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Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5151.
×

References

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Abelson, R. Health. Forbes, pp. 162–167, January 4, 1993.

Abt Associates and the Center for Health Policy Research. Briefing Points on Preliminary Evaluation Results. Briefing for the HCFA Leadership Conference. Bethesda, Md.: Abt Associates, July 27, 1993.

AHA (American Hospital Association). Hospital Mergers and Consolidations: 1980–1991. Chicago: AHA Section for Health Care Systems, 1992.

AHA. AHA Hospital Statistics: The AHA Profile of United States Hospitals 94/95. 1994–95 Edition. Data Compiled from the American Hospital Association 1993 Annual Survey of Hospitals. Chicago: AHA, 1994a.

AHA. Hospital Closures 1980–1993: A Statistical Profile. Prepared by the AHA Health Care Information Resources Group. Chicago: AHA, 1994b.

AHA. News Release: New Health Care Trends Unveiled in Latest AHA Statistics Book. Washington, D.C.: AHA Washington Office, 1994c.

AHA. Economic Trends. Key Trends in Calendar Year 1995. (AHA National Hospital Panel Survey, March panel.) Vol. 11, no. 2. Chicago: AHA Health Statistics Group, 1995a.

AHA. Special tabulations from AHA annual surveys, 1983–1993, prepared for the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Adequacy of Nurse Staffing in Hospitals and Nursing Homes. Chicago: AHA, 1995b.

AHCA (American Health Care Association). Costs of an Employer Health Care Mandate. Provider: The Magazine for Long-Term Care Professionals 20(5):8, 1994a.

AHCA. Facts and Trends: The Nursing Facility Sourcebook. Washington, D.C.: AHCA, 1994b.

AHCA. Facts and Trends: The Nursing Facility Sourcebook. Washington, D.C. : AHCA, 1995.

AHCPR (Agency for Health Care Policy and Research). Acute Low Back Problems in Adults. Clinical Practice Guideline No. 14. S. Bigos, O. Bowyer, G. Braen, et al., eds. Pub. no. 95–0642. Rockville, Md.: AHCPR, 1994.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5151.
×

Aiken, L.H. The Hospital Nursing Shortage: A Paradox of Increasing Supply and Increasing Vacancy Rates. In: C. Harrington and C.L. Estes, eds. Health Policy and Nursing. Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 1994.

Aiken, L.H. Transformation of the Nursing Workforce. Nursing Outlook 43:201–209, 1995.

Aiken, L.H., and Gwyther, M.E. Medicare Funding of Nurse Education: The Case for Policy Change. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273:1528–1532, 1995.

Aiken, L.H., and Hadley, J. Factors Affecting the Hospital Employment of Registered Nurses. In: The Secretary's Commission on Nursing. Final Report, vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1988.

Aiken, L.H., and Salmon, M.E. Health Care Workforce Priorities: What Nursing Should Do Now. Inquiry 31:318–329, 1994.

Aiken, L.H., Smith, H.L., and Lake, E.T. Lower Medicare Mortality Among a Set of Hospitals Known for Good Nursing Care. Medical Care 32:771–787, 1994.

Allen, J. Two Charged with Battery at Long Grove Nursing Home. Daily Herald (Ill.), p. 1–News 11, August 17, 1994.

Alter, H.J., Seef, L.B., Kaplan, P.M., et al. Type B Hepatitis: The Infectivity of Blood Positive for E Antigen and DNA Polymerase After Accidental Needlestick Exposure. New England Journal of Medicine 295:909–913, 1976.

ANA (American Nurses Association). The Report of Survey Results: The 1994 ANA Layoffs Survey. The American Nurse (March):1,7, 1995a.

ANA. Summary of the Lewin-VHI, Inc., Report: Nursing Report Card for Acute Care Settings (photocopy). Washington, D.C.: ANA, 1995b.

Anderson, G.F., and Kohn, L.T. Employment Trends in Hospitals Between 1981 and 1993. Inquiry, in press.

Anonymous. What Really Makes Nurses Angry. RN 49(1):55–60, 1986.

Arad, D., and Ryan, M. The Incidence and Prevalence in Nurses of Low Back Pain: A Definitive Survey Exposes the Hazards. Australian Nurse Journal 16:44–48, 1986.

