Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet: A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances

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Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet: A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances (1996)
Commission on Life Sciences (CLS)

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. "Appendix B: Agents with Potential Carcinogenic Activity and Their Occurrence...." Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet: A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1996.

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Agent	IARC Classification^b	Occurrence^c	TD01^d (mg/kg-d)
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine	2B	S: Impurity in herbicide atrazine; contaminant in cutting fluids and some cosmetics	3.57E-03
N-Nitrosomethyl-vinylamine	2B	N: Derived	6.25E-05
N-Nitroso-N-methylurethane	2B	N: Derived	9.09E-05
Polybrominated biphenyls	2B	S: was flame retardant; now minimal and localized food chain contaminant	3.33E-04
Ponceau MX	2B	S: Was drug and cosmetic color in US; used as a food colorant elsewhere	2.22E+00
beta-Propiolactone	2B	S: Industrial use	7.14E-04
Reserpine	3	N: Indirectly added veterinary drug	9.09E-04
o-Toluidine	2B	S: Chemical intermediate (e.g., pesticides, dyes); N: constitutive	5.56E-02
o-Toluidine hydrochloride	(2B)	S	7.69E-02
^a Agents identified by IARC as known (1), probable (2A), or possible (2B) human carcinogens or by the NTP as known or reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens (NTP K or NTP R, if the agent has not been classified as 1, 2A, or 2B by IARC). ^b For definition of terms and overall evaluations, see Preamble, pp.28-29 (IARC 1993). ^c Where possible, synthetic agents (S) are distinguished from naturally occurring (N) (as defined in Chapter 1). Naturally occurring agents are subclassified into constitutive, derived, acquired, or added (as defined in Chapters 1 and 2). ^d The TD₀₁ is the chronic dose in mg/kg/day causing a 1% increase in tumors in experimental animals.