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Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations (1996)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "19 Maintenance of Body Weight at High Altitudes: In Search of 500 kcal/day." Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1996.

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Sridharan, K., A.K. Mukherjee, S.K. Grover, M.M.L. Kumaria, B.S. Arora, and R.M. Rai 1987 Assessment of nutritional status and physical work capacity of road construction workers at altitude of 2,150–2,750 m on two different ration scales. Nutr. Rep. Int. 35:1269–1277.

Stock, M.J., N.G. Norton, A. Ferro-luzzi, and E. Evans 1978 Effect of altitude on dietary-induced thermogenesis at rest and during light exercise in man. J. Appl. Physiol. 45:345–349.

Todd, K., G.E. Butterfield, and D.H. Calloway 1984 Protein utilization in young men under two conditions of energy balance and three levels of work. J. Nutr. 114:2107–2118.

West, J.B., S.J. Boyer, D.J. Graber, P.H. Hackett, K.H. Maret, J.S. Milledge, R.M. Peters, Jr., C.J. Pizzo, M. Samaja, F.H. Sarnquist, R.B. Schoene, and R.M. Winslow 1983 Maximal exercise at extreme altitudes on Mount Everest. J. Appl. Physiol. 55:688–698.

Westerterp, K.R., B. Kayser, F. Brouns, J.P. Herry, and W.H. Saris 1992 Energy expenditure climbing Mt. Everest. J. Appl. Physiol. 73:1815–1819.

Whitten, B.K., and A.H. Janoski 1969 Effects of high altitude and diet on lipid components of human serum. Fed. Proc. 28:983–984.

Withey, W.R., J.S. Millege, E.S. Williams, B.D. Minry, E.I. Bryson, N.P. Luff, M.W.J. Older, and J.M. Beeley 1983 Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis during prolonged exercise at altitude. J. Appl. Physiol. 55:409–412.

Worme, J.D., J.A. Lickteig, R.D. Reynolds, and P.A. Deuster 1991 Consumption of a dehydrated ration for 31 days at moderate altitudes: Energy intakes and physical performance. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 91:1543–1549.

Young, A.J., W.J. Evans, A. Cymerman, K.B. Pandolf, J.J. Knapik, and J.T. Maher 1982 Sparing effect of chronic high-altitude exposure on muscle glycogen utilization. J. Appl. Physiol. 52:857–862.

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378
Front Matter (R1-R16)
I: Committee Summary and Recommendations (1-2)
1 A Review of the Physiology and Nutrition in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments (3-58)
2 Committee on Military Nutrition Research Recommendations and Conclusions (59-80)
II: Background and Introduction to theTopic (81-82)
3 Cold Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition: Overview of the Issues (83-94)
4 Leadership Insights for Military Operations in Cold Weather and at High Altitudes (95-100)
5 Cold-Weather Field Feeding: Military Rations (101-114)
6 Feeding the US Army Sixth Infantry Division (Light) in the Cold (115-122)
Part II Discussion (123-124)
III: The Cold Environment (125-126)
7 The Physiology of Cold Exposure (127-148)
8 Military Schedules vs. Biological Clocks (149-160)
9 Influence of Cold Stress on Human Fluid Balance (161-180)
10 Muscle Metabolism and Shivering During Cold Stress (181-188)
11 Macronutrient Requirements for Work in Cold Environments (189-202)
12 Cold Exposure, Appetite, and Energy Balance (203-214)
13 Effects of Cold and altitude on Vitamin and Mineral Requirements (215-244)
14 Micronutrient Deficiency States and Thermoregulation in the Cold (245-256)
15 Drug-Induced Delay of Hypothermia (257-270)
Part III Discussion (271-292)
IV: The High-Terrestrial Environment (293-294)
16 The Physiology of High-Altitude Exposure (295-318)
17 Physical Performance at High Altitudes (319-330)
18 Fluid Metabolism at High Altitudes (331-356)
19 Maintenance of Body Weight at High Altitudes: In Search of 500 kcal/day (357-378)
20 Energy and Macronutrient Requirements for work at High Altitudes (379-392)
21 Oxidative Stress at High Altitudes and Effects of Vitamin E (393-418)
Part IV Discussion (419-432)
V: Performance in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments (433-434)
22 Effets of Altitue on Cognitive Performance and Mood States (435-452)
23 Food Components and Other Treatments That May Enhance Mental Performance at High Altitudes and in the Cold (453-466)
General Discussion (467-478)
Appendixes (479-480)
A: Environmental Stress Management at High Altitudes by Adaptogens, summary of unpublished manuscript (481-484)
B: Biographical Sketches (485-500)
C: Abbreviations (501-504)
D: Factors Related to Nutritional Needs in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments- A Selected Bibliography (505-554)
Index (555-568)