Arling, G., Nordquist, R.H., Brant, B.A., and Capitman, J.A. Nursing Home Case Mix. Medical Care 25:9–19, 1987.

Arling, G., Zimmerman, D., and Updike, L. Nursing Home Case Mix in Wisconsin. Medical Care 27:164–181, 1989.

Bahr, R.T. Reaction to the Invitational Conference ''Mechanisms of Quality in Long-Term Care: Service and Clinical Outcomes." Pp. 103–109 in: Mechanisms of Quality in Long-Term Care: Service and Clinical Outcomes. Pub. no. 41–2382. New York: National League for Nursing Press, 1991.

Baker, A. Granny Battering. Nursing Mirror 144:65–66, 1977.

Ballard, T.M. The Need for Well-Prepared Nurse Administrators in Long-term Care. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 27(2):153–160, 1995.

Baltz, T.M., and Turner, J.G. Development and Analysis of a Nursing Home Aide Screening Device. The Gerontologist 17:66–69, 1977.

Barter, M., McLaughlin, F.E., and Thomas, S.A. Use of Unlicensed Assistive Personnel by Hospitals. Nursing Economics 12(2):82–87, 1994.

Beck, C., Rossby, L., and Baldwin, B. Correlates of Disruptive Behavior in Cognitively Impaired Elderly Nursing Home Residents. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 5(5):281–291, 1991.

Berland, A. Controlling Workload. Canadian Nurse 86(5):36–38, 1990.

Bernardi, N. Patient Sues Nursing Home over '93 Rape. Courier-News (Ill.), pp. A1, A7, August 16, 1994.

Birkenstock, M. From Turnover to Turnaround. Geriatric Nursing 12(4):194–196, 1991.

Bishop, C.E. Competition in the Market for Nursing Home Care. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 13(2):341–361, 1988.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5151.
×

Blaum, C.S., Fries, B.E., and Fiatarone, M.A. Factors Associated with Low Body Mass Index and Weight Loss in Nursing Home Residents. Journals of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 50A(3):M162–M168, 1995.

BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Shifting Workforce Spawns New Set of Hazardous Occupations. Issues in Labor Statistics. Summary 94-8. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1994a.

BLS. Violence in the Workplace Comes Under Closer Scrutiny. Issues in Labor Statistics. Summary 94-10. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1994b.

BLS. Workplace Injuries and Illnesses in 1993. Issues in Labor Statistics. Summary 94-600. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1994c.

BLS. Survey of Occupational Health and Injuries. Summary 95-5. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1995a.

BLS. Work Injuries and Illnesses by Selected Characteristics, 1993. Summary 95-142. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1995b.

BLS. Special tabulations prepared for the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Adequacy of Nurse Staffing in Hospitals and Nursing Homes. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1995c.

BLS. Violence in the Workplace. Prepared by G. Toscano and W. Weber. Compensation and Working Conditions. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1995d.

Bogue, R.J., Shortell, S.M., Sohn, M.-W., et al. Hospital Reorganization After Merger. Medical Care 33:676–686, 1995.

Bowers, B. Family Perceptions of Care in a Nursing Home. The Gerontologist 28:361–368, 1988.

Bradbury, R.C., Golec, J.H., and Steen, P.M. Relating Hospital Health Outcomes and Resource Expenditures. Inquiry 31:56–65, 1994.

Brannon, R.L. Intensifying Care: The Hospital Industry, Professionalization, and the Reorganization of the Nursing Labor Process. From the series Critical Approaches in the Health Social Sciences Series, R.H. Elling, ed. Amityville, N.Y.: Baywood Publishing Company, 1994.

Braun, B.I. The Effect of Nursing Home Quality on Patient Outcome. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 39:329–338, 1991.

Brooten, D., Kumar, S., Brown, L.P., et al. A Randomized Clinical Trial of Early Hospital Discharge and Home Follow-up of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants. New England Journal of Medicine 31:934–939, 1986.

Brooten, D., Brown, L.P., Munro, B.H., et al. Early Discharge and Specialist Transitional Care. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 20(2):64–68, 1988.

Buchanan, J.L., Bell, R.M., Arnold, S.B., et al. Assessing Cost Effects of Nursing-Home-Based Geriatric Nurse Practitioners. Health Care Financing Review 11(3):67–78, 1990.

