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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
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INDEX

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

A

ABS, 53

Access to information

cross-border issues, 207-209

environmental quality data, 145

EPA policy, 125

policy goals, 116

for public participation in policy-making, 207, 340

recommendations for, 7

tools for, 340

Acid rain, 62-63

Adaptive management, 337-338, 341

Agriculture

PCSD goals, 129, 440

in prairie ecosystem, 276

Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 145-146, 359-360

Air quality

CENR research goals, 108, 130

climate change risk reduction, 103

current scientific understanding, 333

demonstration graphics, 161

energy system pollution, 62

EPA goals, 102-103, 119

incentive-based management, 30

monitoring, 47

pollution prevention, 150-151

Animal testing, 8, 56, 58

Antartica, 39-40

Army Corps of Engineers, 364

Automobiles

alternatives to combustion engines, 10, 70

emission standards, 20-21, 293

environmental management in manufacture of, 308

negative effects, 10, 70

B

Biodiversity

CENR research goals, 130

current scientific understanding, 333-334

international agreements, 152

keystone species, 334-335

policy goals, 329-330

research needs, 338, 339, 341, 343

C

Canada, 199, 210-212, 217-219

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

CENR. See Committee on Environment and Natural Resources

CFCs, 54, 296, 298, 306-307

Chemical contaminants

among causes of death, 460

byproducts, 55-56, 57

CENR research goals, 109-110

corporate management interventions, 318-319

current scientific understanding, 332-333

degradation behavior, 57

environmental concerns, 51-52

EPA safety goals, 122

groundwater contamination, 53

historical problems, 52-54

industrial ecology system for controlling, 77

industry self-regulation, 302-303

inter-agency goal consistency, 110

limitations of current knowledge, 7-8

measurement goals, 57-58

pesticides, 53

predictive modeling, 56-57, 58, 59

recommendations for research, 8, 58-59

regulatory system, 55

research needs, 56-58, 341

risk assessment, 454-455, 456

scale effects, 52

structure-activity relationship prediction, 55, 56

synergistic interactions in environment, 57

Chlorinated solvents, 54

Chlorinated water, 54

Clean Air Act, 292, 294

goals, 99, 102, 293

Clean Water Act, 292, 293, 294

Coal production and use

future prospects, 66

recommendations for research, 9-10, 70

Coalition for Environmentally

Responsible Economies, 296, 310-311

Command-and-control regulation, 29

Commerce, U.S. Department of, 146

Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR), 18-19, 100

evaluation of goals, 112-115

goals for research, 107-110, 130-134

inter-agency goal comparison, 110, 116-118

Comparative risk assessment

community-level program, 253-254

environmental policy projects, 246-247, 258

project design, 246

recommendations for research, 6, 35

research needs, 31, 32

Congress, 419-422, 439

recommendations for, 7, 48

Continuous improvement, 88, 300

Corporate environmental management

conceptual approaches, 283-284

as eco-efficiency, 310

goal-setting, 288-296

goal-setting by individual firms, 297-302

goals for, 410-411

industry collaborations, 296, 302-308

industry-government collaborations, 296, 308-309

managing for environment, 288, 291, 309-311

measuring performance, 318-320

questions regarding, 320-322

stages of, 285-288

voluntary self-regulation, 295-296

Cost-benefit analysis

for incentive-based regulation, 5

pollution control technology, 27-28

public opinion, 183

recommendations for research, 5, 34-35

research needs, 31, 32

uncertainty of economic projections, 456-457

valuation of ecological services for, 339-340

Council on Environmental Quality, 136,145

Critical loads, 214

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

D

DDT, 52

Defense, U.S. Department of, 353, 355, 358, 368

Demonstration graphics, 161-178

Design for environment, 76-77, 301, 311, 313-314

Developing countries

energy systems, 63, 70-71

environmental protection through political/economic systems, 424, 428-429

global implications of population growth in, 82-83

sustainable development in, 83-84

Dioxin, 54, 103

Drinking water

EPA budget, 350

EPA goals, 121

E

Earth Summit, 151

Ecological footprint, 84

Ecological knowledge

for assessing environmental change, 332, 337, 341-342

