National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 8: Conclusions and Recommendations
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

Bibliography

Adelman, Clifford. 1991. Women at Thirty Something. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

Ahern, Nancy C., and Elizabeth L.Scott. 1981. Career Outcomes in a Matched Sample of Men and Women Ph.Ds: An Analytical Report. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Allison, Paul D., and J.Scott Long. 1987. Interuniversity mobility of academic scientists. American Sociological Review 52:643–652.

Allison, Paul D., and J.Scott Long. 1990. Departmental effects on scientific productivity. American Sociological Review 55:469–478.

American Association of University Women Educational Foundation. 1992. How Schools Shortchange Girls-The AAUW Report. New York: Marlowe and Co.

Applebome, Peter. 1996. Publishers’ squeeze making tenure elusive. Pp. A1, A12 in The New York Times. New York.

Astin, Helen S. 1969. The Woman Doctorate in America: Origins, Career and Family. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Astin, Helen S., and Alan E.Bayer. 1979. Pervasive gender differences in the academic reward system: Scholarship, marriage and what else? Pp. 221–229 in Academic Rewards in Higher Education, edited by D.R.Lewis and W.E.Becker. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Co.

Barber, Leslie A. 1995. U.S. women in science and engineering, 1960–1990: Progress toward equity? Journal of Higher Education 66(2):213–234.

Barbezat, Debra. 1988. Gender differences in the academic reward system. Pp. 138–164 in Academic Labor Markets and Careers, edited by D.W.Breneman and T.I.K.Youn. New York: Falmer Press.

Bayer, Alan E., and Helen S.Astin. 1968. Sex differences in academic rank and salary among science doctorates in teaching. Journal of Human Resources 3:191–201.

Bayer, Alan E., and Helen S.Astin. 1975. Gender differentials in the academic reward system. Science 188:796–802.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

Becker, William E., and Robert K.Toutkoushian. 1995. The Measurement and cost of removing unexplained gender differences in faculty salaries. Economics of Education Review 14:209–220.

Bellas, Marcia L., and Barbara F.Reskin. 1994. On comparable worth. Academe September-October: 83–85.

Bellas, Marcia L. 1993. Faculty salaries: Still a cost of being female? Social Science Quarterly 74:62–75.

Bellas, Marcia L. 1994. Comparable worth in academia: The effects on faculty salaries of the sex Ccomposition and labor-market conditions of academic cisciplines. American Sociological Review 59:807–821.

Bellas, Marcia L. 1997. Disciplinary differences in faculty salaries: Does gender bias play a role? Journal of Higher Education 68:299–321.

Bergman, Barbara R. 1974. Occupational segregation, wages, and profits when employers discriminate by race or sex. Eastern Economic Journal 1:103–110.

Berryman, S.E. 1983. Who Will Do Science? New York: Rockefeller Foundation.

Bettelheim, Bruno. 1965. “The commitment required of a woman entering a scientific profession in present day American society. Pp. 3–19 in Women and the scientific professions: The M.I.T. Symposium on American Women in Science and Engineering, edited by J.A. Mattfeld, C.G.Van Aken, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Association of Women Students. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.

Blau, Peter M., and Otis Dudley Duncan. 1967. The American Occupational Structure. New York: Wiley.

BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 1999. Information obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Internet site at http://www.bls.gov/cpihome.htm. Visited March 12, 1999.

Bowen, Howard R., and Jack H.Schuster. 1986. American Professors: A National Resource Imperiled. New York: Oxford.

Bowen, William G., and Neil L.Rudenstine. 1992. In Pursuit of the Ph.D. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Caplow, Theodore, and Reece J.McGee. 1958. The Academic Marketplace. New York: Basic Books.

Carnegie Commission on Higher Education. 1973, 1976, 1987, 1994. A Classification of Institutions of Higher Education: A Technical Report. Berkeley, CA: The Carnegie Commission.

Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education. 1975. Making Affirmative Action Work in Higher Education: An Analysis of Institutional and Federal Policies with Recommendations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. 1994. Carnegie Foundation National Faculty Surveys. Princeton, NJ: Opinion Research Corporation.

Cartter, A.M. 1971. Scientific manpower for 1970–1985. Science 172:132–140.

Catsambis, Sophia. 1994. The Path to math: Gender and racial-ethnic differences in mathematics participation from middle school to high school. Sociology of Education 67:199– 215.