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Bureau of the Census. Race and Hispanic Origin. 1990 Census Profile, No. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1991b.

Bureau of the Census. Population Projections of the United States, by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1993 to 2050. Current Population Reports. Prepared by J.C. Day. Pub. no. P25-1104. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1993a.

Bureau of the Census. Poverty in the United States: 1992. Current Population Reports, Consumer Income. Series P60-185. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1993b.

Bureau of the Census. We the American… Elderly. Pub. no. WE-9. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1993c.

Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1994. 114th ed. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995a.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5151.
×

Bureau of the Census. Statistical Brief. Sixty-Five Plus in the United States. Pub. no. SB/95-8. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995b.

Bureau of the Census and the National Institute on Aging. Profiles of America's Elderly. Living Arrangements of the Elderly. Pub. no. POP/93-2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce and the National Institutes of Health, 1993a.

Bureau of the Census and the National Institute on Aging. Profiles of America's Elderly. Racial and Ethnic Diversity of America's Elderly Population. Pub. no. POP/93-1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce and the National Institutes of Health, 1993b.

Burns, J. Long-Term-Care Chains Show Slight Growth. Modern Healthcare (May 18):81–94, 1992.

Burton, L.C., German, P.S., Rovner, B.W., et al. Mental Illness and the Use of Restraints in Nursing Homes. The Gerontologist 32:164–170, 1992.

Butler, P.A., and Schlenker, R.E. Administering Nursing Home Case Mix Reimbursement Systems: Issues of Assessment, Quality, Access, Equity, and Cost: An Analysis of Long-term Care Payment Systems. Final Report. Denver: Center for Health Services Research, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 1988.

Cameron, J.M. Case-mix and Resource Use in Long-Term Care. Medical Care 23:296–309, 1985.

Carney, R.M. Protect Your Nursing Athletes! Nursing Management 24(3):69–71, 1993.

Cato, C., Olson, K., and Studer, M. Incidence, Prevalence and Variables Associated with Low Back Pain in Staff Nurses. AAOHN (American Association of Occupational Health Nursing) Journal 321–327, 1989.

CBO (Congressional Budget Office). The Effects of Managed Care and Managed Competition. A CBO Memorandum. Washington, D.C.: CBO, February 1995.

CDC (Centers for Disease Control). Universal Precautions for Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Other Blood-Borne Pathogens in Health-Care Settings. MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report) 37:377–382, 1988.

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 6(2):21, 1994.

Chapin, R., and Silloway, G. Incentive Payments to Nursing Homes Based on Quality-of-Care Outcomes. Journal of Applied Gerontology 11(2):131–145, 1992.

Cherry, R.L. Agents of Nursing Home Quality of Care: Ombudsmen and Staff Ratios Revisited. The Gerontologist 31:302–308, 1991.

Clifford, J.C. The Future of Nursing Practice. Pp. 617–623 in: N. Chaska, ed. The Nursing Profession—Turning Points. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby, 1990.

Cohen, J.W., and Dubay, L.C. The Effects of Medicaid Reimbursement Method and Ownership on Nursing Home Costs, Case Mix, and Staffing. Inquiry 27:183–200, 1990.

Cohen, J.W., and Spector, W.D. The Effect of Medicaid on Quality of Care in Nursing Homes. Journal of Health Economics, in press.

Cohodes, D.R. What to Do About Capital? Hospital & Health Services Administration 27(5):67–89, 1982.

Constable, J.F., and Russell, D.W. The Effect of Social Support and the Work Environment upon Burnout Among Nurses. Journal of Human Stress 12:21–26, 1986.

Consumer Reports. Nursing Homes: When a Loved One Needs Care. August:518–528, 1995.

Coons, D. Training Direct Service Staff Members to Work in Dementia Care Units . Pp. 126–143 in: D. Coons, ed. Specialized Dementia Care Units. Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.

Cotton, P. Nursing Home Research Focus on Outcomes May Mean Playing Catch-up with Regulation. Journal of the American Medical Association 269:2337–2338, 1993.

Courington, K.R., Patterson, S.L., and Howard, R.J. Universal Precautions Are not Universally Followed. Archives of Surgery 126:93–96, 1991.