of climate change, 335-336, 341-342

of ecosystem thresholds, 335

evolution of, 328, 332

of genetic engineering effects, 336-337

of habitat loss/fragmentation, 333-334

limits of, 328

patterns of species diversity, 338

policy-making applications, 328-329

for predicting human impacts, 328-329, 341

public education for, 412, 447

for resource management, 331-332, 337-338, 340-341

for setting environmental management goals, 329-332, 338-340, 342, 343

of species addition/removal, 334-335

of toxic substance effects in environment, 332-333

for valuing ecological services, 330-331, 339-340

Economic analysis

calculating environmental externalities, 212

cost of natural resources, 425

economic growth and demand for environmental protection, 220-201

ecosystem approach to resource management, 147-148, 331-332

of energy system, 61-62, 64-65

environmental standards selection, 206

environmentally-sensitive purchasing, 75

equity issues in environmental justice, 439

growth vs. prosperity, 440-441, 445

industrial ecology perspective, 74

market-oriented environmental policy, 254-259, 410-411, 441

motivation to reduce pollution, 287

PCSD goals, 104-105

population growth, 81, 82

sustainable development, 83-84

uncertainty in economic projections, 456-457

valuation of ecological services, 74-75, 330-331, 339-340

See also Financial issues

Educational interventions, 412, 447

Electricity production and use, 9, 69

Endangered Species Act, 148, 186-187, 329, 330

Energy, U.S. Department of, 146, 355, 359, 370, 408-409, 460-461

Energy system

alternative resources for, 66

assessment per capita, 251

coal-based, 9-10, 66, 70

current research activities, 65, 426-427

demonstration graphics, 172-178

economic context, 61-62, 64-65

efficiency, 62, 65, 67-68

electricity, 9, 69

environmental effects, 61, 62-64

federal oversight, 146

fossil fuel-based, 10, 65-66

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

global impact, 63

hydrogen as carrier for, 68, 70

life-cycle analysis, 314

nuclear power-based, 10, 66-67, 70

PCSD goals, 129, 441

pollution prevention interventions, 151

potential threats to, 9, 69

recommendations for policy, 10-11, 70-71

recommendations for research, 9-10, 69-70

renewable, 9, 64-65, 69

research goals, 68-69

research needs, 65-66, 67

social value, 61

wood-based, 63

Environment defined, 15

Environmental movement

conceptual basis, 423-424

consensus, 420-421

flawed assumptions about limits, 423-424, 425

origins of, 291-292

public identification with, 181

successes of, 427

Environmental Protection Agency

accomplishments, 432

air quality goals, 102-103, 119

budget, 348-350, 355, 361-362, 368, 370, 394-396

chemical product regulation, 55

climate change risk reduction, 103

comparative risk projects, 246

evaluation of goals, 112-115

goals and milestones, 17-19, 99, 101-103, 119-125,150, 433-436

inter-agency goal comparison, 110, 116-118

mission, 147, 292, 348, 432

origins and development, 136, 292, 348, 431

performance standards, 262

waste management policy, 103, 123

EPA. See Environmental Protection Agency

Epidemiology, 457-458

Equilibrium state, 328, 332

European Community

environmental policy, 228-230, 231, 233

environmental standards, 204-207

public participation in policy-making, 207-209

research community, 230

science policy, 230-231

F

Federal Insecticide. Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 55, 57

Financial issues

advantages of incentive-based regulation, 30-31

CENR research goals, 107

continuity of state environmental technology programs, 261-262

costs of environmental protection, 27-28

environmental component of federal budget, 365-368

federal budget analysis, 347-348, 370-372

federal budget process, 347

federal environmental budget, 350-355

See also specific federal agencies

funding status of environmental efforts, 24

funding support for regulatory requirements, 32

implementation of incentive-based protection, 32

international comparison of environmental protection costs, 210-213

nuclear fusion energy systems research, 67

public opinion on environmental spending, 184-185

selection of environmental indicators, 141-145

See also Economic analysis

Fisheries management, 402, 405-406

Food and Drug Administration, 55

Food safety/supply, 440, 450-452

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

EPA goals, 121

international trade, 196-197

France, 206, 220-222

G