CEEWISE (Committee on the Education and Employment of Women in Science and Engineering), National Research Council. 1983. Climbing the Ladder: An Update on the Status of Doctoral Women Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Centra, John A. 1974. Women, Men and the Doctorate. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.

Chamberlain, Mariam K. (ed.) 1988. Women in Academe: Progress and Prospects. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Clark, B.R. 1987. The Academic Life: Small Words, Different Worlds. Princeton. NJ: Princeton University Press.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

Clark, Burton R. 1995. Places of Inquiry: Research and Advanced Education in Modern Universities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Cole, Jonathan R. 1979. Fair Science. New York: Free Press.

Cole, Jonathan R., and Harriet Zuckerman. 1984. The productivity puzzle: Persistence and change in patterns of publication among men and women scientists. Pp. 217–258 in Advances in Motivation and Achievement, vol. 2, edited by P.Maehr and M.W.Steinkamp. Greenwich, CT.: JAI Press.

Cole, Jonathan R., and Harriet Zuckerman. 1987. Marriage and motherhood and research performance in science. Scientific American 256:119–125.

Cole, Jonathan R., and Stephen Cole. 1973. Social Stratification in Science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Commission on Academic Tenure in Higher Education (edited by W.R.Keast and J.W. Macy). 1973. Faculty Tenure: A Report and Recommendations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Conable, Charlotte Williams. 1977. Women at Cornell: The Myth of Equal Education. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Conway, Delores A., and Harry V.Roberts. 1983. Reverse regression, fairness, and employment discrimination. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 1:75–85.

Cotgrove, S., and S. Box. 1970. Science, Industry and Society: Studies in the Sociology of Science. London: Allen & Unwin.

Crane, Diana. 1965. Scientists at major and minor universities: A study in productivity and recognition. American Sociological Review 30:699–714.

Culotta, Elizabeth. 1993. Study: Male scientists publish more, women cited more. The Scientist 7(15):14–15.

CWISE (Committee on Women in Science and Engineering-National Research Council). 1994. Women Scientists and Engineers Employed in Industry: Why So Few? Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Dix, Linda Skidmore. 1987a. Women: Their Underrepresentation and Career Differentials in Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Dix, Linda Skidmore. 1987b. Minorities: Their Underrepresentation and Career Differentials in Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Dresselhaus, M.S. 1986. Women graduate students. Physics Today 38:74–75.

Duan, N. 1983. Smearing estimate: A nonparametric retransformation method. Journal of the American Statistical Association 78:605–610.

Duncan, Greg J., and Saul Hoffman. 1979. On the job training and earnings differences by race and sex. Review of Economics and Statistics 61:594–603.


Edgeworth, F.Y. 1922. “Equal Pay to Men and Women for Equal Work.” Econ. J. 32:431–457.


Farber, Stephen. 1977. The earnings and promotion of womenfaculty: Comment. American Economic Review 67:199–206.

Federal Glass Ceiling Commission. 1996. Good for Business: Making Full Use of the Nation’s Human Capital. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.

Feldberg, R. 1984. “Comparable worth: Toward theory and practice in the United States.” Signs 10:311–328.

Feldman, Saul D. 1974. Escape from the Doll’s House. New York: McGraw Hill.

Ferber, Marianne A. 1974. “Professors, performance, and rewards,” Industrial Relations 31:69– 77.

Ferber, Marianne A., and Betty Kordick. 1978a. Sex differentials in the earnings of Ph.D.s. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 31:227–238.

Ferber, Marianne A., J.Loef, and H.Lowry. 1978b. The economic status of women faculty: A reappraisal. The Journal of Human Resources 13:385–401.

Ferber, Marianne, and Joan Huber. 1979. Husbands, wives, and careers. Journal of Marriage and the Family 41:315–325.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

Fox, Mary Frank, and Catherine A.Faver. 1985. Men, women, and publication productivity. The Sociological Quarterly 26:537–549.

Fox, Mary Frank. 1981. Sex, salary, and achievement: Reward-dualism in academia. Sociology of Education 54:71–84.

Fox, Mary Frank. 1983. Publication productivity among scientists: A critical review. Social Studies of Science 13:285–305.

Fox, Mary Frank. 1989. Women and higher rducation: Gender differences in the status of students and scholars. Pp. 217–235 in Women: A Feminist Perspective, edited by J. Freeman. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing.

