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Index
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A
Ab initio training, 6, 89, 90-92
comparison with other training pathways, 92-98
prospects, 98
Accreditation systems, 7, 110
for curriculum standardization, 111
rationale, 111
recommendations for, 7, 111-112
Affirmative action, 118-119
Agricultural pilots, 40
Air taxis, 25-26
pilot compensation, 40
Air traffic controller's strike, 108
Airframe and powerplant technician, 43, 81
Airline Deregulation Act, 13, 23
Airline transport pilot, 41-42
Airports
intermodal transportation system, 27-28
numbers of, 27
projections for growth, 100-101
Airway science program
appropriations, 108
current status, 109-110
curriculum development, 110
in expanding workforce diversity, 109
failure of, 108
growth of, 108
origins of, 107
rationale, 107
specializations, 107-108
in standardization of training curricula, 108-109
Aviation industry
ab initio training programs, 6, 89, 90-92
aircraft size, 100-101
benefits of airway science program for, 108-109
classification system, 24-27
collaboration for training, 103-104, 106, 110-111, 112
in collegiate accreditation system, 7, 111-112
commercial market, 25
economic significance, 28-30
gender-neutral terminology, 125
general aviation market, 27
hiring criteria, 10, 141-142
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hiring patterns, 33-35
historical development, 18-24
in intermodal transportation system, 27-28
local service airlines, 21, 22
market characteristics, 13, 18, 22-23, 99
mergers, 20, 22
minority participation, 116-117
national interest, 1, 13
participation in training, 102-103, 105, 106-107, 110-113
partnerships for increasing workforce diversity, 122-125
projected workforce needs, 99-100, 105
recent history, 13-14
relations between carriers, 26-27
responsiveness to economic conditions, 3, 30
supplemental carriers, 21
trunk carriers, 20-21, 22
wage and salary trends, 36-40
willingness to increase workforce diversity, 147-151
women in, 116, 117
worker supply and demand, 50-52, 105
workforce characteristics, 2-4, 15, 16, 18, 28, 29, 30-33
Aviation maintenance technician (transport), 44, 83
Aviation maintenance technicians, 3, 43-44, 102, 125
collegiate training, 83-84
See also Technicians
Aviation repair specialist, 44
B
Black-McKellar Act, 19-20
C
Certificated carriers
definition and characteristics, 25
employment, 31-33
historical development, 20-22
Certification and licensing, 15
airline qualifications and, 7-8, 112-113
flight instructors/schools, 79
flight time requirements, 112-113
government role, 52
for minorities and women, 115-116
on-the-job training and, 78
pilots, 40-42, 79-80
recommendations for, 7-8, 112-113
technicians, 42-44, 81, 83-84
Civil Aeronautics Board, 20-22, 23
Collegiate aviation training, 6
accreditation, 7, 111-112
alternative programs, 89-90
career outcomes, 88-89
comparison with other training pathways, 92-98
costs, 139-140
current characteristics, 81, 82-83, 84
enrollment/graduation data, 84-88
FAA certification and, 7-8, 112-113
flight time, 88, 89
historical development, 81-82, 105-106
industry collaboration, 103-104, 106-107, 110-112
loans and subsidies, 139-141
outreach to underrepresented groups, 122
pilot quality, 96
program offerings, 82, 84
prospects, 98, 103
recommendations for, 7, 9, 111, 112
specialized pilot programs, 90
standardization, 7, 106, 110-111
for technicians, 83-84
women in, 87-88
Commuter air carriers, 25-26
Compensation for aviation workers, 3
deregulation effects, 36, 39
formula for pilots, 20
historical patterns, 22, 23
industry comparison, 37-39
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in regulated market, 22, 36
seniority and, 36, 39-40
trends, 36-40
Contract Mail Act of 1925, 19
Copilots, 36, 40, 80
Corporate aircraft, 40
Cost of training, 10, 104
ab initio programs, 91, 94
airway science program appropriations, 108
as barrier to increasing diversity, 139-142
college loans and subsidies, 139-141
comparison of training pathways, 92, 94
paid by trainee, 89, 91, 94-95, 141
recommendations for financial assistance, 10, 141-142
Council on Aviation Accreditation, 110, 111
Crew resource management, 96, 106
D
Deregulation, 13, 17, 20
labor costs and, 36, 39
origins of, 23
outcomes, 23-24
