National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: APPENDIX D
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×

Appendix E Summary of Empirical Studies of HIV Prevention Mass Media Campaigns

Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×

SUMMARY OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF HIV PREVENTION MASS MEDIA CAMPAIGNS

 

 

 

 

Outcome Measureb

 

 

Country

Study

Populationa

Primary Channel

Knowledge

Attitude

Behavior

Other

U.S.

Woods et al., 1991

General

TV, radio

 

 

 

Dollar value of donated airtime

 

Keiser, 1991

General

TV, radio

 

 

 

Media Coverage

 

Gerbert and Maguire, 1989

General

Mailing

 

 

 

Recall of exposure to ANM

 

Snyder, 1991

General

Mailing

+/o

o

o

Perceived risk

 

Caron et al., 1992

College students

TV, radio

 

+

+

 

 

Gentry and Jorgensen, 1991

General

TV, radio

 

 

 

Dollar value of donated airtime

 

Bryce et al., 1990

General, Injecting drug users

Mass media

 

 

+

Seek information, obtain services

Australia

Rigby et al., 1989

General

TV

o

o

 

 

 

Bray et al., 1991

General

TV

o

o

 

Anxiety

 

Ross et al., 1990

General

TV

 

+

 

 

 

Ross and Carson, 988

General

Mass media

 

+

 

 

Brazil

Fox and Cortes, 1992

Urban adults

 

+

 

 

Awareness, concern, perceived risk

Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×

Bulgaria

Chileva and Metodieff, 1994

General

Print

 

 

 

Media coverage

France

Moatti et al., 1992

General adults

General media

+

+/o

+

Perceived risk

The Gambia

Sekou et al., 1989

General

General media

 

 

+

 

Italy

Bortolotti et al., 1992

Drug users

Print

 

 

+

HIV seroconversion

Japan

Maeda et al., 1994

Young adults

Mass media

+

+

+

 

Mexico

Izazola et al., 1988

 

 

 

 

+

 

 

Helguera et al., 1990

General

Multiple

 

 

 

Social response

 

Sepulveda et al., 1989

General

Press, mass media

+

+

o

 

Philippines

Margo et al., 1991

General

Multiple

+

+

 

Perceived risk

Switzerland

Wasserfallen et al., 1993

General

TV, print

 

 

+

 

 

Dubois-Arber et al., 1992

General

General media

 

 

+

 

 

Stutz Steiger et al., 1992

Clients of prostitutes

Print

 

 

o

 

 

Lehmann et al., 1987

General

Print

+

 

 

 

 

Hausser et al., 1988

General

TV, print

 

 

+

 

Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×

 

 

 

 

Outcome Measureb

 

 

Country

Study

Populationa

Primary Channel

Knowledge

Attitude

Behavior

Other

U.K.

Beck et al., 1990

General

TV, print

 

 

+

 

 

Weller et al., 1984

Men

TV, print

 

 

 

Decrease in gonorrhea rate

 

Wober, 1988

General

TV, print, radio

+

 

 

 

 

Mills et al., 1986

General

Print, TV

p

 

+

 

 

Sherr, 1987

General

 

o

 

 

Anxiety

Zaire

Kaseka et al., 1992

General

TV, radio

+

 

+/o

HIV seroincidence

 

Rukarangira et al., 1990

General

Mass media

+

 

 

 

 

Kyungu et al., 1990

General

TV

+

 

 

 

a Reach of program is national unless otherwise specified.

b A "+" indicates a favorable outcome, while an "o" indicates no effect.

SOURCES:

Beck EJ, Donegan C, Kenny C, Cohen CS, Moss V, Teny P, et al. An update on HIV testing at a London sexually transmitted diseases clinic: long-term impact of the AIDS media campaigns. Genitourin Med 1990;66:142-7.

Bortolotti F, Stivanello A, Noventa F, Forza G, Pavanello N, Bertolini A. Sustained AIDS education campaigns and behavioral changes in Italian drug abusers. Eur J Epidemiol 1992;8:264-7.

Bray F, Chapman S. Community knowledge, attitudes and media recall about AIDS, Sydney 1988 and 1989. Austr J Public Health 1991;15:107-13.