Genetic Engineering, 336-337

Germany, 196, 198, 200, 206, 213-214, 222-225

Global climate change, 24, 63

CENR research goals, 108-109, 132

current understanding, 335-336

disease risk and, 336

EPA goals, 103

inter-agency goal consistency, 110

international efforts, 151

monitoring, 405

research needs, 341-342, 440

Goals/goal-setting

assessment of trade-offs in, 111, 113, 116

based on rates of change, 13-14, 87-89

based on valuation of ecological services, 330-331, 339-340

CENR, 107-110, 130-134

community-level programs, 253-254

consensus, 22, 408, 420-421

contexts for setting, 244-245

corporate performance evaluation, 318-320

criteria for evaluation of, 111-112

designers of, 111-112, 114

for ecological monitoring, 37

economic growth vs. economic prosperity, 440-441, 445

end point, 13-14, 88, 89

environmental standards, 20

EPA, 99, 101-103, 119-125, 150, 433-436

evolution in corporate sector, 283-284

as expressed in federal budget, 347, 348, 370-372

geographic variation, 198-199

government-industry coalitions for setting, 308-309

inadequate descriptions, 99

of industrial ecology, 73

of industry, 20-21, 297-302, 320-322

of industry groups, 302-308

inter-agency comparison, 112-115, 116-118

inter-agency consistency, 99-100, 110,114-115, 457

knowledge base for decision-making, 38, 328, 329-332, 338-340

laws vs., 408

market considerations, 262-264, 410-411, 441

measures of success, 111, 112-113

moral context, 411

for national economic sustainability, 316-318

nature of, 288-290

NOAA, 403-405

objectives, 289

participants for setting, 263-264

performance standards, 262, 404

policy mechanisms for achieving, 111, 113

policy-making environment, 17-19, 117-118

pollution prevention, 150-151

President's Council on Sustainable Development, 104-107, 126-129, 437-447

priorities, 253

process, 290, 301-302

progress assessment, 111, 113

public perception of environmental risk, 21-22, 118

recommendations for, 14, 89

resource management, 331-332

role of technology for achieving, 424, 426-427

science policy, 194

scope of, 111, 112, 117

societal, 15-16, 22-25

stages of corporate environmental management, 290-296

state of the art, 117

state policies, 248-254

targets, 289-290

time frame, 111, 112, 117

unaddressed topics, 115-116, 117

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

updating, 259-260

Green business, 255-256, 288

Groundwater contamination, 53, 103

H

Hazardous waste

CENR goals, 134

CENR research goals, 109-110

EPA goals, 124

Vermont experience, 272-274

Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of, 146

Health risks

of chemical contaminants, 460

disease outbreaks related to climate change, 336

lifestyle issues, 459-460

noncancer, 5, 32, 35

risk assessment methodology, 458-459

Heavy metals, 57

Hydrogen energy, 10

I

Incentive-based regulation

advantages, 4-5, 28-29, 34

applications, 32-33

effectiveness, 29-31

examples, 29

in industrial ecology approach, 79

recommendations for research, 5-6, 34-35

research needs, 32-34

tools for implementation, 5, 32, 34

Indicators of environmental quality, 44-45, 46, 105

conceptual framework, 137-139

cost considerations, 141-145

critical loads approach, 214

current practice, 137

definition, 139-140

demonstration graphics, 161-178

economic implications of standards selection, 206

evaluation of, 111-112

for international comparison, 213-215

marine fisheries, 405

public understanding, 154-156

research needs, 342

risk assessment for, 451

selecting data sets for, 156

selection criteria and procedure, 154-160, 444-445

state of the environment measures, 141

in state policy-making and regulation, 247-248

suspended sediment concentration as, 140

sustainable development approach, 149-150

validity, 154

Industrial ecology

analytical approach, 11, 73-74, 78

definition, 311-312

goals, 73, 76, 312

leverage for implementation, 75

material separation technologies, 77

obstacles to, 77-78

principles of, 312-313

products as services perspective, 74-75

recommendations for implementation, 12, 79

research needs, 11

selection of manufacturing process, 77

Infant mortality, 105

Information management

development of ecological science, 328

for federal budget analysis, 347, 371

for international comparison of environmental protection costs, 212-213

national data collection program, 415-416

science and policy-making, 193-194

See also Access to information;

Ecological knowledge;