Fox, Mary Frank. 1991. Gender, environmental milieu, and productivity in science, in The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community , edited by H.Zuckerman, J.R.Cole, and J.T.Bruer. New York: Norton.

Fox, Mary Frank. 1998. Women in science and engineering: Theory, practice, and policy in programs. Signs 24:201–223.

Fox, Mary Frank. 1996. Women, academia, and careers in science and engineering. Pp. 265– 289 in The Equity Equation: Fostering the Advancement of Women in the Sciences, Mathematics, and Engineering, edited by C.S.Davis, A.Ginorio, C.Hollenshead, B.Lazarus, and P.Rayman. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Frieze, Irene Hanson, and Barbara Hartman Hanusa. 1984. Women scientists: Overcoming barriers. Pp. 139–163 in Advances in Motivation and Achievement, vol. 2, edited by P. Maehr and M.W.Steinkamp. Greenwich, CT.: JAI Press.

Goldberg, Debbie. 1997. Who makes the cut? Pp. R04 in The Washington Post. Washington, DC.

Goldberger, Marvin L., Brendan A.Maher, and Pamela Ebert Flattau. 1995. Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States: Continuity and Change. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Gordon, G., and Sue Marquis. 1962. Freedom and control in four types of scientific settings. American Behavioral Scientist 6.

Gordon, N., T.E.Morton, and I.C.Braden. 1974. Faculty salaries: Is there discrimination by sex, salary, and achievement. American Economic Review 64:469–477.

Gornick, Vivian. 1990. Women in Science. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Gose, Ben. 1997. Liberal-arts colleges ask: Where have the men gone? The Chronicle of Higher Education. June 6, 1997: A35.

Gould, Stephan Jay. 1984. Review of Bleier’s Science and Gender, New York Times Book Review, August 12, 1984.

Gray, Mary W. 1993. Can statistics tell us what we do not want to hear? The case of complex salary structures. Statistical Sciences 8:144–179.

Gregorio, David I., Lionel S.Lewis, and Richard A.Wanner. 1982. Assessing merit and need: Distributive justice and salary attainment in academia. Social Science Quarterly 63:492–505.


Hackett, Edward J. 1990. Science as a vocation in the 1990s: The changing organizational culture of academic science. Journal of Higher Education 61:241–279.

Hagstrom, W.O. 1965. The Scientific Community. New York: Basic Books.

Hagstrom, Warren O.1967. Competition and Teamwork in Science. Final Report to the National Science Foundation for Research Grant GS-657.

Haley-Oliphant, Ann E. 1985. International perspectives on the status and role of women in science. In Women in Science: A Report from the Field, edited by J.B.Kahle. Philadelphia: Falmer Press.

Hamovitch, William, and Richard D.Morganstern. 1977. Children and the productivity of academic women. Journal of Higher Education 48:633–645.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

Hansen, W.Lee, Burton A.Weisbrod, and Robert P.Strauss. 1978. Modeling the earnings and research productivity of academic economists. Journal of Political Economy 86:729– 741.

Hargens, Lowell H., and J.Scott Long. Forthcoming. Assessing Discrimination in Academia: Demographic Inertia and Women’s Representation among Faculty in Higher-Education.

Hargens, Lowell L., J.McCann, and Barbara F.Reskin. 1978. Productivity and reproductivity: Marital fertility and professional achievement among research scientists. Social Forces 52:129–146.

Harmon, Lindsey R. 1963. Doctorates Production in United States Universities 1920–1962: With Baccalaureate Origins of Doctorates in Sciences, Arts and Professions. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Harmon, Lindsey R. 1978. A Century of Doctorates: Data Analysis of Growth and Change. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Henderson, P.H., J.E.Clarke, and M.A.Reynolds. 1996. Summary Report 1995: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Hochschild, Arlie Russell. 1975. Inside the clockwork of male careers. Pp. 47–80 in Women and the Power to Change, edited by F.Howe. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hodson, Randy. 1985. Some considerations concerning the functional form of earnings. Social Science Research 14:374–394.

Hoffman, E.P. 1976. Faculty salaries: Is there discrimination by sex, race, and discipline? American Economic Review 66:196–198.

Hornig, Lilli S. 1987. Women graduate students: a literature review and synthesis, in Women: Their Underrepresentation and Career Differentials in Science and Engineering, edited by L.S.Dix. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Hurlbert, Jeanne, and Rachel A.Rosenfeld. 1992. Getting a good job: Rank and institutional prestige in academic psychologists’ careers. Sociology of Education 65:188–207.