Cronin-Stubbs, D., and Rooks, C. The Stress, Social Support, and Burnout of Critical Care Nurses: The Results of Research. Heart and Lung: The Journal of Critical Care 14:31–39, 1985.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5151.
×

Crown, W.H., Ahlburg, D.A., and MacAdam, M. The Demographic and Employment Characteristics of Home Care Aides: A Comparison with Nursing Home Aides, Hospital Aides, and Other Workers. The Gerontologist 35:162–170, 1995.

Damato, E.G., Dill, P.Z., Gennaro, S., et al. The Association Between CNS Direct Care Time and Total Time and Very Low BirthWeight Infant Outcomes. Clinical Nurse Specialist 7(2):75–79, 1993.

Davis, K., Collins, K.S., Schoen, C., and C. Morris. Choice Matters: Enrollees' Views of Their Health Plans. Health Affairs 14(2):99–112, 1995.

Davis, M.A. On Nursing Home Quality: A Review and Analysis. Medical Care Review 48(2)129–166, 1991.

Doan-Johnson, S. Taking a Closer Look at NeedleSticks. Nursing 92 22(8):24,27, 1992.

Doering, L. Recruitment and Retention: Successful Strategies in Critical Care. Heart and Lung: The Journal of Critical Care 19(3):220–224, 1990.

Dolan, N. The Relationship Between Burnout and Job Satisfaction in Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 12(1):3–12, 1987.

Dolan, S.L., Van-Ameringen, M.R., Corbin, S., and Arsenault, A. Lack of Professional Latitude and Role Problems as Correlates of Propensity to Quit Amongst Nursing Staff. Journal of Advanced Nursing 17(12):1455–1459, 1992.

Donabedian, A. Evaluating the Quality of Medical Care. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 44:166–203, July (part 2), 1966.

Draper, D., Kahn, K.L, Reinisch, E.J., et al. Studying the Effects of the DRG-Based Prospective Payment System on Quality of Care: Design, Sampling, and Fieldwork. Journal of the American Medical Association 264:1956–1961, 1990.

DuNah, R., Harrington, C., Bedney, B., and Carillo, H. Variations and Trends in Licensed Nursing Home Capacity in the States, 1978–1993. Paper prepared for the Health Care Financing Administration. San Francisco: University of California, 1995.

Duquette, A., Kerouac, S., Sandhu, B.K., and Beaudet, L. Factors Related to Nursing Burnout: A Review of Empirical Knowledge. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 15:337–358, 1994.


Eisler, P. A Special Investigative Report: Criminal Care. Arlington, Va.: Gannett News Service, 1994.

Ellwood, M.R., and Burwell, B. Access to Medicaid and Medicare by the Low-Income Disabled. Health Care Financing Review Annl. Suppl.: 133–148, 1990.

Emergency Nurses Association. Prevalence of Violence in Emergency Departments. Park Ridge, Ill.: Emergency Nurses Association, 1994.

Erickson, J. Quality and the Nursing Assistant. Provider: The Magazine for Long-Term Care Professionals 13(4):4–6, 1987.

Ettner, S.L. Do Elderly Medicaid Patients Experience Reduced Access to Nursing Home Care? Journal of Health Economics 11:259–280, 1993.

Evans, D.A., Scherr, P.A., and Cook, N.R. Estimated Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in the United States. The Milbank Quarterly 68(2):267–289, 1990.

Evans, L.K., and Strumpf, N.E. Tying Down the Elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 37:65–74, 1989.

Evans, L.K., and Strumpf, N.E. Reducing Restraints in Nursing Homes: A Clinical Trial. Paper presented at a special invitational session on Quality and Staffing in Nursing Homes sponsored by the National Institute for Nursing Research on behalf of the IOM study, and held in conjunction with the 1994 annual meeting of the Gerontology Society of America in Atlanta, November 1994.

Everitt, D.E., Fields, D.R., Soumerai, S.S., and Avorn, J. Resident Behavior and Staff Distress in the Nursing Home. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 39:792–798, 1991.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5151.
×

Fagin, C.M., Marek, K.D., Krejci, J.W., and Amor, G.E. The Nursing Home Reform Act: Progress and Outcomes . Final Report. Grant identification no. 19584. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, 1995.