Research

Inter-agency Committee on Environmental Trends, 137

Interior, U.S. Department of, 146, 355, 359, 413

National Biological Service, 414-417

International comparison civil service tradition, 210

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

cost of environmental protection 210-213

environmental goals, 198-199

environmental pressures, 201-202

environmental quality, 213-215

environmental regulation, 194-197, 202-203

integrated environmental policy-making, 198

interdisciplinary research, 236

legislation, 203-204

regulatory procedure, 207-210

research activities, 237-238

significance for policy-making, 203, 215, 216-217

standards, 204-207

International Organization for Standardization, 304-305, 318-319

International relations chemical product test standards, 59

climate change research and policy, 63

coordination of environmental regulations, 27

coordination of environmental standards, 20, 204-207

coordination of research, 236

for environmental cooperation, 151-152

importance of, 203

for industry self-regulation, 296

population growth management, 82-83, 86

public participation in decision-making, 207-209

trade practice, 27, 152, 196-197

U.S. leadership role, 446-447

Internet, 7

ISO standards, 304-305, 318-319

J

Japan, 198, 233-235

Justice, U.S. Department of, 146

K

Keystone species, 334-335

L

Labor, U.S. Department of, 146

Land use planning, 197

Lead toxicity, 53

Life-cycle analysis, 76-77, 312, 314-316

Local conditions

regulatory consideration, 198-199, 201

research needs, 341, 342-343

resource management goals, 338

M

Marketable discharge permits, 29

Mercury, 54, 103

Miniecosystems, 57, 59

Minnesota Milestones program, 248-253

Monitoring of ecological systems

access to data, 7, 145

air quality, 47, 102

biological systems data, 40

chemical product effects, 57-58, 59

climate change, 405

Council on Environmental Quality responsibilities, 136-137, 145

current practice, 43, 46

data needs, 45-46

data sources, 140-141

for early warning, 45-46

environmental standards, 20

federal agencies for, 145-147

goals, 37, 46-47

historical practice, 37-40

importance of, 338

inadequacies in, 6-7, 41-42, 47-48, 115, 145

interdisciplinary collaboration, 215-216

NOAA activities, 402-406

organizational structure for, 7, 43-44, 48

physical systems data, 40

pressure-state-response model, 45, 138-139

for program assessment, 115

quality control, 42-43

for rates and directions of change, 13-14, 87-89

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

recommendations for, 7, 48

selection of indicators, 44-45, 46, 105

technological advancement for, 401-402

See also Indicators of environmental quality

Moral issues, 411

N

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 355, 359, 368, 370-371

National Biological Service, 414-417

National Environmental Protection Act, 136, 197

National Forest Management Act, 148

National Institutes of Health, 357, 364-365, 368

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 146, 355, 363, 401-406

National Science Foundation, 355, 359

Natural disasters, 133

Negotiated conflict resolution, 32

Netherlands, 196, 198, 214-215, 316-318

North American Free Trade Agreement, 152

Nuclear fission, 63-64

current status as energy source, 66-67

recommendations for research, 10, 70

Nuclear fusion

current status as energy source, 67

recommendations for research, 10, 70

research costs, 67

O

Occupational Safety and Health Act, 55

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 212

Ozone layer, 238

P

PCBs, 53, 299

PCSD. See President's Council on Sustainable Development

Pesticides, 53

Petroleum energy

industry self-regulation, 303-304

transportation consumption, 10, 70

Pharmaceuticals, 55

Population growth

economic activity and, 81, 82

as environmental threat, 12, 81-83, 85, 449

management strategies, 82

monitoring, 403

PCSD goals, 128, 441, 446

policy goals, 84-85

policy issues, 13

policy-making environment, 12-13, 85

recommendations for policy, 13, 85-86

recommendations for research, 13, 86

risk assessment, 455

sustainable development and, 84

trends, 81, 403

Prairie ecosystem, 276-279

Predictive modeling

chemical products, 56-57, 58, 59

climate change effects, 335

habitat fragmentation effects, 333-334

need for, 417

species addition/removal, 334-335

status of ecological science, 328-329

toxic exposure methodology, 455

Presidential-Congressional Commission on Risk Assessment and Risk Management, 453-457