Johnson, George E., and Frank P.Stafford. 1979. Pecuniary rewards to men and women faculty. Pp. 231–243 in Academic Rewards in Higher Education, edited by D.R.Lewis and J.William E.Becker. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

Jones, Lyle V., Gardner Lindzey, and Porter E.Coggeshall. 1982. An Assessment of Research Doctorate Programs in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.


Kahle, Jane Butler, and Marsha Lakes Matyas. 1987. Equitable science and mathematics education: A discrepancy model. In Women: Their Underrepresentation and Career Differentials in Science and Engineering, edited by L.S.Dix. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. Men and women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books.

Katz, D. 1973. Faculty salaries, promotion, and productivity at a large university. American Economic Review 63:469–477.

Keller E.F. 1991. The wo/man scientist: Issues of sex and gender in the pursuit of science. In The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community, ed. H.Zuckerman, J.R.Cole, J.Y. Bruer, 227–236. New York: W.W.Norton.

Kerr, Clark. 1963. The Uses of the University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Klaw, Spencer. 1968. The New Brahmins: Scientific Life in America. New York: Morrow.

Kornhauser, W. 1962. Scientists in Industry. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Kuh, Charlotte V. 1996. Is there a Ph.D. glut? Is that the right question? in Presentation to the Higher Education Secretariat on March 6. Washington, DC.


LeBold, William K. 1987. Women in engineering and science: An undergraduate research perspective. In Women: Their Underrepresentation and Career Differentials in Science and Engineering. Linda S.Dix, ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

Lewis, Gwendolyn L. 1986. Career Interruptions and Gender Differences in Salaries of Scientists and Engineers. A Working Paper for the Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel of the National Research Council. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Lomperis, Ana Maria Turner. 1990. Are women changing the nature of the academic profession? Journal of Higher Education 61:643–677.

Long J.Scott, and Robert McGinnis. 1985. The effects of the mentor on the academic career. Scientometrics 7:255–80.

Long, J.Scott, and Mary Frank Fox. 1995. Scientific careers: Universalism and particularism. Annual Review of Sociology 21:45–71.

Long, J.Scott, and Robert McGinnis. 1981. Organizational context and scientific productivity. American Sociological Review 46:422–442.

Long, J.Scott, P.D.Allison, and R.McGinnis. 1980. Entrance into the academic career. American Sociological Review 44:816–830.

Long, J.Scott, Paul D.Allison, and Robert McGinnis. 1993. Rank advancement in academic careers: Gender differences and the effects of productivity. American Sociological Review 58:703–722.

Long, J.Scott. 1978. Productivity and academic position in the scientific career. American Sociological Review 43:889–908.

Long, J.Scott. 1992. Measures of gender difference in scientific productivity. Social Forces 71:159–178.

Long, J.Scott. 1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Press.

Magner, Denise K. 1996a. A parlous time for tenure: Minnesota professors are furious over plans they say would erode job security. Pp. A21-A23 in The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Magner, Denise K. 1996b. Professors’ salaries hit $50,000, edging inflation.” Pp. A18-A22 in The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Malcom, Shirley M. 1983. Equity and Excellence: Compatible Goals. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Marcson, Simon. 1960. The Scientist in American Industry. Princeton, NJ: Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University.

Marwell, Gerald, Rachel Rosenfeld, and Seymour Spilerman. 1979. Geographic constraints on women’s careers in academia. Science 205:1225–31.

Mattis, Mary, and Jennifer Allyn. 1999. Women scientists in industry. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 869:143–174.

Matyas, Marsha Lakes, and Linda Skidmore Dix (editors). 1992. Science and Engineering Programs: On Target for Women? Washington,DC: National Academy Press.

McGuigan, Dorothy Gies. 1970. A Dangerous Experiment: 100 Years of Women at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI: Center for Continuing Education of Women.

McIlwee, Judith Samsom, and J.Gregg Robinson. 1992. Women in Engineering: Gender, Power, and Workplace Culture. Albany: State University of New York Press.