Discriminatory employment practices, 11
current status, 4, 44
glass ceiling, 148-151
historical patterns, 44, 115-117
legal prohibition, 117-118
Diversity of workforce
academic competencies of underrepresented groups, 10, 128-129, 131 , 136-139
affirmative action oversight, 118-119
aviation industry commitment to, 147-148, 151
barriers to, 10-11, 139
comparison of training pathways as contributing to, 92, 95, 96
cost of training as obstacle to, 139-142
current concerns, 1, 2, 3-4, 14, 17, 114-115
current profile, 15-16, 44-50
data sources, 44-46, 52
developing interest of underrepresented groups in aviation, 8-9, 119, 120-128
effects of airway science program, 109
historical patterns, 8, 14, 44, 114, 115-119
implications of military downsizing, 4, 61-62, 69-75
industry comparisons, 45
legal issues, 117-118
in military aviation, 4, 53-54
partnerships for promoting, 122-125
pilot selection criteria and, 142-147
prospects, 113
public image of aviation industry and, 125-128
rationale for increasing, 2, 8, 114
recommendations for increasing, 8-11, 121, 122, 124-125, 128, 138-139, 141, 142, 147, 151
strategies for increasing, 119
student-paid training as obstacle to, 95, 96
in upper management, 148-151
E
Education and training for aviation careers
ab initio, 6, 89, 90-92
accreditation systems, 7, 110, 111
adaptability to industry needs, 97, 98-105
barriers to minority participation, 10-11, 139
basic academic competencies, 10, 128-131
career continuum, 51
career opportunities information, 123-125
certification for mechanics, 42-44
collegiate-industry collaboration, 7, 103-104, 106, 112
comparison of pathways, 92-98
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as contributing to workforce diversity, 92, 95, 96
cost of, 10, 89, 92, 94-95
current concerns, 1-2, 14
current enrollment, 15
employment market and, 80-81
financial assistance, 10, 141-142
foreign hires, 5, 6, 78
framework for assessing effectiveness of, 92
freestanding schools for, 79, 80, 81
future prospects, 5, 6-7, 97-98
government participation, 107
industry participation, 102-103, 105, 106-107, 110-113
for minorities and women, historical development of, 115-116
minority preparation in elementary/secondary school, 131-134
on-the-job, 5, 78-81
outcome prediction, 144-146
outreach to underrepresented groups, 8-9, 119, 120-122
pathways, 5-6, 17, 77-78
pilot licensing requirements, 40-42, 79-80
pilot quality, 95
pilot selection criteria, 10-11, 42, 51, 79, 142-147
projected workforce needs, 99-102
public perception problems, 126-128
range of employment opportunities, 125-126
reliance on military-prepared candidates, 76-77
technological adaptability, 97, 106
time to workforce, 92, 95
transitional training, 80
See also Airway science program;
Collegiate aviation training;
Elementary/secondary school education;
Military training
Elementary/secondary school education, 127-128
gender differences in math and science preparation, 135-136
interventions with underrepresented groups, 136-139
minority exposure to math and science, 131-134
teacher attitudes toward minority achievement, 134-135
F
Fares
deregulation effects, 23-24
regulation of, 22
Federal Aviation Administration, 24
basic educational/informational activities, 123-125
certification, 3, 5, 15, 25, 51, 78, 112-113
certification for mechanics, 7-8, 40-44
commercial aviation classifications, 24, 25-27
in development of accreditation system, 112
employment, 30
flight school/instructor certification, 79
partnerships for increasing workforce diversity, 122-123
recommendations for, 7-8, 112-113
See also Airway science program
Feeder carriers, 26-27
Financial assistance, 10, 141-142
First officers. See Copilot
Fixed-base operators, 27
Flight instructors, 79
Foreign airlines, 6
Foreign-trained personnel, 5, 6, 78
comparison with other training pathways, 92-98
projections, 98
G
General aviation, 27
Glass ceiling, 148-151
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H
Helicopter pilots, 57, 59, 63
K
Kelly Act. See Contract Mail Act of 1925
L
Labor unions, 15
Local service airlines, 21, 22
M
Mail service, 19-20
Management workforce
data sources, 15
diversity, 44, 47-50, 148-151
Manufacturing industry, 30
Mechanics, 30-31, 33, 43
foreign hires, 78
hiring patterns, 35
terminology, 125