President's Council on Sustainable Development, 18-19, 100, 149, 150

evaluation of goals, 112-115

goals, 104-107, 126-129, 443-445

inter-agency goal comparison, 110, 116-118

origins and development, 437-443

Pressure-state-response model, 45, 138-139

state measures, 141

Preventive interventions

corporate environmental goals, 283

in corporations, 286-288, 291, 294-302

industry collaborations for, 302-308

market incentives, 262, 287

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

pollution prevention, 150-151, 449-450

systems approach for, 415

Product design and development

chemical products, 52-55, 58, 59

energy systems, 65, 68-69

environmental management in, 287

industrial ecology approach, 11, 73-74, 311-313

life-cycle analysis, 301, 312, 314-316

nuclear fusion energy systems, 67

products as services perspective, 74-75

recommendations for, 12

Public perception/understanding

as component of state environmental strategies, 245, 259

confidence in environmentally-safe economic development, 180-181

of current environmental status, 182, 188

development of environmental consciousness, 291-292, 407, 408

of ecological science, tools for, 340

electoral significance of environmental issues, 187-188

of environmental protection strategies, 185-187

of government role in environmental protection, 182-183, 186-187, 412

identification with environmental movement, 181

of indicators of environmental quality, 154-156

of industry self-regulation, 302-305

participation in regulatory process, 207-209, 446, 450

of risk assessment, 460-461

salience of environmental issues, 181-182

of spending for environmental protection, 184-185

success of environmental strategies and, 263, 411-412

of trade-offs in environmental protection, 183-184

trends, 188-189

Q

Quantitative risk assessment

for incentive-based regulation, 5

for noncancer health outcomes, 5, 35

recommendations for research, 5, 35

research needs, 31, 32

R

Radioactive waste, 64

Recycling, 185

economic opportunity, 259-260

industry efforts, 305, 308-309

Regulatory system

accomplishments, 432

analytical tools for, 31

of Canada, 217-218

for chemical products, 55

civil service tradition, 210

command-and-control approach, 29

consideration of local conditions, 198-199, 201

continuity, 260-261

corporate environmental management as response to, 285-286, 290-291, 293-294

corporate perspective, 294-295

costs, 4, 27-28

of European Community, 228-230, 233

evolution of, 136, 196-197, 202-203, 292-293, 407-408, 421

executive branch organization, 145-147

of France, 220

funding support for, 32

of Germany, 222-223, 224-225

goals of, 17-19, 408

government-industry coalitions for goal-setting, 308-309

industry efforts to influence, 306, 307-308

industry goals and, 20-21

integrated environmental policy-making, 197-198

international comparison, 194-196, 202-210, 215-216.

See also specific country

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

of Japan, 233-234

legislative component, 99, 203-204

market functioning, 262-264

model of corporate compliance, 283-284

obstacles to international coordination, 27

participants in decision-making, 32

permitting systems, 209-210

pollution prevention interventions, 150-151

public participation, 207-209

public perception, 182-183, 186-187

reform, 115-116, 432-433

risk management applications, 451-453

role of, 424

science and policy-making, 193-194

technological development and, 34

of United Kingdom, 225-226, 227-228

use of standards, 204-207

See also Incentive-based regulation

Renewable energy

economic considerations, 65

recommendations for research, 9

Research

biodiversity, 339

in Canada, 218-219

CENR goals, 107-110

chemical contamination, 8, 56-59

climate change, 63, 110

comparative risk assessment, 6, 31, 32, 35

cost-benefit analysis, 5, 31, 32, 34-35

development of ecological science, 328, 414

energy system, 9-10, 65-70

environmental component of federal budget, 365-368

EPA budget, 349, 355, 394-396

federal environmental budget, 355-365, 371-372

in France, 220-222

in Germany, 223-224

incentive-based regulation, 5-6, 32-35

industrial ecology, 11

integrated, 415-417

interdisciplinary social science, 115

international comparison, 237-238.

See also specific country

international cooperation, 236

in Japan, 234-235

limits of, 328

long-term needs, 332, 338, 341, 343

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 359

population growth, 13, 86

public health science, 457-461

quantitative risk assessment, 5, 31, 32, 35

science and policy-making, 442-443

scope of environmental science R&D, 357

state support for environmentally-oriented business, 254-259

technology trends, 401-402

transportation system, 10, 70

in United Kingdom, 226-227

See also Ecological knowledge;