McPherson, Michael S. 1985. Numbers and quality: Analyzing the market for university scientists and engineers. Pp. 1–5 in Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Forecasting Demand for University Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Merton, Robert K. 1973 reprinted from 1942. The normative structure of science. Pp. 267–278 in The Sociology of Science. Edited by N.Storer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Metzger, Walter P. 1973. Academic tenure in America: A historical essay. Pp. 93–159 in Faculty Tenure: A Report and Recommendations, edited by Commission on Academic Tenure in Higher Education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

Moen, Phyllis. 1985. Continuities and discontinuities in women’s labor force activity. Pp. 113–155 in Life Course Dynamics, ed. Glenn H.Elder. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Morgan, Laurie A. 1998. Glass-ceiling effect or cohort effect? A longitudinal study of the gender gap for engineers, 1982 to 1989. American Sociological Review 63:479–483.

NRC (National Research Council). 1981. Postdoctoral Appointments and Disappointments: A Report of the Committee on a Study of Postdoctorals in Science and Engineering in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC (National Research Council). Committee on Dimensions Causes and Implications of Recent Trends in the Careers of Life Scientists. 1998. Trends in the Early Careers of Life Scientists. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

National Commission on Pay Equity. 1996. The Wage Gap. Hyattsville, MD.

National Science Board. 1998. Science and Engineering Indicators 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

NSB (National Science Board). 1993. Science and Engineering Indicators 1993. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

NSB (National Science Board). 1996. Science and Engineering Indicators 1996. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

NSB (National Science Board). 1999. Science and Engineering Indicators 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

NSF (National Science Foundation). 1920–1995. Survey of Earned Doctorates. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.

NSF (National Science Foundation). 1973–1995. Survey of Doctorate Recipients. Washington, DC : National Science Foundation.

NSF (National Science Foundation). 1996. Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.

NSF (National Science Foundation). 1997a. Characteristics of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States: 1995. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Studies.

NSF (National Science Foundation). 1997b. Who Is Unemployed? Factors Affecting Unemployment Among Individuals with Doctoral Degrees in Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.

NSF (National Science Foundation). 2000a. Tabulations from data from Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics: Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System Completion Survey; and NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates.

NSF (National Science Foundation). 2000b. Special tabulation, WebCASPAR Database System.


Pelz, D.C., and F.M.Andrews. 1966. Scientists in Organizations. New York: Wiley.

Perrucci, Robert, Kathleen O’Flaherty, and Harvey Marshall. 1983. Market conditions, productivity, and promotion among university faculty. Research in Higher Education 19:431–449.

Preston, Anne. 1993. A study of occupational departure of employees in the natural sciences and engineering. In Committee on Women in Science and Engineering Conference on Women Scientists and Engineers Employed in Industry. Irvine, CA.


Ransom, Michael, and Sharon Megdal. 1993. Sex differences in the academic labor market in the affirmative action era. Economics of Education Review 12:21–43.

Rayman, Paula, and Belle Brett. 1993. Pathways for Women in the Sciences. Wellesley College: Center for Research on Women.

Reskin, Barbara F. 1977. Scientific productivity and the reward wtructure of science. American Sociological Review 42:491–504.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

Reskin, Barbara F. 1978. Scientific productivity, sex, and location in the institution of science. American Journal of Sociology 83:1235–1243.

Reskin, Barbara F. 1979. Academic sponsorship and scientists’ careers. Sociology of Education 52:129–146.

Reskin, Barbara F., and Lowell L.Hargens. 1979. Scientific Aadvancement of male and female chemists. Pp. 100–122 in Discrimination in Organizations, edited by K.G. Lutterman and A.R.Alvarez. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Riley, Matilda White. 1992. Cohort Analysis. Pp. 231–237 in Encyclopedia of Sociology, vol. 1, edited by E.F.Borgatta. New York: Macmillan.

Rosenfeld, Rachel A., and Jo Ann Jones. 1986. Institutional mobility among academics. Sociology of Education 59:212–226.

Rosenfeld, Rachel A., and Jo Ann Jones. 1987. Patterns and effects of geographic mobility for academic women and men. Journal of Higher Education 58:493–515.

Rosenfeld, Rachel A., and Jo Ann Jones. 1988. Exit and re-entry in higher education. Pp. 74– 97 in Academic Labor Markets, edited by D.W.Breneman and T.I.K.Youn. New York: Falmer Press.

Rossiter, Margaret W. 1982. Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.

Rossiter, Margaret W. 1995. Women Scientists in America: Before Affirmative Action 1940–1972. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.

Shyrock, Henry S., Jacob S.Siegel, and Associates. 1973. The Methods and Materials of Demography, vol. 1. Washington, DC: Department of Commerce.

