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Pathways of Addiction: Opportunities in Drug Abuse Research
indications for, 192-193
integrated psychosocial-pharmacologic, 194
legally coerced, 266-268
in managed care systems, 10 , 222 , 225 , 227-228 , 231-236
medical cost offsets, 242-243
medications for, 39-41 , 70-71
modalities, 9
options, 194
outpatient, 194
patient compliance, 198
placement criteria, 242
of pregnant women, 213 , 269-270
primary medical care in drug abuse programs, 205-207
psychosocial, 196-197
public vs. private settings, 228-231
recommendations for research, 9-10 , 215
research accomplishments, 15 , 192 , 193
research opportunities, 202
significance of craving, 46-47
significance of motivational
research, 43-45
special populations, 211-212
in therapeutic communities, 194
treatment matching, 207-209
utilization, 193
vs. drug control strategies, 199-200
vs. punishment, 256-257
See also Pharmacotherapy
Treatment Alternatives to Street
Crime (TASC), 214 , 266-267
Treatment Outcome Prospective Study, 197-198
Treatment Services Review, 202
Twelve-step programs, 194
U
Urinalysis, 113
Utilization of treatment resources, 193
confidentiality and, 268-270
managed care systems, 231-235
medical cost offsets, 242-243
V
Violence/violent behavior
alcohol linkages, 177-178
behavioral research, 47-48
cocaine linkages, 178-179
co-occurring psychiatric disorders and drug abuse, 180-182
drug abuse linkages, 176
in drug-related crimes, 176-177 , 178
in drug trade, 176
drug use linkages, 8-9
opiate linkages, 178
as pharmacological effect of drugs, 177-180
as predictor of alcoholism, 122
research recommendations, 9 , 182
Vulnerability to drug use, 48-49
Genetic basis, 75 , 78 , 119-120
Individual differences, 120-121
W
Withdrawal, 19 , 37
behavioral research, 42-43
conditioned, 42
determinants of drug-seeking
behavior in, 66-67
drug antagonist therapies, 70-71
hypothalamic system in, 67
locus coeruleus model, 68-69
negative affective states in, 67
neurochemical substrate, 66-69
in newborns, 170
physical signs, 66-67
psychological signs, 66
Y
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 106