Information management

Resource management

adaptive management, 337-338, 341

in developing world, 428-429

ecosystem approach, 147-149, 331, 339

effects of habitat loss, 333-334

federal agency activities, 146

flawed assumptions about limits, 423-424, 425

government-owned resources, 351

importance of, 414

knowledge base for policy-making, 331-332, 337-338, 340-341

land use planning, 197

marine fisheries, 402, 405-406

modeling human impacts, 328-329

proactive, 415

risk assessment for, 451

site-specific information, 338, 341, 342-343

sustainable development approach, 149-150

systems approach, 416-417

Risk assessment, 439

application, 409-410, 450

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

bright line approach, 456

of Department of Energy sites, 460-461

ecological, 33

exposure modeling methodology, 455

health assessment and, 458-459

misunderstandings about, 453

objectives of, 450-453

Presidential-Congressional commission on, 453-457

public perception of current environmental status, 182, 188

regional variation, 201-202

toxin exposure limits, 454-455

variability and uncertainty in, 455-456

See also Comparative risk assessment;

Quantitative risk assessment

S

Seattle, Washington, 253-254

Social values

causes of death, policy-making and, 458-460

costs of environmental protection, 27-28

energy system, 61

environmental decision-making, 201

equity issues, 439, 444

federal budget as expression of, 348

goal-setting and, 245

goals for sustainable communities, 106

participants in policy-making, 32

public perception of environmental risk, 21-22

in risk assessment methodology, 442

scope of, 423

valuation of ecosystem services, 32, 330-331, 339-340

Solar energy, 68, 69

State, U.S. Department of, 146-147

State-level policy-making and regulation

agency goals, 116

community-level programs, 253-254

comparative risk projects, 246-247, 258

continuity, 260-262

environmental technology programs, 254-259

goal flexibility, 259-260

goal-setting, 244-245, 248-254, 263-264

industry-government collaborations, 296, 308-309

inter-agency coordination, 252-253

performance standards, 262

state-of-the-environment reports, 247-248

strategic approaches, 245

trends, 19, 244, 245

use of environmental indicators for, 247-248

Structure-activity relationship, 55, 56

Superfund, 349

Sustainable development

agricultural component, 440

definition, 149, 449

environmental indicators, 149-150

generational equity issues, 444

industrial practice for, 309-311

national goal-setting, 316-318

policy goals, 83, 149

rationale, 83-84

Systems engineering, 11-12, 73

T

Total quality management, 88, 288

Toxic Substances Control Act, 55

Trade-offs

assessment of, 111, 113, 116

public opinion, 183-184

Transportation, U.S. Department of, 147

Transportation system

energy use, 62, 70

federal oversight, 147

PCSD goals, 129

recommendations for research, 10, 70

Trihalomethanes, 54

U

United Kingdom, 196, 197, 199, 200, 225-228

Urban areas, 84

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 1996. Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5409.
×

V

Volatile organic compounds, 102

Voting patterns, 187-188

W

Waste management

CENR goals, 134

CENR research goals, 109-110

EPA goals, 103, 123

industrial ecology approach, 73-74, 78

in manufacturing companies, 298-301, 318-319

radioactive waste, 64

Vermont policy and performance, 271-274

Water quality

CENR goals, 134

current scientific understanding, 333

demonstration graphics, 166-171

designated use assessments, 268-269

EPA budget, 349, 350

EPA goals, 120

proactive interventions, 150-151

regulatory history, 196

suspended sediment concentration in streams, 140

Weapons manufacture, 24

Weather monitoring, 402-403, 404-405

White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, 7, 48

Workplace

chemical product regulation, 55

EPA goals, 121

federal oversight, 146

Z

Zero-emissions, 300

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Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals Get This Book
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Where should the United States focus its long-term efforts to improve the nation's environment? What are the nation's most important environmental issues? What role should science and technology play in addressing these issues? Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals provides the current thinking and answers to these questions.

Based on input from a range of experts and interested individuals, including representatives of industry, government, academia, environmental organizations, and Native American communities, this book urges policymakers to:

  • Use social science and risk assessment to guide decision-making.
  • Monitor environmental changes in a more thorough, consistent, and coordinated manner.
  • Reduce the adverse impact of chemicals on the environment.
  • Move away from the use of fossil fuels.
  • Adopt an environmental approach to engineering that reduces the use of natural resources.
  • Substantially increase our understanding of the relationship between population and consumption.

This book will be of special interest to policymakers in government and industry; environmental scientists, engineers, and advocates; and faculty, students, and researchers.

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