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Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals (1996)
Policy Division (PD)

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. "Measurement of Environmental Quality in the United States." Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1996.

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Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals

TABLE 3 State of the Environment—Local Ecosystems

Valued Environmental Attributes (VEAs)

Safe drinking water (quantity and quantity)

Maintenance of hydrological and geomorphological functions (see regional menu)

Food safety (freedom from contaminants, undesired organisms)

Air quality (visibility, outdoor, indoor, workplace)

Pleasant climate (e.g., temperature, precipitation)

Tree cover

Natural control of pest and exotic (non-native) species

Pollination

Nutrient flows/cycles

Productivity of commercially, recreationally valued species

Local biodiversity and biotic integrity; healthy population of local keystone and other desired species

Local environmental diversity

Proximity of homes to jobs, shopping, schools, parks, civic facilities

Access to local and regional transport (roads, public transport); safe routes for non-motorized traffic (sidewalks, bike paths)

Land availability for various uses: residential and commercial constructions, agriculture, transportation corridors, parks, etc.

Utilities (electricity, communications network, etc.)

Sanitation (disposal, treatment, recycling options)

Recreationally, aesthetically valued locations/sites/vista

Other aesthetically and culturally valued attributes

— Quiet

— Absence of noxious odors

— Cultural and Historical sites and districts

Conditions and Changes of Human and Natural Origin

Quantity and distributions of land and water suitable for various human uses

Local climate

Pollutant levels, proliferation of disease vectors in air, water, soil, food

Proliferation of unwanted exotic species, less desired native species

Local habitat alteration/fragmentation, destruction

Trophic structure and functioning of ecosystems, including energy transfer, nutrient flows, etc.

Biological community structure: species diversity, niche structure, etc.

Condition of key species (individuals and populations), body burdens of chemicals; population size and dynamics

Extent and distribution of paved surfaces, etc.

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143
Front Matter (R1-R12)
Part I: Committee Report (1-2)
Summary (3-14)
Society's Environmental Goals (15-26)
Use Social Science and Risk Assessment to Make Better Societal Choices (27-36)
Focus on Monitoring to Build Better Understanding of Our Ecological Systems (37-50)
Reduce the Adverse Impacts of Chemicals in the Environment (51-60)
Develop Environmental Options for the Energy System (61-72)
Use a Systems Engineering and Ecological Approach to Reduce Resource Use (73-80)
Improve Understanding of the Relationship Between Population and Consumption as a Means to Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Population Growth (81-86)
Set Environmental Goals Via Rates and Directions of Change (87-90)
Bibliography (91-94)
Part II: Commissioned Papers (95-96)
National Environmental Goals: Implementing the Laws, Visions of the Future, and Research (97-134)
Measurement of Environmental Quality in the United States (135-178)
Attitudes Toward the Environment Twenty-Five Years After Earth Day (179-190)
Environmental Goals and Science Policy: A Review of Selected Countries (191-242)
Can States Make a Market for Environmental Goals? (243-280)
Setting Environmental Goals: The View from Industry. A Review of Practices from the 1960s (281-326)
Status of Ecological Knowledge Related to Policy Decision-Making Needs in the Area of (327-344)
The Federal Budget and Environmental Priorities (345-398)
Part III: Keynote Addresses and Presentations (399-400)
D. James Baker, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (401-406)
Thomas Grumbly, U.S. Department of Energy (407-412)
Barry Gold, U.S. Department of the Interior (413-418)
Harlan Watson, House Committee on Science (419-422)
David Garman, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (423-430)
John Wise and Peter Truitt, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (431-436)
Judith Espinosa and Peggy Duxbury, President's Council on (437-448)
Gilbert S. Omenn, University of Washington (449-462)
Part IV: Appendixes (463-464)
A Committee Member and Staff Biographical Information (465-470)
B Forum Agenda (471-474)
C Forum Participants (475-482)
D Summary of Responses to Call for Comments (483-488)
E Respondents to Call for Comments (489-496)
F Summary of Breakout-Group Discussions (497-500)
G Detecting Changes in Time and Space (501-504)
H Contents and Executive Summary of a Report of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government (505-516)
Index (517-530)