Simon, R.J., Shirley M.Clark, and L.L.Tifft. 1966. Of nepotism, marriage and the pursuit of an academic career. Sociology of Education 39:344–358.

Solomon, Barbara Miller. 1985. In the Company of Educated Women. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Sonnert, Gerhard and (G.Holton). 1995. Gender Differences in Science Careers: The Project Access Study. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Sonnert, Gerhard. 1990. Careers of women and men postdoctoral fellows in the sciences. Presented at the American Sociological Association meetings.

Szafran, Robert F. 1984. Universities and Women Faculty: Why Some Organizations Discriminate More Than Others. New York: Praeger.


Tidball, M.Elizabeth, and Vera Kistiakowsky. 1976. Baccalaureate origins of American scientists and scholars. Science, August 20:646–652.

Tobias, Sheila, Daryl E.Chubin, and Kevin Aylesworth. 1995. Rethinking Science as a Career: Perceptions and Realities in the Physical Sciences. Research Corporation, Tucson, AZ.

Tolbert, Pamela S. 1986. Organizations and inequality: Sources of earnings differences between male and female faculty. American Sociological Review 59:227–235.

Touchton, Judity G., and Lynne Davis. 1991. Fact Book on Women in Higher Education. New York: American Council on Education and Macmillan.

Toutkoushian, Robert. 1998. Sex matters less for younger faculty: Evidence of disaggregate pay disparities from the 1988 and 1993 NCES Surveys. Economics of Education Review 17:55–77.

Treiman, Donald J., and Heidi I.Hartmann. 1991. Women, Work, and Wages: Equal Pay for Jobs of Equal Value. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Tuckman, Howard, Susan Coyle, and Yupin Bae. 1990. On Time to the Doctorate: A Study of the Increased Time to Complete Doctorates in Science and Engineering. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×

U.S. Census. 1999. Information obtained from the U.S. Census Internet site at http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/hhes/income/histinc/p36.html. Visited 9/21/00. Table P-36: Full-Time, Year-Round Workers (All Races) by Median Income and Sex: 1970 to 1997.

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. 1988. Educating Scientists and Engineers: Grade School to Grad School. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. Department of Labor-Women’s Bureau. 1994. Handbook on Women Workers: Issues and Trends. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.


Veblen, Thorstein. 1918. The Higher Learning in America. New York: B.W.Huebsch.

Vetter, Betty M. 1992. What is holding up the glass ceiling? Barriers to women in the science and Eengineering workforce. Occasional Paper 92–3. Publication: Washington, DC: Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology.


Widnall, S.E. 1988. AAAS Presidential lecture: Voices from the pipeline. Science 241:1740– 1745.

Wilson, Logan. 1979. American Academics: Then and Now. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wilson, Robin. 1997. At Harvard, Yale, and Stanford, women lose tenure bids despite backing from departments. Pp. A10–A11 in The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Wolfle, D. 1972. The Home of Science. New York: McGraw-Hill.


Xie, Yu, and Kimberlee A.Shauman. 1998. Sex differences in research productivity: New evidence about an old puzzle. American Sociological Review 63:847–870.


Yentsch, Clarice M., and Carl J.Sindermann. 1992. The Woman Scientist: Meeting the Challenges for a Successful Career. New York: Plenum Press.


Zuckerman Harriet. 1970. Stratification in American science. Pp. 235–57 in Social Stratification, Edward O.Laumann, ed. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.

Zuckerman, Harriet. 1977. Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States. New York: The Free Press.

Zuckerman, Harriet, and Jonathan R.Cole. 1975. Women in American science. Minerva 13:82–102.

Zuckerman, Harriet and Robert K.Merton. 1972. Age, aging and age structure in science. Pp. 292–356 in M.W.Riley et al. (eds.), A Sociology of Age Stratification, Volume 3 of Aging and Society. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Zuckerman, Harriet. 1987. Persistence and change in the careers of men and women scientists and engineers. Pp. 127–156 in Women: Their Underrepresentation and Career Differentials in Science and Engineering, edited by L.S.Dix. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 222
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 223
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 224
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 225
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 226
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 227
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 228
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 229
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Research Council. 2001. From Scarcity to Visibility: Gender Differences in the Careers of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5363.
×
Page 230
Next: AppendixesA: Carnegie Classifications »
  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!