Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R12
Part I: Committee Report 1-2
Summary 3-14
Society's Environmental Goals 15-26
Use Social Science and Risk Assessment to Make Better Societal Choices 27-36
Focus on Monitoring to Build Better Understanding of Our Ecological Systems 37-50
Reduce the Adverse Impacts of Chemicals in the Environment 51-60
Develop Environmental Options for the Energy System 61-72
Use a Systems Engineering and Ecological Approach to Reduce Resource Use 73-80
Improve Understanding of the Relationship Between Population and Consumption as a Means to Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Population Growth 81-86
Set Environmental Goals Via Rates and Directions of Change 87-90
Bibliography 91-94
Part II: Commissioned Papers 95-96
National Environmental Goals: Implementing the Laws, Visions of the Future, and Research 97-134
Measurement of Environmental Quality in the United States 135-178
Attitudes Toward the Environment Twenty-Five Years After Earth Day 179-190
Environmental Goals and Science Policy: A Review of Selected Countries 191-242
Can States Make a Market for Environmental Goals? 243-280
Setting Environmental Goals: The View from Industry. A Review of Practices from the 1960s 281-326
Status of Ecological Knowledge Related to Policy Decision-Making Needs in the Area of 327-344
The Federal Budget and Environmental Priorities 345-398
Part III: Keynote Addresses and Presentations 399-400
D. James Baker, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 401-406
Thomas Grumbly, U.S. Department of Energy 407-412
Barry Gold, U.S. Department of the Interior 413-418
Harlan Watson, House Committee on Science 419-422
David Garman, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 423-430
John Wise and Peter Truitt, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 431-436
Judith Espinosa and Peggy Duxbury, President's Council on 437-448
Gilbert S. Omenn, University of Washington 449-462
Part IV: Appendixes 463-464
A Committee Member and Staff Biographical Information 465-470
B Forum Agenda 471-474
C Forum Participants 475-482
D Summary of Responses to Call for Comments 483-488
E Respondents to Call for Comments 489-496
F Summary of Breakout-Group Discussions 497-500
G Detecting Changes in Time and Space 501-504
H Contents and Executive Summary of a Report of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government 505-516
Index 517-530

2. Setting S&T Goals	27
Voyages of Discovery,	27
The Process of Setting S&T Goals,	29
The Players in the Process,	32
3. The Need for Long-Term Goals: Selected Illustrations	38
Environment and Natural Resources,	38
Health and Social Welfare,	42
Economic Performance,	43
The S&T Base,	45
The Role of a National Forum,	47
4. Recommendations	48
National Forum on Science and Technology Goals,	49
Role of Congress,	54
Role of the Congressional Support Agencies,	55
Role of OSTP and OMB,	56
Role of the Federal Departments and Agencies,	56
5. Goal-Setting, S&T, and Society: A Look at the Future	58
Making Better Choices,	58
Persistent Challenges,	59
A Shared Burden,	61
Notes and References	63
Members of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology and Government	67
Members of the Advisory Council, Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government	69
Members of the Task Force on Establishing and Achieving Long-Term S&T Goals	71

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R12

Part I: Committee Report 1-2

Summary 3-14

Society's Environmental Goals 15-26

Use Social Science and Risk Assessment to Make Better Societal Choices 27-36

Focus on Monitoring to Build Better Understanding of Our Ecological Systems 37-50

Reduce the Adverse Impacts of Chemicals in the Environment 51-60

Develop Environmental Options for the Energy System 61-72

Use a Systems Engineering and Ecological Approach to Reduce Resource Use 73-80

Improve Understanding of the Relationship Between Population and Consumption as a Means to Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Population Growth 81-86

Set Environmental Goals Via Rates and Directions of Change 87-90

Bibliography 91-94

Part II: Commissioned Papers 95-96

National Environmental Goals: Implementing the Laws, Visions of the Future, and Research 97-134

Measurement of Environmental Quality in the United States 135-178

Attitudes Toward the Environment Twenty-Five Years After Earth Day 179-190

Environmental Goals and Science Policy: A Review of Selected Countries 191-242

Can States Make a Market for Environmental Goals? 243-280

Setting Environmental Goals: The View from Industry. A Review of Practices from the 1960s 281-326

Status of Ecological Knowledge Related to Policy Decision-Making Needs in the Area of 327-344

The Federal Budget and Environmental Priorities 345-398

Part III: Keynote Addresses and Presentations 399-400

D. James Baker, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 401-406

Thomas Grumbly, U.S. Department of Energy 407-412

Barry Gold, U.S. Department of the Interior 413-418

Harlan Watson, House Committee on Science 419-422

David Garman, Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 423-430

John Wise and Peter Truitt, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 431-436

Judith Espinosa and Peggy Duxbury, President's Council on 437-448

Gilbert S. Omenn, University of Washington 449-462

Part IV: Appendixes 463-464

A Committee Member and Staff Biographical Information 465-470

B Forum Agenda 471-474

C Forum Participants 475-482

D Summary of Responses to Call for Comments 483-488

E Respondents to Call for Comments 489-496

F Summary of Breakout-Group Discussions 497-500

G Detecting Changes in Time and Space 501-504

H Contents and Executive Summary of a Report of the Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government 505-516

Index 517-530