SUMMARY OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF HIV PREVENTION MASS MEDIA CAMPAIGNS
|
|
|
|
Outcome Measureb |
|
|
|
Country |
Study |
Populationa |
Primary Channel |
Knowledge |
Attitude |
Behavior |
Other |
U.S. |
Woods et al., 1991 |
General |
TV, radio |
|
|
|
Dollar value of donated airtime |
|
Keiser, 1991 |
General |
TV, radio |
|
|
|
Media Coverage |
|
Gerbert and Maguire, 1989 |
General |
Mailing |
|
|
|
Recall of exposure to ANM |
|
Snyder, 1991 |
General |
Mailing |
+/o |
o |
o |
Perceived risk |
|
Caron et al., 1992 |
College students |
TV, radio |
|
+ |
+ |
|
|
Gentry and Jorgensen, 1991 |
General |
TV, radio |
|
|
|
Dollar value of donated airtime |
|
Bryce et al., 1990 |
General, Injecting drug users |
Mass media |
|
|
+ |
Seek information, obtain services |
Australia |
Rigby et al., 1989 |
General |
TV |
o |
o |
|
|
|
Bray et al., 1991 |
General |
TV |
o |
o |
|
Anxiety |
|
Ross et al., 1990 |
General |
TV |
|
+ |
|
|
|
Ross and Carson, 988 |
General |
Mass media |
|
+ |
|
|
Brazil |
Fox and Cortes, 1992 |
Urban adults |
|
+ |
|
|
Awareness, concern, perceived risk |
Bulgaria |
Chileva and Metodieff, 1994 |
General |
|
|
|
|
Media coverage |
France |
Moatti et al., 1992 |
General adults |
General media |
+ |
+/o |
+ |
Perceived risk |
The Gambia |
Sekou et al., 1989 |
General |
General media |
|
|
+ |
|
Italy |
Bortolotti et al., 1992 |
Drug users |
|
|
|
+ |
HIV seroconversion |
Japan |
Maeda et al., 1994 |
Young adults |
Mass media |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
Mexico |
Izazola et al., 1988 |
|
|
|
|
+ |
|
|
Helguera et al., 1990 |
General |
Multiple |
|
|
|
Social response |
|
Sepulveda et al., 1989 |
General |
Press, mass media |
+ |
+ |
o |
|
Philippines |
Margo et al., 1991 |
General |
Multiple |
+ |
+ |
|
Perceived risk |
Switzerland |
Wasserfallen et al., 1993 |
General |
TV, print |
|
|
+ |
|
|
Dubois-Arber et al., 1992 |
General |
General media |
|
|
+ |
|
|
Stutz Steiger et al., 1992 |
Clients of prostitutes |
|
|
|
o |
|
|
Lehmann et al., 1987 |
General |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
Hausser et al., 1988 |
General |
TV, print |
|
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
Outcome Measureb |
|
|
|
Country |
Study |
Populationa |
Primary Channel |
Knowledge |
Attitude |
Behavior |
Other |
U.K. |
Beck et al., 1990 |
General |
TV, print |
|
|
+ |
|
|
Weller et al., 1984 |
Men |
TV, print |
|
|
|
Decrease in gonorrhea rate |
|
Wober, 1988 |
General |
TV, print, radio |
+ |
|
|
|
|
Mills et al., 1986 |
General |
Print, TV |
p |
|
+ |
|
|
Sherr, 1987 |
General |
|
o |
|
|
Anxiety |
Zaire |
Kaseka et al., 1992 |
General |
TV, radio |
+ |
|
+/o |
HIV seroincidence |
|
Rukarangira et al., 1990 |
General |
Mass media |
+ |
|
|
|
|
Kyungu et al., 1990 |
General |
TV |
+ |
|
|
|
a Reach of program is national unless otherwise specified. b A "+" indicates a favorable outcome, while an "o" indicates no effect. |
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REPRINTED FROM: Flora JA, Miabach EW, Holtgrave D. Communication campaigns for HIV prevention: using mass media in the next decade. In: IOM. Assessing the social and behavioral science base for HIV/AIDs prevention and intervention. Background papers. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1995:129-54.