. "National Material Metrics for Industrial Ecology." Measures of Environmental Performance and Ecosystem Condition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1999.
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Figure 3
Range of physical properties for structural materials. Young's modulus is a measure of material elasticity. Toughness is a measure of resistance to fracture. Toughness is measured in units of joules per square meter of fracture surface (G) and is here normalized to Young's modulus (E) times atomic size (a). SOURCE: After Ashby (1979). Other sources include Carter and Paul (1991) and Hodgman (1962).
