Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R12
Part I: Committee Report 1-2
Summary 3-14
Society's Environmental Goals 15-26
Use Social Science and Risk Assessment to Make Better Societal Choices 27-36
Focus on Monitoring to Build Better Understanding of Our Ecological Systems 37-50
Reduce the Adverse Impacts of Chemicals in the Environment 51-60
Develop Environmental Options for the Energy System 61-72
Use a Systems Engineering and Ecological Approach to Reduce Resource Use 73-80
Improve Understanding of the Relationship Between Population and Consumption as a Means to Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Population Growth 81-86
Set Environmental Goals Via Rates and Directions of Change 87-90
Bibliography 91-94
Part II: Commissioned Papers 95-96
National Environmental Goals: Implementing the Laws, Visions of the Future, and Research 97-134
Measurement of Environmental Quality in the United States 135-178
Attitudes Toward the Environment Twenty-Five Years After Earth Day 179-190
Environmental Goals and Science Policy: A Review of Selected Countries 191-242
Can States Make a Market for Environmental Goals? 243-280
Setting Environmental Goals: The View from Industry. A Review of Practices from the 1960s 281-326
Status of Ecological Knowledge Related to Policy Decision-Making Needs in the Area of 327-344
The Federal Budget and Environmental Priorities 345-398
Part III: Keynote Addresses and Presentations 399-400
D. James Baker, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 401-406
Thomas Grumbly, U.S. Department of Energy 407-412
Barry Gold, U.S. Department of the Interior 413-418
Harlan Watson, House Committee on Science 419-422
David Garman, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 423-430
John Wise and Peter Truitt, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 431-436
Judith Espinosa and Peggy Duxbury, President's Council on 437-448
Gilbert S. Omenn, University of Washington 449-462
Part IV: Appendixes 463-464
A Committee Member and Staff Biographical Information 465-470
B Forum Agenda 471-474
C Forum Participants 475-482
D Summary of Responses to Call for Comments 483-488
E Respondents to Call for Comments 489-496
F Summary of Breakout-Group Discussions 497-500
G Detecting Changes in Time and Space 501-504
H Contents and Executive Summary of a Report of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government 505-516
Index 517-530

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RANKING OF AIR ISSUES^a

ISSUE	RELATIVE RISK^b	NEED FOR FURTHER ACTION^c	CITY'S ABILITY TO FURTHER INFLUENCE^d	OVERALL PRIORITY^e
Transportation Sources	High	High	High	1
Wood Burning	High	High	High	2
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)	High	High	High	3
Other Indoor Air Pollution	Medium-High	High	Medium	4
Noise Pollution	Low	High	High	4
Fugitive Dust	Medium	Medium	High	4
Gas Stations	Medium	Low	High	4
Industrial Point Sources	Medium-High	Medium	Medium-Low	8
Centralia Power Plant	Medium	Medium	Low	8
Yard Burning	Low	Low	High	10
Other nonpoint Sources	Low	Medium-Low	Medium-Low	10
Nonionizing Electromagnetic Radiation	Not Ranked	Not Ranked	Not Ranked	Not Ranked
SOURCE: "Rankings of Air Issues," from Environmental Risks in Seattle, A Comparative Assessment, published by the City of Seattle, Office for Long-range Planning, Seattle, Washington, October 1991. Reprinted with permission. ^a Note that the Air Team chose not to rank nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, due to the high degree of scientific uncertainty surrounding the issue. ^b Relative risks to the issue poses to human health, the environment, and quality of life. ^c Need for action above and beyond existing efforts to reduce risks. ^d City's ability to further influence the problem, given jurisdictional constraints and overall practicality. ^e Overall priority for action, combining relative risk, need for further action, and City's ability to influence.

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