TABLE 2-16 Typical Induced Currents and Fields for a 1-µT, 60-Hz Uniform Magnetic Field
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Current Density, µA/m2 |
Electric Field, µ V/m |
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Subject |
Average |
Maximum |
Average |
Maximum |
|
Human, 1.7 m, 70 kg |
1.3-1.9a |
8 (20)b |
14-17.7 |
161 (296)b |
|
Rat, 0.3 kg |
0.3 |
1.31 |
4.4 |
17.7 |
|
Mouse, 0.02 kg |
0.12 |
0.4 |
1.7 |
5.7 |
|
a The average current density depends on the electric properties used for the muscle tissue. b Values in parentheses obtained from the analysis with an improved resolution of 0.65 cm instead of 1.3 cm. SOURCES: Xi et al. 1994; Xi and Stuchly 1994. |
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a ratio of 1:9 is obtained for humans versus rats from the modeling results and 1:6 from the weight-to-volume ratios (maximum current path).
Induced current densities have also been computed for a lineman working near power lines (Stuchly and Zhao 1996). Predictably, both average and maximum values are much greater in this case than in environmental exposures. A comparison is given in Table 2-17. A range of maximum current densities induced locally by hand-held appliances is also given in the same table (Cheng et. al. 1995).
It is interesting to compare the induced currents for human exposure to 60-Hz electric versus magnetic fields. Referring to Tables 2-15 and 2-17, approximately the same maximum current densities (of 2 µA/m2) are obtained for an exposure to a 4-V/m electric field and a 0.1-µT (1-mG) magnetic field. (These results are for equal current densities in the head for the magnetic-field exposure and in the neck for the electric-field exposure.) Another comparison can be made by considering the average and maximum induced electric fields. For the electric-field exposure, the reduction factor is about 10 -7 for the average field and 10-5 for the maximum field as compared with the external electric field. Therefore,
TABLE 2-17 Current Densities Induced in a Person by a 60-Hz Magnetic Field Under Various Exposure Conditions
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Induced Current Density |
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|
Exposure |
Average |
Maximum |
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0.2 µT, uniform |
0.56 µA/m2 |
4.2 µA/m2 |
|
500 kV, 1,000 A, 0.5 m away |
0.4 mA/m2 |
2.8 mA/m2 |
|
138 kV, 500 A, 0.5 m away |
0.24 mA/m2 |
1.7 mA/m2 |
|
25 kV, 200 A, 0.5 m away |
83 µA/m2 |
0.6 mA/m2 |
|
Hair dryers |
— |
0.1-8 mA/m2 |
|
Electric shavers |
— |
1.5-11 mA/m2 |