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Feldstein, A., Valanis, B., Vollmer, W., et al. The Back Injury Prevention Project Pilot Study: Assessing the Effectiveness of "Back Attack," an Injury Prevention Program Among Nurses, Aides, and Orderlies. Journal of Occupational Medicine 35(2):114–120, 1993.

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Fottler, M.D., Smith, H.L., and James, W.L. Profits and Patient Care Quality in Nursing Homes: Are they Compatible? The Gerontologist 21:532–538, 1981.

Foxall, M.J., Zimmerman, L., Standley, R., and Bene, B. A Comparison of Frequency and Sources of Nursing Job Stress Perceived by Intensive Care, Hospice and Medical-Surgical Nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 15(5):577–584, 1990.

Friedman, B. Economic Aspects of the Rationing of Nursing Home Beds. Journal of Human Resources 17:59–71, 1982.

Fries, B.E., and Cooney, L. Resources Utilization Groups: A Patient Classification System for Long-term Care. Health Care Financing Review 23(2):110–122, 1985.

Fries, B.E., Schneider, D., Foley, W., and Dowling, M. Case-Mix Classification of Medicare Residents in Skilled Nursing Facilities. Medical Care 9:843–858, 1989.

Fries, B.E., Schneider, D., Foley, W., et al. Refining a Case-mix Measure for Nursing Homes: Resources Utilization Groups (RUGS-III). Medical Care 32:668–685, 1994.


Ganroth, L. Long-term Care Resource Requirements Before and After the Prospective Payment System. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 20(1):7–11, 1988.

GAO (General Accounting Office). Medicaid: Methods for Setting Nursing Home Rates Should Be Improved. Report to the Secretary of HHS. Pub. no. HRD-86-26. Washington, D.C.: U.S. GAO, 1986.

GAO. Medicare and Medicaid: Stronger Enforcement of Nursing Home Requirements Needed. Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Special Committee on Aging, U.S. Senate. Pub. no. HRD-87-113. Washington, D.C.: U.S. GAO, July 1987.

GAO. Long-term Care for the Elderly: Issues of Need, Access, and Cost. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Health and Long-term Care, Select Committee on Aging, U.S. House of Representatives. Pub. no. HRD-89-4. Washington, D.C.: U.S. GAO, November 1988a.

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Garg, A., Owen, B.D., and Carlson, B. An Ergonomic Evaluation of Nursing Assistants' Job in a Nursing Home. Ergonomics 35(9):979–995, 1992.

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Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5151.
×

Geron, S.M. Regulating the Behavior of Nursing Homes Through Positive Incentives: An Analysis of Illinois' Quality Incentive Program (QUIP). The Gerontologist 31:292–301, 1991.

Gertler, P.J. Subsidies, Quality, and The Regulation of Nursing Homes. Journal of Public Economics 38:33–52, 1989.

GHAA (Group Health Association of America). Patterns in HMO Enrollment. Washington, D.C.: GHAA, 1995.

Girard, N. The Case Management Model of Patient Care Delivery. AORN (Association of Operating Room Nurses) Journal 60(3):403–405, 408–412, 415, 1994.

Goetz, R.R., Bloom, J.D., Chenell, S.L., and Moorhead, J.C. Weapons Possession by Patients in a University Emergency Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 20(1):8–10, 1991.

Gold, D.R., Rogacz, S., Bock, N., et al. Rotating Shift Work, Sleep, and Accidents Related to Sleepiness in Hospital Nurses. American Journal of Public Health 82(7):1011–1013, 1992.

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Goldin, G.J. The Influence of Self-Image upon the Performance of Nursing Home Staff. Nursing Homes 34:33–38, 1985.

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Greene, V.L., and Monahan, D.J. Structure and Operational Factors Affecting Quality of Patient Care in Nursing Homes. Public Policy 29:399–415, 1981.

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Greenwood, J.G. Back Injuries Can be Reduced with Worker Training, Reinforcement. Occupational Health and Safety 55(5):26–29, 1986.

Griffin, K.M., Leftwich, R.A., and Smith, M.S. Current Forces Shaping Long-term Care in the 1990s. The Journal of Long-Term Care Administration 17(3):8–11, 1989.

Gurny, P., Hirsch, M.B., and Gondek, K.E. Chapter 11: A Description of Medicaid-Covered Services. Health Care Financing Review Annl. Suppl.:227–234, 1992.