wage trends, 36-37
workforce diversity, 44, 45-47
See also Technicians
Mergers, 20, 22, 24
Military downsizing
capacity of civilian system to make up for, 98-99, 102, 103
distribution of aviation-related positions, 57-59
diversity of enlistment and, 69
implications for worker supply, 2, 4, 14, 17, 53-54, 76
implications for workforce diversity, 2, 4, 14, 17, 61-62, 69-75
trends, 59-60
Military training
advantages, 6
airline hiring patterns, 54-57
aviation enrollment trends, 59-60
aviation industry reliance on, 76-77
collegiate training and, 82
comparison with other training pathways, 92-98
distribution of aviation-related positions, 57
diversity of trainee population, 4, 53-54, 68-69
historical contribution to civilian aviation, 54
minority enrollment, 62-63, 115, 116
pilot quality, 96-97
pilot selection procedures, 142-146
projections for pilots, 60-61
women in, 63-69, 116
Minorities
in airway science program, 109
elementary/secondary school math and science, 131-134
in military aviation, 4, 53-54, 115, 116
military enlistment trends, 62-63, 69
participation in aviation industry, 1, 3-4, 115
student-paid training as obstacle to employment, 95, 96
teacher expectations, 134-135
See also Diversity of workforce
O
On-the-job training, 5, 78
comparison with other training pathways, 92-98
future prospects, 98
for pilots, 78-81
for technicians, 5, 78, 81
Outsourcing, 33
P
Pell grants, 139-140
Pilots
collegiate training, 81-83, 85-90
compensation, 3, 20, 23
continuum of training, 51
foreign hires, 78
gender-neutral terminology, 125
hiring patterns, 3, 33-35, 50-51, 54-57
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job task analysis skills, 145
licensing requirements, 40-42, 79-80
military backgrounds, 4, 54-57
military downsizing, 59, 60-61, 69
military enlistment, trends in, 59-60, 69
minorities in military, 63, 69
minority and women, historical development of, 115-119
nonairline, 40
numbers of, 2
on-the-job training, 5, 78-81
personality characteristics, 145-146
quality assessment, 95-96
selection criteria, 10-11, 42, 51, 142-147
training pathways, 5-6, 77-78
wage trends, 36, 39-40
women in military, 65-69
worker supply and demand, 50-51, 105
workforce characteristics, 16, 30-31, 33
workforce diversity, 4, 44, 45-47
workforce projections, 99-103
See also Education and training for aviation careers
Post Office, 19-20
Productivity, 22-23
pilot, 101-102
Public perception and understanding, 9
aviation image problems, 125-126
developing minority group interest in aviation, 8-9, 119, 120-121
educational efforts for improving, 123-125
of industry hiring criteria, 10-11, 142
of technical/vocational education, 126-128
R
Regulatory environment
affirmative action oversight, 118-119
civil rights law, 117-118
commercial aviation classification, 25-27
competition, 20-21
current, 52
fare control, 22
historical development, 19-22
historical practice, 13, 16-17
labor costs and, 22, 36
Repairmen, 43, 44
S
Science education, 10
Seniority, 36, 39-40
Student loans, 139-141
Supplemental carriers, 21
T
Technicians
airframe and powerplant, 43, 81
certification, 42-44
collegiate training, 81, 83-84
current workforce, 16, 30-31
hiring patterns, 3, 50-51
military enlistment, historical patterns of, 59-60
military training for, 57
minorities in military, 63, 69
numbers of, 2
on-the-job training, 5, 78, 81
school training for, 81, 83-84
training pathways, 5-6, 77-78
worker supply and demand, 50-51, 105
workforce diversity, 4
workforce projections, 102
See also Aviation maintenance technicians;
Mechanics
Technological developments, 23
airway science program training for, 107-108
basic academic competencies for, 128-129
comparative adaptability of training pathways, 97
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implications for training, 106
implications for workforce, 51
job titles and, 125
need for human factors research, 145
Transitional training, 80, 104, 141-142
Trunk carriers, 20-21, 22
W
Wages. See Compensation for aviation workers
Watres Act, 19
Women
in aviation industry, 1, 3-4, 15, 44, 46-47, 115, 116, 117, 118
in collegiate aviation programs, 87-88
math and science education, 135-139
in military, 4, 53-54, 63-69, 116
See also Diversity of workforce
Representative terms from entire chapter:
airway science
