National Academies Press: OpenBook

Radiation in Medicine: A Need for Regulatory Reform (1996)

Chapter: Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Radiation in Medicine: A Need for Regulatory Reform. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5154.
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Page 189
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Radiation in Medicine: A Need for Regulatory Reform. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5154.
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Page 190
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B Abbreviations and Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1996. Radiation in Medicine: A Need for Regulatory Reform. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5154.
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Page 191

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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 189 B Abbreviations and Acronyms ASSOCIATIONS AND SOCIETIES ACR American College of Radiology BEAR Committee on Biologic Effects of Atomic Radiation (NAS/NRC) BEIR Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (NAS/ NRC) CRCPD Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors IOM Institute of Medicine JCAHO Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations NAS/NRC National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council NCRP National Council on Radiation Protection USP United States Pharmacopoeia FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS AND AGENCIES ACMUI Advisory Committee on the Medical Uses of Isotopes AEC Atomic Energy Commission AEOD Office for Analysis and Evaluation of Operational Data (NRC) BMD Bureau of Medical Devices BRH Bureau of Radiological Health CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health CFR Code of Federal Regulations CIRRPC Committee on Interagency Radiation Research and Policy Coordination DHHS Department of Health, Education and Welfare (now DHHS)

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 190 DHHS Department of Health and Human Services DOD Department of Defense DOE Department of Energy DOT Department of Transportation EPA Environmental Protection Agency ERDA Energy Research and Development Agency FDA Food and Drug Administration FR Federal Register FRC Federal Radiation Council GAO General Accounting Office HCFA Health Care Financing Administration JCAE Joint Committee on Atomic Energy NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission OMB Office of Management and Budget OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration PHS Public Health Service RPC Radiation Policy Council VA Department of Veterans Affairs INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRU International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements UNSCEAR United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation LEGISLATION AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS AEA Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as Amended ERA Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 MQSA Mammography Quality Standards Act of 1992 RCHS Radiation Control for Health Safety Act of 1968 SMDA Safe Medical Device Act of 1991 MISCELLANEOUS ADE Adverse drug event ALAP As low as practicable ALARA As low as reasonably achievable ALI Annual limit on intake BRC Below regulatory concern CABG Coronary artery bypass graft CT Computed tomography

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 191 DIS Decay in storage DREF Dose rate effectiveness factor EDE Effective dose equivalent ESK Entrance skin air kerma FTE Full-time equivalent FY Fiscal year GI Gastrointestinal HDR High dose rate IORT Intraoperative radiation therapy LDR Low dose rate MPD Maximum permissible dose MRI Magnetic resonance imaging NARM Naturally occurring and accelerator-produced radioactive material PET Positron emission tomography POCS Patterns of care study QA Quality assurance QM Quality management RPG Radiation protection guide RSO Radiation safety officer SPECT Single photon emission computed tomography SRS Stereotactic radiosurgery SSRCR Suggested State Regulations for the Control of Radiation UGI Upper gastrointestinal

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Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers:

  • Sources of radiation and their use in medicine.
  • Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public.
  • Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states.
  • Criticisms from the regulated community.

The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons.

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