readings, 93
see also Animal care and use protocols
Ponies, 31
Postures and postural adjustments, 2, 11, 23, 25, 27
Poultry, 32
Power systems, 76
cleaning and sanitation, 42-44
dimensions and space allocation, 25-28
flooring, 24
temperature and humidity, 29
ventilation and airflow, 22, 24, 31-33
see also Cages and caging
Primate Information Center, 111
Primates, see Nonhuman primates
Primate Supply Information Clearinghouse (PSIC), 112
Procurement of animals, 57
Professional societies, 13, 102-112 passim
Protocols, 8-11
Public Health Service (PHS) Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 2, 8, 9, 10, 111, 116
housing guidelines, 26
on personnel qualifications, 13, 61
on safety, 14
on veterinary care, 13
Purina Mills, Inc., 112
Q
Quail, 28
see also Separation and isolation
R
diseases, 59
recommended readings, 97-98
albinism and photoxicity, 35
Records and record-keeping
clinical, 46-47
genetic management, 47-48
identification, 46
recommended readings, 93
Regulatory Enforcement of Animal Care (REAC), 112-113
Removals from experiments, 10, 11, 12
Repair and maintenance, 23, 34
Reproduction, see Breeding and reproduction
Reptiles, recommended readings, 83
Respiratory protection, 17
Restraint, 11
Risk assessment, 14
albinism and photoxicity, 35
housing requirements, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32
inbreeding, 47
pathogen-free, 60
recommended readings, 97-98
toe-clipping, 46
S
Safety, see Occupational health and safety
Sanitation, see Cleaning and sanitation
Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (SCAW), 112
Secondary enclosures, 22, 29, 44
doors and windows, 73-74
ventilation and airflow, 22, 31-33
see also Cages and caging
Sedation and sedatives, 12, 65
Separation and isolation, 46, 58-59, 60, 72
Serial publications, 99-100
Shelf-life, of food, 39
Sheltered housing, 24
Sialodacryoadenitis virus, 59
Simian hemorrhagic fever, 59
Simian immunodeficiency virus, 59
Social groups and social interaction, 21-27, 37-38, 40
Space requirements, 25-28, 30, 31, 32, 38
Sterilization
of cages and equipment, 24, 44
of food, 39
of hazardous wastes, 45
for surgery, 62
Storage facilities and containers, 72, 77
for food and bedding, 39-40, 41, 77
Subclinical infections, 59, 60
Surgical procedures, 11-12, 60-64, 117
oversight, 56
recommended readings, 83-85
Surveillance, 16, 18, 58, 59-60
Swine
diseases, 59
T
Temperature, 22, 24, 28-34, 74, 75
Tetanus, 18
Tethering, 11
"3 R's" (replacement, reduction, and refinement), 108, 109
Timed lighting systems, 35, 76
Toe-clipping, 46
Training, see Animal training;
Education and training of personnel
Transgenic animals, 47-48
Transport of animals, 57
Traps, 46
Treatment and therapeutic procedures, 60
Tunnels, 36
U
Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW), 112