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PAPERBACK list:$42.00 Web:$37.80 add to cart PDF BOOK your price: $32.50 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles Monitoring Metabolic Status: Predicting Decrements in Physiological and Cognitive Performance Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations Other Related Titles Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (1996) Institute of Medicine (IOM) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 123   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. II Discussion ALLISON YATES: Is pouch bread consumed at high altitudes or in cold weather? RUSSELL SCHUMACHER: We never use it, but that does not mean we would not if we had it. The reason is supply rather than lack of demand. Crackers and some kind of bread are what the troops want at high altitudes. ROBERT REYNOLDS: A quick question. You have given us the nutrition profile of the T Ration; Meal, Ready-to-Eat [MRE]; Ration, Cold Weather; and Long-Range Patrol Rations. This would be the intake if they consumed everything in the ration. What percentage or what fraction of these rations is actually consumed by the troops? RUSSELL SCHUMACHER: The Marine Corps is the only Service Branch that uses the Ration, Cold Weather to any extent. With all operational rations, the first thing soldiers do is take the package and discard everything they do not want; then they make smaller packages. Overall, I would say 75 to 80 percent is consumed. But you only have two packages in the Ration, Cold Weather and that is it for the whole day. So with the Ration, Cold Weather, more may be consumed, but still no more than about 80 percent. Page 123 Front Matter (R1-R16) I: Committee Summary and Recommendations (1-2) 1 A Review of the Physiology and Nutrition in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments (3-58) 2 Committee on Military Nutrition Research Recommendations and Conclusions (59-80) II: Background and Introduction to theTopic (81-82) 3 Cold Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition: Overview of the Issues (83-94) 4 Leadership Insights for Military Operations in Cold Weather and at High Altitudes (95-100) 5 Cold-Weather Field Feeding: Military Rations (101-114) 6 Feeding the US Army Sixth Infantry Division (Light) in the Cold (115-122) Part II Discussion (123-124) III: The Cold Environment (125-126) 7 The Physiology of Cold Exposure (127-148) 8 Military Schedules vs. Biological Clocks (149-160) 9 Influence of Cold Stress on Human Fluid Balance (161-180) 10 Muscle Metabolism and Shivering During Cold Stress (181-188) 11 Macronutrient Requirements for Work in Cold Environments (189-202) 12 Cold Exposure, Appetite, and Energy Balance (203-214) 13 Effects of Cold and altitude on Vitamin and Mineral Requirements (215-244) 14 Micronutrient Deficiency States and Thermoregulation in the Cold (245-256) 15 Drug-Induced Delay of Hypothermia (257-270) Part III Discussion (271-292) IV: The High-Terrestrial Environment (293-294) 16 The Physiology of High-Altitude Exposure (295-318) 17 Physical Performance at High Altitudes (319-330) 18 Fluid Metabolism at High Altitudes (331-356) 19 Maintenance of Body Weight at High Altitudes: In Search of 500 kcal/day (357-378) 20 Energy and Macronutrient Requirements for work at High Altitudes (379-392) 21 Oxidative Stress at High Altitudes and Effects of Vitamin E (393-418) Part IV Discussion (419-432) V: Performance in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments (433-434) 22 Effets of Altitue on Cognitive Performance and Mood States (435-452) 23 Food Components and Other Treatments That May Enhance Mental Performance at High Altitudes and in the Cold (453-466) General Discussion (467-478) Appendixes (479-480) A: Environmental Stress Management at High Altitudes by Adaptogens, summary of unpublished manuscript (481-484) B: Biographical Sketches (485-500) C: Abbreviations (501-504) D: Factors Related to Nutritional Needs in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments- A Selected Bibliography (505-554) Index (555-568)

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--> II Discussion ALLISON YATES: Is pouch bread consumed at high altitudes or in cold weather? RUSSELL SCHUMACHER: We never use it, but that does not mean we would not if we had it. The reason is supply rather than lack of demand. Crackers and some kind of bread are what the troops want at high altitudes. ROBERT REYNOLDS: A quick question. You have given us the nutrition profile of the T Ration; Meal, Ready-to-Eat [MRE]; Ration, Cold Weather; and Long-Range Patrol Rations. This would be the intake if they consumed everything in the ration. What percentage or what fraction of these rations is actually consumed by the troops? RUSSELL SCHUMACHER: The Marine Corps is the only Service Branch that uses the Ration, Cold Weather to any extent. With all operational rations, the first thing soldiers do is take the package and discard everything they do not want; then they make smaller packages. Overall, I would say 75 to 80 percent is consumed. But you only have two packages in the Ration, Cold Weather and that is it for the whole day. So with the Ration, Cold Weather, more may be consumed, but still no more than about 80 percent.

OCR for page 124
--> ALLISON YATES: In our other workshop earlier this year, we had a demonstration of the KCLFF [Kitchen Company Level Field Feeding equipment] and the kitchen company. I understood that it would prepare more than just T Rations; one could prepare A and B Rations as well. Do you have access to the KCLFF? THOMAS LANGE: They are trying to modify the KCLFF now so it has the ability to prepare some limited A Rations. We do not utilize it to prepare A or B Rations; it is strictly for T Rations. Soup and coffee would probably be the closest we get to an A Ration. ANDRÉ VALLERAND: I have a question for LTC King. I am interested in the MRE heater. Could you give us more information about how much heat it produces or maybe the temperature that it can achieve, how long it will work, and its cost? NANCY KING: It takes between 10 and 12 minutes to heat up an MRE entree, to 140°F (60°C). Currently they are issuing two heaters per ration because troops often want to thaw the ration first, if necessary, and use the second heater to warm the food. I do not know the cost. Since we have some extra heaters and COL Schumacher has some rations, we can actually try one and you can see how it works. RUSSELL SCHUMACHER: From practical experience, the heater should be in every ration. NANCY KING: The MRE-13 and subsequent versions will have a ration heater included in each of meal pack.

Representative terms from entire chapter:

level field