Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R12
Part I: Committee Report 1-2
Summary 3-14
Society's Environmental Goals 15-26
Use Social Science and Risk Assessment to Make Better Societal Choices 27-36
Focus on Monitoring to Build Better Understanding of Our Ecological Systems 37-50
Reduce the Adverse Impacts of Chemicals in the Environment 51-60
Develop Environmental Options for the Energy System 61-72
Use a Systems Engineering and Ecological Approach to Reduce Resource Use 73-80
Improve Understanding of the Relationship Between Population and Consumption as a Means to Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Population Growth 81-86
Set Environmental Goals Via Rates and Directions of Change 87-90
Bibliography 91-94
Part II: Commissioned Papers 95-96
National Environmental Goals: Implementing the Laws, Visions of the Future, and Research 97-134
Measurement of Environmental Quality in the United States 135-178
Attitudes Toward the Environment Twenty-Five Years After Earth Day 179-190
Environmental Goals and Science Policy: A Review of Selected Countries 191-242
Can States Make a Market for Environmental Goals? 243-280
Setting Environmental Goals: The View from Industry. A Review of Practices from the 1960s 281-326
Status of Ecological Knowledge Related to Policy Decision-Making Needs in the Area of 327-344
The Federal Budget and Environmental Priorities 345-398
Part III: Keynote Addresses and Presentations 399-400
D. James Baker, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 401-406
Thomas Grumbly, U.S. Department of Energy 407-412
Barry Gold, U.S. Department of the Interior 413-418
Harlan Watson, House Committee on Science 419-422
David Garman, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 423-430
John Wise and Peter Truitt, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 431-436
Judith Espinosa and Peggy Duxbury, President's Council on 437-448
Gilbert S. Omenn, University of Washington 449-462
Part IV: Appendixes 463-464
A Committee Member and Staff Biographical Information 465-470
B Forum Agenda 471-474
C Forum Participants 475-482
D Summary of Responses to Call for Comments 483-488
E Respondents to Call for Comments 489-496
F Summary of Breakout-Group Discussions 497-500
G Detecting Changes in Time and Space 501-504
H Contents and Executive Summary of a Report of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government 505-516
Index 517-530

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TABLE 4 State of Human Health and Welfare VEAs

Human and Health-Related Economic Welfare
	Longevity (i.e., avoidance of premature death)
	Appropriate physiological function of body systems (i.e., avoidance of morbidity for each of the following systems):
		— circulatory — respiratory — nervous — digestive — musculoskeletal — endocrine — immune — reproductive system, etc. Psychological health (i.e., avoidance of unnecessary environmental stress)
Health-Related Economic/Welfare Values
		— Adequate income — Time for family, work, and leisure
	Value of marketed environmental goods: crops, livestock, timber, fish, shellfish, fur-bearing animals, other species valued for use as food, pets, etc.
	Non-animal commercial inputs (chemicals, fertilizer, peat, metals, minerals)
	Fossils fuels
	Livestocks forage
	Water supply for domestic consumption, agriculture, energy production, industrial/commercial uses, waste disposal.
	Land and water use for human settlements, transport (e.g., navigation channels), etc.
Other Use Values
	Recreation and tourism: camping, hiking, boating, swimming, sightseeing, photography, fishing, hunting, meditation, etc.
	Other aesthetic values (e.g., scenic views in residential areas)
	Scientific and research value
Non-Use Values
	Existence value
	Historical, cultural, heritage, and spiritual value
	Bequest value
	Intrinsic value
	Scarcity/uniqueness value
Value of Ecosystem Services (marketed or not, see Tables 1-3)

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