Gustafson, D.H., Sainfor, F.C., Van Konigsveld, R., and Zimmerman, D.R. The Quality Assessment Index (QAI) for Measuring Nursing Home Quality. HSR (Health Services Research) 25:97–127, 1990.

Guterman, S., Eggers, P., Riley, G., et al. The First 3 Years of Medicare Prospective Payment: An Overview. Health Care Financing Review 9(3):67–77, 1988.

Harber, P., Billet, E., Gutowski, M., et al. Occupational Low Back Pain in Hospital Nurses. Journal of Occupational Medicine 27(7):518–524, 1985.

Hare, J., and Pratt, C. Burnout: Differences Between Professional and Paraprofessional Nursing Staff in Acute and Long-term Care Health Facilities. Journal of Applied Gerontology 7(1):60–71, 1988.

Harrington, C., and Estes, C.L. Trends in Nursing Homes in the Post Medicare Prospective Payment Period. San Francisco: Institute for Health and Aging, 1989.

Harrington, C., Preston S., Grant, L.A., and Swan, J.H. Revised Trends in States' Nursing Home Capacity. Health Affairs 11(2):170–180, 1992a.

Harrington, C., Tompkins, C., Curtis, M., and Grant, L. Psychotropic Drug Use in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Review of the Literature. The Gerontologist 32:822–833, 1992b.

Suggested Citation:"References." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5151.
×

Harrington, C., Curtis, M., and DuNah, R., Jr. Trends in State Regulation of the Supply of Long-Term Care Services. Paper prepared for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Health Care Financing Administration. San Francisco: University of California, 1994a.

Harrington, C., DuNah, R., Jr., and Bedney, B. The Supply of Community-Based Long-Term Care Services in 1992. Paper prepared for the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Health Care Financing Administration. San Francisco: University of California, 1994b.

Harrington, C., DuNah, R., Jr., and Curtis, M. State Variations and Trends in Preadmission Screening. Paper prepared for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Health Care Financing Administration. San Francisco: University of California, 1994c.

Harrington, C., Thollaug, S.C., and Summers, P.R. Nursing Facilities, Staffing, Residents and Facility Deficiencies, 1991–93. Paper prepared for the Health Care Financing Administration. San Francisco: University of California, 1995.

Harrington et al. 1993 State Data Book on Long-term Care Programs and Market Characteristics. Baltimore, Md.: Health Care Financing Administration, in press.

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Hawes, C., and Phillips, C.D. The Changing Structure of the Nursing Home Industry and the Impact of Ownership on Quality, Cost, and Access. Pp. 492–538 in: Institute of Medicine. For-Profit Enterprise in Health Care. B.H. Gray, ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1986.

Hawkins, A.M., Burgio, L.D., Langford, A., and Engel, B.T. The Effects of Verbal and Written Supervisory Feedback on Staff Compliance with Assigned Prompted Voiding in a Nursing Home. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 13:137–150, 1992.

Hawley, M.P. Sources of Stress for Emergency Nurses in Four Urban Canadian Emergency Departments. Journal of Emergency Nursing 18(3):211–216, 1992.

Hay, D.G. Health Care Services in 100 Superior Nursing Homes. Long-term Care and Health Services Administration Quarterly 1:300–313, 1977.

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Hospitals and nursing homes are responding to changes in the health care system by modifying staffing levels and the mix of nursing personnel. But do these changes endanger the quality of patient care? Do nursing staff suffer increased rates of injury, illness, or stress because of changing workplace demands?

These questions are addressed in Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes, a thorough and authoritative look at today's health care system that also takes a long-term view of staffing needs for nursing as the nation moves into the next century. The committee draws fundamental conclusions about the evolving role of nurses in hospitals and nursing homes and presents recommendations about staffing decisions, nursing training, measurement of quality, reimbursement, and other areas. The volume also discusses work-related injuries, violence toward and abuse of nursing staffs, and stress among nursing personnel—and examines whether these problems are related to staffing levels. Included is a readable overview of the underlying trends in health care that have given rise to urgent questions about nurse staffing: population changes, budget pressures, and the introduction of new technologies. Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes provides a straightforward examination of complex and sensitive issues surround the role and value of nursing on our health care system.

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