Bryce J, Pope RS, Ruff JA. The impact of the Michigan mass media campaign on hotline calls, knowledge levels, and requests for HIV counseling and testing. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, June 19-24, 1990, San Francisco [abstract no. F.D. 848].


Caron SL, Davis CM, Wynn RL, Roberts LW. "America Responds to AIDS," but did college students? Differences between March, 1987, and September, 1988. AIDS Educ Prev 1992;4:18-28.

Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×

Chileva A, Metodieff M. The mass media response to a national AIDS campaign. Tenth International Conference on AIDS, August 7-12, 1994, Yokohama [abstract no. PDO606].

Dubois-Arber F, Jeannin A, Zeugin P. Evaluation of AIDS prevention in Switzerland: behavioral change in the general population. Eighth International Conference on AIDS, July 19-24, 1992, Amsterdam [abstract no. PoD 5410].


Fox MP, Cortes E. The current relevance of mass media advertising in Brazilian AIDS prevention campaigns. Eighth International Conference on AIDS, July 19-24, 1992, Amsterdam [abstract no. PoD 5806].


Gentry EM, Jorgensen CM. Monitoring the exposure of "America Responds to AIDS" PSA campaign. Public Health Rep 1991;106:651-5.

Gerbert B, Maguire B.Public acceptance of the Surgeon General's brochure on AIDS. Public Health Rep 1989;104:130-3.


Hausser D, Lehmann P, Dubois-Arber F, Gutzwiller F. Evaluation of nationwide campaigns against AIDS in Switzerland. Fourth International Conference on AIDS, June 12-16, 1988, Stockholm [abstract no. 9553].

Helguera G, Acuna ML, Chavez-Peon F, Sepulveda J. Social mobilization in the prevention of AIDS. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, June 19-24, 1990, San Francisco [abstract no. F.C. 850].


Izazola JA, Vaidespino JL, Sepulveda J. Indicators of behavior modification due to the campaign for the prevention of AIDS in Mexico. Fourth International Conference on AIDS, June 12-16, 1988, Stockholm [abstract no. 9551].


Kaseka N, Jones D, Kalambay K, Walombua M, Doppagne A, Reyward W, et al. Contribution of a public mass-media and AIDS information campaign in AIDS knowledge, condom use and HIV seroincidence among employees of a large business in Kinshasa, Zaire. Eighth International Conference on AIDS, July 19-24, 1992, Amsterdam [abstract no. PoD 5546].

Keiser NH. Strategies of media marketing for "America Responds to AIDS" and applying lessons learned. Public Health Rep 1991;106:623-7.

Kyungu M, Eiger R, Kaombo K, Kambamba SA, Convisser J. The impact of an AIDS television campaign on an urban experience. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, June 19-24, 1990, San Francisco [abstract no. F.D. 846].


Lehmann P, Hausser D, Somaini B, Gutzwiller F. Campaign against AIDS in Switzerland: evaluation of a nationwide educational programme. Br Med J 1987;295:1118-20.


Maeda M, Inagaki T, Ishii A, Ashizawa M, Minamitani M. The effects of education campaign for AIDS/HIV through mass medias from 1992 to 1994. Tenth International Conference on AIDS, August 7-12, 1994, Yokohama [abstract no. 568D].

Margo G, MacDonald G, Schneider A, Dayrit M, Abad M, Consunjui B. The importance of social marketing techniques in creating effective media campaigns on AIDS. Seventh International Conference on AIDS, June 16-21, 1991, Florence [abstract no. W.D. 4273].

Mills S, Campbell MJ, Waters WE. Public knowledge of AIDS and the DHSS advertisement campaign. Br Med J 1986;293:1089-90.

Moatti JP, Dab W, Loundou H, Quenel P, Beltzer N, Anes A, et al. Impact on the general public of media campaigns against AIDS: a French evaluation. Health Policy 1992;21:233-47.


Rigby K, Brown M, Anagnostou P, Ross MW. Shock tactics to counter AIDS: the Australian experience. Psychol Health 1989;3:145-59.

Ross MW, Carson JA. Effectiveness of distribution of information on AIDS: a national study of six media in Australia. New York State J Med 1988;88:239-41.

Ross MW, Rigby K, Rosser BR, Anagnostou P, Brown M. The effect of a national campaign on attitudes toward AIDS. AIDS Care 1990;2:339-46.

Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×

Rukarangira NW, Ngirabakunzi K, Bihimi Y, Kitembo M. Evaluation of the AIDS information program, using mass media campaign, in Lumumbashi-Zaire. Sixth International Conference on AIDS, June 19-24, 1990, San Francisco [abstract no. F.D. 844].

Sekou D, Saihou C, Amie C, Theophilus G. A multidimensional approach to promote awareness of AIDS in the Gambia. Fifth International Conference on AIDS, June 4-9, 1989, Montreal [abstract no. W.E.P. 8].

Sepulveda J, Izazola JA, Valdespino JL, Mondragon M, Townsend J. Massive campaign for AIDS education, achievements and problems. Fifth International Conference on AIDS, June 4-9, 1989, Montreal [abstract no. T.G.O. 9].

Sherr L. An evaluation of the UK government health education campaign on AIDS. Psychol Health 1987;1:61-72.

Snyder LB. The impact of the Surgeon General's "Understanding AIDS" pamphlet in Connecticut. Health Commun 1991;3:37-57.

Stutz Steiger T, Wasserfallen F, Landert C, Dubois-Arber F, Obrist B, Somaini B. A media campaign in Switzerland targeted at the clients of prostitutes. Eighth International Conference on AIDS, July 19-24, 1992, Amsterdam [abstract no. PoD 5659].


Wasserfallen F, Stutz ST, Summermatter D, Hausermann M, Dubois-Arber F. Six years of promotion of condom use in the framework of the National Stop AIDS Campaign: experiences and results in Switzerland. Ninth International Conference on AIDS, June 6-11, 1993, Berlin [abstract no. WS-D27-3].

Weller IVD, Hindley DJ, Adler DW, Meldrum JT. Gonorrhea in homosexual men and media coverage of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in London 1982-3. Br Med J Clin Res Educ 1984;289:1041.

Wober JM. Informing the British public about AIDS. Health Educ Res 1988;3:19-24.

Woods DR, Davis D, Westover BJ. "America Responds to AIDS": its content, development process, and outcome. Public Health Rep 1991;106:616-22.

REPRINTED FROM: Flora JA, Miabach EW, Holtgrave D. Communication campaigns for HIV prevention: using mass media in the next decade. In: IOM. Assessing the social and behavioral science base for HIV/AIDs prevention and intervention. Background papers. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1995:129-54.

Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×
Page 357
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×
Page 358
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×
Page 359
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×
Page 360
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×
Page 361
Suggested Citation:"APPENDIX E." Institute of Medicine. 1997. The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5284.
×
Page 362
Next: APPENDIX F »
The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases Get This Book
×
Buy Hardback | $59.95 Buy Ebook | $47.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The United States has the dubious distinction of leading the industrialized world in overall rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with 12 million new cases annually. About 3 million teenagers contract an STD each year, and many will have long-term health problems as a result. Women and adolescents are particularly vulnerable to these diseases and their health consequences. In addition, STDs increase the risk of HIV transmission.

The Hidden Epidemic examines the scope of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provides a critical assessment of the nation's response to this public health crisis. The book identifies the components of an effective national STD prevention and control strategy and provides direction for an appropriate response to the epidemic. Recommendations for improving public awareness and education, reaching women and adolescents, integrating public health programs, training health care professionals, modifying messages from the mass media, and supporting future research are included.

The book documents the epidemiological dimensions and the economic and social costs of STDs, describing them as "a secret epidemic" with tremendous consequences. The committee frankly discusses the confusing and often hypocritical nature of how Americans deal with issues regarding sexuality—the conflicting messages conveyed in the mass media, the reluctance to promote condom use, the controversy over sex education for teenagers, and the issue of personal blame.

The Hidden Epidemic identifies key elements of effective, culturally appropriate programs to promote healthy behavior by adolescents and adults. It examines the problem of fragmentation in STD services and provides examples of communities that have formed partnerships between stakeholders to develop integrated approaches.

The committee's recommendations provide a practical foundation on which to build an integrated national program to help young people and adults develop habits of healthy sexuality.

The Hidden Epidemic was written for both health care professionals and people without a medical background and will be indispensable to anyone concerned about preventing and controlling STDs.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!